{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:23:08Z","timestamp":1770510188078,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,9]],"date-time":"2012-06-09T05:30:09Z","timestamp":1339219809000},"page":"138-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["An ethanolic extract of black cohosh causes hematological changes but not estrogenic effects in female rodents"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Minerva","family":"Mercado-Feliciano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle C.","family":"Cora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristine L.","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Courtney A.","family":"Granville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milton R.","family":"Hejtmancik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurene","family":"Fomby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Knostman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Retha","family":"Newbold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Molly K.","family":"Vallant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Stout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0005","series-title":"American Herbal Pharmacopoeia and Therapeutic Compendium","article-title":"Black cohosh rhizome, Actaea racemosa L. syn. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt., standards of analysis, quality control, and therapeutics","author":"American Herbal Pharmacopoeia","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0015","series-title":"Reproduction and Breeding Techniques for Laboratory Animals","first-page":"299","article-title":"Rats and mice","author":"Bennett","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V79.9.2273.2273","article-title":"Ineffective hematopoiesis in folate-deficient mice","volume":"79","author":"Bills","year":"1992","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/em.10210","article-title":"Genetic damage detected in CD-1 mouse pups exposed perinatally to 3\u2032-azido-3\u2032-deoxythymidine and dideoxyinosine via maternal dosing, nursing, and direct gavage","volume":"43","author":"Bishop","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgl177","article-title":"An increased micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes predicts the risk of cancer in humans","volume":"28","author":"Bonassi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0035","series-title":"Biology of the Laboratory Mouse","first-page":"187","article-title":"Reproduction","author":"Bronson","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2007.48.2.289","article-title":"Black cohosh and St. John's wort (GYNO-Plus) for climacteric symptoms","volume":"48","author":"Chung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0045","series-title":"Practical Nonparametric Statistics","author":"Conover","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0050","first-page":"e257","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) during pregnancy and lactation","volume":"13","author":"Dugoua","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0055","series-title":"Animal Clinical Chemistry: A Practical Guide for Toxicologists and Biomedical Researchers","author":"Evans","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2307\/2531963","article-title":"The use of Markov chains to detect subtle variation in reproductive cycling","volume":"43","author":"Girard","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20106","article-title":"The rodent estrous cycle: characterization of vaginal cytology and its utility in toxicological studies","volume":"80","author":"Goldman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. B Dev. Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918156","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/918156","article-title":"Liver injury with features mimicking autoimmune hepatitis following the use of black cohosh","volume":"2009","author":"Guzman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Case Rep. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(86)90326-1","article-title":"Macrocytic-megaloblastic anemia in male B6C3F1 mice following chronic exposure to 1,3-butadiene","volume":"83","author":"Irons","year":"1986","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(86)90352-2","article-title":"Macrocytic-megaloblastic anemia in male NIH Swiss mice following repeated exposure to 1,3-butadiene","volume":"85","author":"Irons","year":"1986","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.10.2739","article-title":"Randomized trial of black cohosh for the treatment of hot flashes among women with a history of breast cancer","volume":"19","author":"Jacobson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0095","first-page":"316","article-title":"Studies on the endocrine effects of the contents of Cimicifuga racemosa 2","volume":"51","author":"Jarry","year":"1985","journal-title":"In vitro binding of compounds to estrogen receptors. Planta Med."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(02)00346-8","article-title":"In vitro effects of the Cimicifuga racemosa extract BNO 1055","volume":"44","author":"Jarry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.1285","article-title":"Phytochemical fingerprinting to thwart black cohosh adulteration: a 15 Actaea species analysis","volume":"22","author":"Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2005.04.008","article-title":"Differential effects of estrogen receptor antagonists on pituitary lactotroph proliferation and prolactin release","volume":"239","author":"Kansra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2007.07.010","article-title":"Sensitivity of the erythrocyte micronucleus assay: dependence on number of cells scored and inter-animal variability","volume":"634","author":"Kissling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132306","article-title":"New insights into erythropoiesis: the roles of folate, vitamin B12, and iron","volume":"24","author":"Koury","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0125","first-page":"198","article-title":"Estrogen-induced hyperplasia and neoplasia in the rat anterior pituitary gland. An immunohistochemical study","volume":"113","author":"Lloyd","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfl076","article-title":"Flow cytometric analysis of micronuclei in peripheral blood reticulocytes: II. An efficient method of monitoring chromosomal damage in the rat","volume":"94","author":"MacGregor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/52.2.269","article-title":"Evaluation of the EDSTAC female pubertal assay in CD rats using 17beta-estradiol, steroid biosynthesis inhibitors, and a thyroid inhibitor","volume":"52","author":"Marty","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2010.tb04006.x","article-title":"Bradycardia in a patient taking black cohosh","volume":"193","author":"McKenzie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590400020922","article-title":"Efficacy of Cimicifuga racemosa on climacteric complaints: a randomized study versus low-dose transdermal estradiol","volume":"20","author":"Nappi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3181fcb2a6","article-title":"Suspected black cohosh hepatotoxicity: no evidence by meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials for isopropanolic black cohosh extract","volume":"18","author":"Naser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0155","series-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"National Research Council","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0160","first-page":"1","article-title":"NTP toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of AZT (CAS no. 30516-87-1) and AZT\/alpha-interferon A\/D B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies)","volume":"469","author":"National Toxicology Program (NTP)","year":"1999","journal-title":"Natl. Toxicol. Program Tech. Rep. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(01)00130-7","article-title":"Cell response endpoints enhance sensitivity of the immature mouse uterotropic assay","volume":"15","author":"Newbold","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3283155451","article-title":"Severe hepatitis associated with the use of black cohosh: a report of two cases and an advice for caution","volume":"21","author":"Pierard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11718","DOI":"10.1021\/jf803298z","article-title":"In vitro serotonergic activity of black cohosh and identification of N(omega)-methylserotonin as a potential active constituent","volume":"56","author":"Powell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2008.06.001","article-title":"Effects of black cohosh extract on body weight gain, intra-abdominal fat accumulation, plasma lipids and glucose tolerance in ovariectomized Sprague\u2013Dawley rats","volume":"60","author":"Rachon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e318169332a","article-title":"Black cohosh has central opioid activity in postmenopausal women: evidence from naloxone blockade and positron emission tomography neuroimaging","volume":"15","author":"Reame","year":"2008","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9852","DOI":"10.1021\/jf062808u","article-title":"Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa, Cimicifuga racemosa) behaves as a mixed competitive ligand and partial agonist at the human mu opiate receptor","volume":"54","author":"Rhyu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod45.4.523","article-title":"Effect of stress on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis: peripheral and central mechanisms","volume":"45","author":"Rivier","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1490351","article-title":"Evidence for selective estrogen receptor modulator activity in a black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) extract: comparison with estradiol-17beta","volume":"149","author":"Seidlova-Wuttke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0205","series-title":"Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Pathology","author":"Stockham","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2008.09.009","article-title":"Suspected hepatotoxicity by Cimicifugae racemosae rhizoma (black cohosh, root): critical analysis and structured causality assessment","volume":"16","author":"Teschke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0250","first-page":"530","article-title":"Phytoestrogen content of purified, open- and closed-formula laboratory animal diets","volume":"49","author":"Thigpen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2860090303","article-title":"Comparative cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow damage induced in male B6C3F1 mice by multiple exposures to gaseous 1,3-butadiene","volume":"9","author":"Tice","year":"1987","journal-title":"Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2006.02.002","article-title":"Diagnosis of megaloblastic anaemias","volume":"20","author":"Wickramasinghe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2280(2000)36:3<163::AID-EM1>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Micronucleated erythrocyte frequency in peripheral blood of B6C3F(1) mice from short-term, prechronic, and chronic studies of the NTP carcinogenesis bioassay program","volume":"36","author":"Witt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20048","article-title":"Genetic damage detected in CD-1 mouse pups exposed perinatally to 3\u2032-azido-3\u2032-deoxythymidine or dideoxyinosine via maternal dosing, nursing, and direct gavage: II. Effects of the individual agents compared to combination treatment","volume":"44","author":"Witt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20266","article-title":"Elevated frequencies of micronucleated erythrocytes in infants exposed to zidovudine in utero and postpartum to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV","volume":"48","author":"Witt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2007.08.004","article-title":"Comparison of flow cytometry- and microscopy-based methods for measuring micronucleated reticulocyte frequencies in rodents treated with nongenotoxic and genotoxic chemicals","volume":"649","author":"Witt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3109\/13697130902939921","article-title":"Coagulation activation and fluid retention associated with the use of black cohosh: a case study","volume":"13","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Climacteric"}],"container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X12002475?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X12002475?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T18:19:27Z","timestamp":1594232367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041008X12002475"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0041008X12002475"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-008X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-008X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}}}