{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T10:41:20Z","timestamp":1778755280374,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]],"date-time":"2018-06-13T17:58:29Z","timestamp":1528912709000},"page":"113-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Refractory ceramic fibers: Fiber characteristics, potential health effects and clinical observations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"361","author":[{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Utell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.Daniel","family":"Maxim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1080\/089583701752378133","article-title":"Biopersistence of synthetic mineral fibers as a predictor of chronic inhalation toxicity in rats","volume":"13","author":"Bernstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1080\/089583701752378142","article-title":"Biopersistence of synthetic mineral fibers as a predictor of chronic intraperitoneal injection tumor response in rats","volume":"13","author":"Bernstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2012.08.020","article-title":"Alkaline earth silicate wools\u2013A new generation of high temperature insulation","volume":"64","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0020","first-page":"102","article-title":"Subchronic studies on man-made vitreous fibres: toxicity results","volume":"46","author":"Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0025","first-page":"295","article-title":"Survey of the biological effects of refractory ceramic fibres: overload and its possible consequences","volume":"49","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Hyg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2014.05.023","article-title":"Dissolution of glass wool, rock wool and alkaline earth silicate wool: morphological and chemical changes in fibers","volume":"70","author":"Campopiano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"238","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0035","article-title":"Study of cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of alkaline earth silicate and polycrystalline wools in human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"2","author":"Cavallo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicology Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0040","first-page":"S104","article-title":"Role of fiber dissolution in biological activity in rats","volume":"20","author":"Eastes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Reg. Toxicol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0045","first-page":"381","article-title":"Assessing the biological activity of fibers: insights into the role of fiber durability","volume":"12","author":"Eastes","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health Safety Aust NZ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0050","series-title":"Description and characterization of the ceramic fibres industry of the European Union. ERM Is a Trading Name of ERL","author":"Environmental Resources Management (ERM)","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0055","series-title":"Part II, Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, 30 CFR Parts 56, 57, and 71, Asbestos Exposure Limit; Proposed Rule","first-page":"43950","volume":"Vol. 70","author":"Federal Register","year":"2005"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2014.953276","article-title":"Perspectives on refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) carcinogenicity: comparisons with other fibers","volume":"26","author":"Greim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0065","first-page":"823","article-title":"Devitrification of artificial fibres","volume":"55","author":"Harrison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Hyg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.07.029","article-title":"Regulatory risk assessment approaches for synthetic mineral fibres","volume":"73","author":"Harrison","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reg. Toxicol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0075","first-page":"133","article-title":"Relationship between lung biopersistence and biological effects of man-made vitreous fibers after chronic inhalation in rats","volume":"102","author":"Hesterberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8472","article-title":"Biopersistence of synthetic vitreous fibers and amosite asbestos in the rat lung following inhalation","volume":"151","author":"Hesterberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8522","article-title":"The importance of fiber biopersistence and lung dose in determining the chronic inhalation effects of X607, RCF1, and chrysotile asbestos in rats","volume":"153","author":"Hesterberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0095","first-page":"497","article-title":"Testing of fibrous particles: short-term assays and strategies","volume":"17","author":"ILSI Working Group","year":"2005","journal-title":"lnhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009717","article-title":"An industry-wide pulmonary study of men and women manufacturing refractory ceramic fibers","volume":"148","author":"Lemasters","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000052968.43131.b5","article-title":"Mortality of workers occupationally exposed to refractory ceramic fibers","volume":"45","author":"Lemasters","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1080\/08958378.2017.1394931","article-title":"A thirty year mortality and respiratory morbidity study of refractory ceramic Fiber workers","volume":"29","author":"Lemasters","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.5.8912756","article-title":"Refractory ceramic fiber exposure and pleural plaques","volume":"154","author":"Lockey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.6.2044","article-title":"A longitudinal study of chest radiographic changes of workers in the refractory ceramic fiber industry","volume":"121","author":"Lockey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/089583700196103","article-title":"Refractory ceramic fiber: toxicology, epidemiology, and risk analyses\u2014a review","volume":"12","author":"Mast","year":"2000","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0130","first-page":"57","article-title":"Biological effects of refractory ceramic fiber","volume":"41","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kawasaki Med. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0135","first-page":"49","article-title":"Refractory ceramic fibers: Fiber characteristics, potential health effects and clinical observations","volume":"30","author":"Maxim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.1999.1314","article-title":"Hazard assessment and risk analysis of two new synthetic vitreous fibers","volume":"30","author":"Maxim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Regul. Tox. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2003.08.003","article-title":"Quantitative risk analyses for RCF: survey and synthesis","volume":"38","author":"Maxim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2006.05.003","article-title":"The role of fiber durability\/ biopersistence of silica-based synthetic vitreous fibers and their influence on toxicology","volume":"46","author":"Maxim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370701866040","article-title":"Workplace monitoring of occupational exposure to refractory ceramic fiber - a 17-year retrospective","volume":"20","author":"Maxim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2015.1051640","article-title":"Are pleural plaques an appropriate endpoint for risk analyses?","volume":"27","author":"Maxim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.2000.1409","article-title":"A science-based paradigm for the classification of synthetic vitreous fibers","volume":"32","author":"McConnell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2009.048033","article-title":"A long term study of pulmonary function among U.S. refractory ceramic Fiber workers","volume":"68","author":"McKay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0175","series-title":"Asbestos and Other Mineral Fibers: A Roadmap for Scientific Research. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","author":"Middendorf","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0180","series-title":"Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Refractory Ceramic Fibers","author":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0185","series-title":"A Review of the NIOSH Roadmap for Research on Asbestos Fibers and Other Elongate Mineral Particles","author":"National Research Council","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.43.213","article-title":"The effect of heating on the dissolution of alkaline earth silicate fibers in a simple amino acid solution and water","volume":"43","author":"Ohsawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ind. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djs513","article-title":"Pleural plaques and the risk of pleural mesothelioma","volume":"105","author":"Pairon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"issue":"September 2011","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0200","article-title":"Recommendation from the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits for Refractory Ceramic fibres","author":"Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL)","year":"2011","journal-title":"SCOEL\/SUM\/165"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0205","series-title":"Man-Made Vitreous Fibers: Nomenclature, Chemical and Physical Properties","author":"Thermal Insulation Manufacturers Association (TIMA) Nomenclature Committee","year":"1993"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.3109\/08958370903521224","article-title":"Refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) toxicity and epidemiology: a review","volume":"22","author":"Utell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2013.863411","article-title":"Lack of marked cyto-and genotoxicity of cristobalite in devitrified (heated) alkaline earth silicate wools in short-term assays with cultured primary rat alveolar macrophages","volume":"26","author":"Ziemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."}],"container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X18302692?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X18302692?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T18:55:35Z","timestamp":1551812135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041008X18302692"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0041008X18302692"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-008X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-008X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Refractory ceramic fibers: Fiber characteristics, potential health effects and clinical observations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2018.06.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}