{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T22:36:26Z","timestamp":1774046186333,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,24]],"date-time":"2008-03-24T13:45:04Z","timestamp":1206366304000},"page":"162-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effect of stress at dosing on organophosphate and heavy metal toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Bernard S.","family":"Jortner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390490264802","article-title":"Stress and combined exposure to low doses of pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and permethrin produce neurochemical and neuropathological alterations in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum","volume":"67","author":"Abdel-Rahman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.1998.18.1059","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced type 1\/type 2 cytokine alterations in humans: a model for stress-related immune dysfunction","volume":"18","author":"Agarwal","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Interferon. Cytokine Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2007.05.014","article-title":"Neurological effects of acute uranium exposure with and without stress","volume":"28","author":"Barber","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroToxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(91)90140-Y","article-title":"A microassay method for neurotoxic esterase","volume":"16","author":"Correll","year":"1991","journal-title":"Fund. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6481","article-title":"Maternal stress modulates the effects of developmental lead exposure","volume":"112","author":"Cory-Slechta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1296-1382","article-title":"Pyridostigmine brain penetration under stress enhances neuronal excitability and induces early immediate transcriptional response","volume":"2","author":"Friedman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8906","article-title":"Stress does not enable pyridostigmine to inhibit brain cholinesterase after parenteral administration","volume":"164","author":"Grauer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2006.11.014","article-title":"The effect of stress on the acute neurotoxicity of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos","volume":"219","author":"Hancock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1296-1307","article-title":"The Gulf War, stress, and a leaky blood-brain barrier","volume":"2","author":"Hanin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib10","article-title":"Gulf War and Health","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/30741","article-title":"Acute stress facilitates long-lasting changes in cholinergic gene expression","volume":"393","author":"Kaufer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib12","first-page":"81","article-title":"Stress response proteins and renal ischemia","volume":"54","author":"Kelly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Minerva Urol. Nefrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2006.09.004","article-title":"Assessment of pro-oxidant activity of uranium in kidney and testis of rats","volume":"167","author":"Linares","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.153.18.2093","article-title":"Stress and the individual. Mechanisms leading to disease","volume":"153","author":"McEwen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib15","series-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"National Research Council, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10002","article-title":"Stress as a potential modifier of the impact of lead levels on blood pressure: the normative aging study","volume":"115","author":"Peters","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810500527119","article-title":"Examination of concurrent exposure to repeated stress and chlorpyrifos on cholinergic, glutaminergic, and monoamine neurotransmitter systems in rat forebrain regions","volume":"25","author":"Pung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/15287399509531952","article-title":"Assessment of the neurotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos relative to other organophosphorus compounds: a critical review of the literature","volume":"44","author":"Richardson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Hlth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib19","series-title":"Stress, the Aging Brain and the Mechanism of Neuron Death","author":"Sapolsky","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5276.749","article-title":"Why stress is bad for your brain","volume":"273","author":"Sapolsky","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(03)00187-2","article-title":"Combined forced running stress and subclinical paraoxon exposure have little effect on pyridostigmine-induced acute toxicity in rats","volume":"190","author":"Shaikh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.9.320","article-title":"The role of perceived job stress in the relationship between smoking and the development of peptic ulcers","volume":"9","author":"Shigemi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8931","article-title":"Stressful manipulations that elevate corticosterone reduce blood-brain barrier permeability to pyridostigmine in the rat","volume":"165","author":"Sinton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/69.1.157","article-title":"Acute and repeated restraint stress have little effect on pyridostigmine toxicity or brain regional cholinesterase inhibition in rats","volume":"69","author":"Song","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/66.1.34","article-title":"A physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK\/PD) model for the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos in rats and humans","volume":"66","author":"Timchalk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.07.007","article-title":"Heat shock proteins and acquired resistance to uranium nephrotoxicity","volume":"206","author":"Tolson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230701748446","article-title":"Temporal clinical chemistry and microscopic renal effects following acute uranyl acetate exposure","volume":"35","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X08000276?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X08000276?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,30]],"date-time":"2018-12-30T20:56:37Z","timestamp":1546203397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041008X08000276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0041008X08000276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.045","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-008X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-008X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}}}