{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T15:33:46Z","timestamp":1791041626441,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]],"date-time":"2008-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207008000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,31]],"date-time":"2008-01-31T11:07:59Z","timestamp":1201777679000},"page":"49-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Phototoxicity and cytotoxicity of fullerol in human lens epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Joan E.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert R.","family":"Wielgus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William K.","family":"Boyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usha","family":"Andley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin F.","family":"Chignell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.57.12.0005","article-title":"Size-dependent disposition of nanoparticles and microparticles following subconjunctival administration","volume":"57","author":"Amrite","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib2","series-title":"Photobiology for the 21st Century","article-title":"Ocular lens photobiology","author":"Andley","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib3","first-page":"3094","article-title":"Propagation and immortalization of human lens epithelial cells in culture","volume":"35","author":"Andley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31252","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.47.31252","article-title":"The molecular chaperone alphaA-crystallin enhances lens epithelial cell growth and resistance to UVA stress","volume":"273","author":"Andley","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1021\/j100154a006","article-title":"The photophysical properties of C60","volume":"95","author":"Arbogast","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2000.16.285","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation and cataract","volume":"16","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Ocular Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib7","first-page":"1083","article-title":"Transmission of the human lens as a function of age","volume":"32S","author":"Barker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459\u2013","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.10.000459","article-title":"Theory of transparency of eye","volume":"10","author":"Benedek","year":"1971","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2000.0954","article-title":"Identification and quantitation of carotenoids and their metabolites in the tissues of the human eye","volume":"72","author":"Bernstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2004.02.010","article-title":"Modulating activity of fullerol C60(OH)22 on doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity","volume":"18","author":"Bogdanovic","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3562","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-1068","article-title":"Ocular drug delivery targeting the retina and retinal pigment epithelium using polylactide nanoparticles","volume":"44","author":"Bourges","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib12","first-page":"353","article-title":"The effects of two stereoisomers of N-acetylcysteine on photochemical damage by UVA and blue light in rat retina","volume":"70","author":"Busch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016015803611","article-title":"Polyester nanocapsules as new topical ocular delivery systems for cyclosporin A","volume":"13","author":"Calvo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib14","first-page":"533","article-title":"UV light increases vitamin C uptake by bovine lens epithelial cells","volume":"10","author":"Corti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1039\/a809495k","article-title":"Medicinal chemistry with fullerenes and fullerene derivatives","volume":"8","author":"Da Ros","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1021\/tx6003198","article-title":"Stabilization of C(60) nanoparticles by protein adsorption and its implications for toxicity studies","volume":"20","author":"Deguchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/22\/2\/010","article-title":"The calculation of the spectral distribution of natural ultraviolet radiation under clear day conditions","volume":"22","author":"Diffey","year":"1977","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(91)80209-Z","article-title":"The photophysics and photobiology of the eye","volume":"10","author":"Dillon","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., B Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9434","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.17.9434","article-title":"Carboxyfullerenes as neuroprotective agents","volume":"94","author":"Dugan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6506","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00068a005","article-title":"Inhibition of the HIV-1 protease by fullerene derivatives: model building studies and experimental verification","volume":"115","author":"Friedman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1021\/ar990144m","article-title":"Excited-state properties of C(60) fullerene derivatives","volume":"33","author":"Guldi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199707000-00017","article-title":"Density of the human crystalline lens is related to the macular pigment carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin","volume":"74","author":"Hammond","year":"1997","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6849.335","article-title":"Nutrient intake and cataract extraction in women: a prospective study","volume":"305","author":"Hankinson","year":"1992","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1999.114","article-title":"Lens alpha-crystallin: function and structure","volume":"13","author":"Horwitz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib25","first-page":"879","article-title":"Effect of oral administration of vitamin C on human aqueous humor ascorbate concentration","volume":"20","author":"Iqbal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Zhongguo Yaoli Xuebao"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.60.1359","article-title":"Photocytotoxicity of water-soluble fullerene derivatives","volume":"60","author":"Irie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1989.tb06377.x","article-title":"The uptake and translocation of latex nanospheres and microspheres after oral administration to rats","volume":"41","author":"Jani","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0896(96)00081-8","article-title":"Biological applications of fullerenes","volume":"4","author":"Jensen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bioorganic Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-005-9001-5","article-title":"Biodistribution and tumor uptake of C60(OH)x in mice","volume":"8","author":"Ji","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.5.1545","article-title":"Early redistribution of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine is a general feature of apoptosis regardless of the initiating stimulus: inhibition by overexpression of Bcl-2 and Abl","volume":"182","author":"Martin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1021\/ar030027y","article-title":"Functionalized fullerenes in water. The first 10\u00a0years of their chemistry, biology, and nanoscience","volume":"36","author":"Nakamura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s007950200027","article-title":"Fas-mediated apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells of cataracts associated with diabetic retinopathy","volume":"35","author":"Okamura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med. Electron Microsc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7230","DOI":"10.1021\/jp991237o","article-title":"Triplet-state properties and singlet oxygen generation in homologous series of functionalized fullerene derivatives","volume":"103","author":"Prat","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(02)00320-2","article-title":"Cytotoxicity and photocytotoxicity of a dendritic C(60) mono-adduct and a malonic acid C(60) tris-adduct on Jurkat cells","volume":"67","author":"Rancan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., B Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s004180050308","article-title":"Phospholipid rearrangement of apoptotic membrane does not depend on nuclear activity","volume":"110","author":"Reno","year":"1998","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(01)00196-8","article-title":"Ocular phototoxicity","volume":"64","author":"Roberts","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., B Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810290169918","article-title":"Screening for ocular phototoxicity","volume":"21","author":"Roberts","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1562\/2004-12-02-IR-391.1","article-title":"Update on the positive effects of light in humans","volume":"81","author":"Roberts","year":"2005","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1991.tb02102.x","article-title":"Detection of porphyrin excited states in the intact bovine lens","volume":"54","author":"Roberts","year":"1991","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib40","first-page":"1804","article-title":"A protective role for glutathione-dependent reduction of dehydroascorbic acid in lens epithelium","volume":"36","author":"Sasaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1021\/nl0489586","article-title":"The differential cytotoxicity of water-soluble fullerenes","volume":"4","author":"Sayes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.05.027","article-title":"Nano-C60 cytotoxicity is due to lipid peroxidation","volume":"26","author":"Sayes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2000)072<0200:POLCBH>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Photooxidation of lens alpha-crystallin by hypericin (active ingredient in St. John's Wort)","volume":"72","author":"Schey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.37.8.1707","article-title":"Synthesis and virucidal activity of a water-soluble, configurationally stable, derivatized C60 fullerene","volume":"37","author":"Schinazi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.2000.4810","article-title":"A simple method for accurate estimation of apoptotic cells","volume":"256","author":"Singh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810290169927","article-title":"How light reaches the eye and its components","volume":"21","author":"Sliney","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1562\/2006-08-09-RA-1001","article-title":"Phototoxicity in human retinal pigment epithelial cells promoted by hypericin, a component of St. John's Wort","volume":"83","author":"Wielgus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-5521(95)90219-8","article-title":"In vivo biological behavior of a water-miscible fullerene: 14C labeling, absorption, distribution, excretion and acute toxicity","volume":"2","author":"Yamago","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12803","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0355574","article-title":"Active oxygen species generated from photoexcited fullerene (C60) as potential medicines: O2-\u204e versus 1O2","volume":"125","author":"Yamakoshi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(01)00102-3","article-title":"Photo-induced cytotoxicity of malonic acid [C(60)]fullerene derivatives and its mechanism","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib51","first-page":"2756","article-title":"Measurement of carotenoids, retinoids, and tocopherols in human lenses","volume":"36","author":"Yeum","year":"1995","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010_bib52","first-page":"405","article-title":"Determination of the genotoxicity of fullerene C60 and fullerol using the method of somatic mosaics on cells of Drosophila melanogaster wing and SOS-chromotest","volume":"33","author":"Zakharenko","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genetika"}],"container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X07005601?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X07005601?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]],"date-time":"2018-12-31T20:24:41Z","timestamp":1546287881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041008X07005601"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0041008X07005601"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-008X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-008X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}}}