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Sexual abuse is legally defined as the engagement in sexual contact with a person below a specified age or who is incapable of giving consent. Both, pedophilia and child sexual abuse (CSA) are worldwide phenomena requiring deep scientific knowledge in order to improve prevention strategies. Individuals\u2019 misconceptions of pedophilia and CSA may legitimize sexual violence, which can influence prevention strategies and policies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review aimed to summarize existing research to help answer the question: \u201cWhat are laypeople\u00b4s myths regarding pedophilia and CSA?\u201d<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review followed the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to identify as many relevant articles as possible. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCOhost databases for articles published before January 2022. Sixty-one articles were included in the current review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, findings revealed a significant number of myths regarding pedophilia and CSA, organized into the following categories: (i) blame diffusion, (ii) denial of abusiveness, (iii) restrictive stereotypes, (iv) victim age and consequences, (v) social stigma, (vi) punitive attitudes, and (vii) treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings suggested that laypeople's perceptions should be taken into account when devising prevention policies. Additionally, perceptions should also be a target of prevention since there is evidence of social stigma and prejudice involving individuals with pedophilia. Such phenomena can contribute to social, emotional, and cognitive problems, among said individuals as well as causing these individuals to exhibit a higher risk for abusive behavior and less help-seeking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2022.06.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T01:26:21Z","timestamp":1661390781000},"page":"596-619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Lay People\u00b4s Myths Regarding Pedophilia and Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Flavia","family":"Glina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"University of Porto , Porto , 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