{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T15:30:33Z","timestamp":1772292633160,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,15]],"date-time":"2007-04-15T11:12:19Z","timestamp":1176635539000},"page":"329-338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Dietary chromium and nickel enhance UV-carcinogenesis in skin of hairless mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"Ahmed N.","family":"Uddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fredric J.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toby G.","family":"Rossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haobin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kluz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib1","first-page":"10099","article-title":"Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium; final rule","volume":"71","author":"Anonymous","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fed. Regist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib2","series-title":"Toxicological Profile for Chromium","author":"ATSDR (Agency for toxic substances and Disease Registry)","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.127.1.99","article-title":"In vivo ultraviolet irradiation of human skin results in profound perturbation of the immune system. Relevance to ultraviolet-induced skin cancer","volume":"127","author":"Baadsgaard","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2744(199811)23:3<175::AID-MC6>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"The effect of vitamin E acetate on ultraviolet-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis","volume":"23","author":"Berton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/29.4.645","article-title":"Trends in incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia in ten European countries","volume":"29","author":"Botterwecka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6655","article-title":"Arsenic-induced enhancement of UVR carcinogenesis in mouse skin: a dose\u2013response","volume":"112","author":"Burns","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020623100905","article-title":"Effect of soluble nickel on cellular energy metabolism in A549 cells","volume":"231","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3728","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.26.10.3728-3737.2006","article-title":"Nickel ions increase histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation and induce transgene silencing","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.3109\/10408449709078442","article-title":"Toxicity and carcinogenicity of Cr(VI) in animal models and humans","volume":"27","author":"Costa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2005.06.008","article-title":"Nickel carcinogenesis: epigenetics and hypoxia signaling","volume":"592","author":"Costa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440500534032","article-title":"Toxicity and carcinogenicity of chromium compounds in humans","volume":"36","author":"Costa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2004.01.006","article-title":"Exposure to Cr (VI) in the drinking water increases susceptibility to UV-induced skin cancers in hairless mice","volume":"196","author":"Davidson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/21.4.533","article-title":"Threshold mechanisms and site specificity in Cr (VI) carcinogenesis","volume":"21","author":"De Flora","year":"2000","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39022","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M604798200","article-title":"Nickel compounds render anti-apoptotic effect to human bronchial epithelial beas-2B cells by induction of cyclooxygenase-2 through an IKKbeta\/p65-dependent and IKK{alpha}- and p50-independent Pathway","volume":"281","author":"Ding","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgg012","article-title":"Chromium(VI) exposure enhances polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA binding at the p53 gene in human lung cells","volume":"24","author":"Feng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/01635589309514243","article-title":"Prevention of photocarcinogenesis by dietary vitamin E","volume":"19","author":"Gerrish","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0274(200008)38:2<115::AID-AJIM1>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Lung cancer among workers in chromium chemical production","volume":"38","author":"Gibb","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2004.02.011","article-title":"Signal transduction of p53-independent apoptotic pathway induced by hexavalent chromium in U937 cells","volume":"197","author":"Hayashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.17.1480","article-title":"Cancer prevalence and survivorship issues: analyses of the 1992 National Health Interview Survey","volume":"91","author":"Hewitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/23.1.55","article-title":"Down-regulation of the DNA-repair endonuclease 8-oxo-guanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) by sodium dichromate in cultured human A549 lung carcinoma cells","volume":"23","author":"Hodges","year":"2002","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgh012","article-title":"Nickel (II) enhances benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-induced mutagenesis through inhibition of nucleotide excision repair in human cells: a possible mechanism for nickel (II)-induced carcinogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Hu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib22","series-title":"Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Chromium, Nickel and Welding","first-page":"257","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02783964","article-title":"Comparison of the uptake and distribution of chromate in rats and mice","volume":"36","author":"Kargacin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib24","first-page":"237","article-title":"Pathological reactions in rat lungs following intratracheal injection of nickel subsulfide and 3,4-benzpyrene","volume":"6","author":"Kasprzak","year":"1973","journal-title":"Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11818","article-title":"Microscopic analysis of chromium accumulation in the bronchi and lung of chromate workers","volume":"98","author":"Kondo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.8.590","article-title":"Chromium (VI) induced oxidative damage to DNA: increase of urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine concentrations (8-OHdG) among electroplating workers","volume":"60","author":"Kuo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(02)00081-6","article-title":"Variability in human metabolism of arsenic","volume":"92","author":"Loffredo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib28","first-page":"2067","article-title":"Rapid induction of sarcomas in rats by combination of nickel sulfide and 3,4-benzpyrene","volume":"31","author":"Maenza","year":"1971","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00630.x","article-title":"The role of oxidative DNA damage in human arsenic carcinogenesis: detection of 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine in arsenic-related Bowen's disease","volume":"113","author":"Matsui","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2000.00725.x","article-title":"Selenium, ultraviolet radiation and the skin","volume":"25","author":"McKenzie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/15.12.2911","article-title":"Two pathways for chromium(VI)-induced DNA damage in 14\u00a0day chick embryos: Cr-DNA binding in liver and 8-oxo-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine in red blood cells","volume":"15","author":"Misra","year":"1994","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib32","series-title":"Arsenic in Drinking Water","author":"National Research Council","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04668.x","article-title":"Incidence of allergic contact sensitization in Danish adults between 1990 and 1998; the Copenhagen Allergy Study, Denmark","volume":"147","author":"Nielsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2003.09.006","article-title":"Complexities of chromium carcinogenesis: role of cellular response, repair and recovery mechanisms","volume":"533","author":"O'Brien","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3596","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.25.9.3596-3607.2005","article-title":"Mismatch repair proteins are activators of toxic responses to chromium-DNA damage","volume":"25","author":"Peterson-Roth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2003.01254.x","article-title":"Selenium protects primary human keratinocytes from apoptosis induced by exposure to ultraviolet radiation","volume":"28","author":"Rafferty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1177\/074823378900500606","article-title":"A study of mortality in workers engaged in the mining, smelting, and refining of nickel. II: Mortality from cancer of the respiratory tract and kidney","volume":"5","author":"Roberts","year":"1989","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(97)00287-X","article-title":"Spontaneous mutagenesis in mammalian cells is caused mainly by oxidative events and can be blocked by antioxidants and metallothionein","volume":"402","author":"Rossman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ics.2004.09.038","article-title":"Selenium prevents spontaneous and arsenite-induced mutagenesis","volume":"1275","author":"Rossman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. Congr. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9277","article-title":"Arsenite is a cocarcinogen with solar ultraviolet radiation for mouse skin: an animal model for arsenic carcinogenesis","volume":"176","author":"Rossman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110s5831","article-title":"The role of hypoxia-inducible signaling pathway in nickel carcinogenesis","volume":"110","author":"Salnikow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib42","first-page":"155\u2013182","article-title":"Review of the evidence regarding the carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium in drinking water","volume":"24","author":"Sedman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14548","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.212319799","article-title":"Selenomethionine regulation of p53 by a ref1-dependent redox mechanism","volume":"99","author":"Seo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12469048","article-title":"Antioxidant defense mechanisms in murine epidermis and dermis and their response to ultraviolet light","volume":"100","author":"Shindo","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1021\/tx010088+","article-title":"Direct oxidation of guanine and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine in DNA by a high-valent chromium complex: a possible mechanism for chromate genotoxicity","volume":"14","author":"Sugden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-0796-9_4","article-title":"Carcinogenicity of nickel subsulfide in Fischer rats and Syrian hamsters after administration by various routes","volume":"91","author":"Sunderman","year":"1977","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/16.2.193","article-title":"Mechanisms involved in the immortalization of mammalian cells by ionizing radiation and chemical carcinogens","volume":"16","author":"Trott","year":"1995","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib48","first-page":"1829","article-title":"Immortalization of normal human kidney epithelial cells by nickel(II)","volume":"49","author":"Tveito","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgi180","article-title":"Vitamin E and organoselenium prevent the cocarcinogenic activity of arsenite with solar UV in mouse skin","volume":"26","author":"Uddin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.2002.4338","article-title":"Metals and women's health","volume":"88","author":"Vahter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2006.08.003","article-title":"Gender differences in the disposition and toxicity of metals","volume":"104","author":"Vahter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-008X(02)00022-4","article-title":"Transplacental carcinogenicity of inorganic arsenic in the drinking water: induction of hepatic, ovarian, pulmonary, and adrenal tumors in mice","volume":"106","author":"Waalkes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017963307358","article-title":"Cr (VI) induces cell growth arrest through hydrogen peroxide-mediated reactions","volume":"222","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110s5729","article-title":"Reductive activation with cysteine represents a chromium(III)-dependent pathway in the induction of genotoxicity by carcinogenic chromium(VI)","volume":"110","author":"Zhitkovich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."}],"container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X0700138X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X0700138X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,27]],"date-time":"2019-04-27T09:44:05Z","timestamp":1556358245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041008X0700138X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0041008X0700138X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2007.03.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-008X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-008X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}}}