{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T01:45:39Z","timestamp":1773971139479,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T08:29:13Z","timestamp":1665649753000},"page":"116279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sodium dichloroisocyanurate toxicity in rats during a 90-day inhalation toxicity study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"456","author":[{"given":"Chul-Min","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seulgi","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinhee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong-Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilseob","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ig-Chun","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su-cheol","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-Seok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581820935089","article-title":"Toxicology paradise: sorting out adverse and non-adverse findings in animal toxicity studies","volume":"39","author":"Baldrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.2174\/092986707781058940","article-title":"Chlorination products: emerging links with allergic diseases","volume":"14","author":"Bernard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-020-0339-8","article-title":"Assessment of respiratory and systemic toxicity of Benzalkonium chloride following a 14-day inhalation study in rats","volume":"17","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2005.11.004","article-title":"Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) tablets as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite for the routine treatment of drinking water at the household level","volume":"209","author":"Clasen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.6.1895","article-title":"Persistent asthma after inhalation of a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and hydrochloric acid","volume":"105","author":"Deschamps","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0030","article-title":"Trichloroisocyanuric acid","author":"ECHA","year":"1979","journal-title":"In: European Chemical Agency"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0035","series-title":"European Chemical Agency","article-title":"Sodium dichloroisocyanurate-96% (NaDCC)","author":"ECHA","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0040","series-title":"European Chemical Agency","article-title":"Troclosene sodium","author":"ECHA","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0050","first-page":"L167:1","article-title":"EU 2012 No. 528\/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2012 concerning the making available on the market and use of biocidal products","author":"European Union Regulation","year":"2012","journal-title":"Off. J. Eur. Union"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7019759","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7019759","article-title":"Levocetirizine pretreatment mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation in rats","volume":"2018","author":"Fahmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8669287","article-title":"A review of toxicology studies on cyanurate and its chlorinated derivatives","volume":"69","author":"Hammond","year":"1986","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2015.08.008","article-title":"Effects of anesthesia on the respiratory system","volume":"29","author":"Hedenstierna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1080\/08958378.2021.2002480","article-title":"Whole-body inhalation exposure to 2-ethyltoluene for two weeks produced nasal lesions in rats and mice","volume":"33","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2021.112064","article-title":"Skin irritation and inhalation toxicity of biocides evaluated with reconstructed human epidermis and airway models","volume":"150","author":"Hwang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0080","series-title":"Water and Sanitation, Emergency Relief Items Catalogue","first-page":"379","article-title":"Chlorine, NaDCC","author":"International Committee of the Red Cross","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2018.04.007","article-title":"Anchoring N-halo (sodium dichloroisocyanurate) on the nano-Fe3O4 surface as \u201cchlorine reservoir\u201d: antibacterial properties and wastewater treatment","volume":"13","author":"Khazaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.5491\/SHAW.2012.3.3.224","article-title":"Subchronic inhalation toxicity study of n-pentane in rats","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saf. Health Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5487\/TR.2017.33.1.007","article-title":"Effects of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) on Sprague-Dawley rats after 13 weeks of inhalation exposure","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol, Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0431","article-title":"Disinfection by-product formation and mitigation strategies in point-of-use chlorination with sodium dichloroisocyanurate in Tanzania","volume":"83","author":"Lantagen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124007","article-title":"A humidifier disinfectant biocide, polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate, inhalation exposure during pregnancy induced toxicities in rats","volume":"404","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2010.04.007","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum from acute inhalation of chlorine gas in 2 young patients","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126642","article-title":"Polyhexamethylene guanidine aerosol triggers pulmonary fibrosis concomitant with elevated surface tension via inhibiting pulmonary surfactant","volume":"420","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00012.2018","article-title":"The neutrophil\u2019s role during health and disease","volume":"99","author":"Liew","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2020.104717","article-title":"Human health hazard assessment of quaternary ammonium compounds: Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and alkyl (C12\u2013C16) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride","volume":"116","author":"Luz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140561","article-title":"COVID-19 and frequent use of hand sanitizers; human health and environmental hazards by exposure pathways","volume":"742","author":"Mahmood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00584","article-title":"Imaging biomarkers and pathobiological profiling in a rat model of drug-induced interstitial lung disease induced by bleomycin","volume":"11","author":"Mahmutovic Persson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2018.439","article-title":"Formation of trihalomethanes in swimming pool waters using sodium dichloroisocyanurate as an alternative disinfectant","volume":"78","author":"Mao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0145","first-page":"L379","article-title":"Animal models of acute lung injury","volume":"295","author":"Matute-Bello","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Lung Cell. Mol. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.10.006","article-title":"Biomarkers in acute lung injury","volume":"209","author":"Mokra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2007.12.040","article-title":"Human health risk assessment database, \u201cthe NHSRC toxicity value database\u201d: supporting the risk assessment process at US EPA\u2019s National Homeland Security Research Center","volume":"233","author":"Moudgal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0160","series-title":"Test No. 413: Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-day Study, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4","first-page":"1","author":"Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-018-0140-8","article-title":"Tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients on pirfenidone","volume":"196","author":"Ronan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lung."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95148-7","article-title":"Humidifier disinfectant, sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC): assessment of respiratory effects to protect workers' health","volume":"11","author":"Seo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0175","author":"Sigma-Aldrich"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.5487\/TR.2010.26.3.203","article-title":"Standardization of bronchoalveolar lavage method based on suction frequency number and lavage fraction number using rats","volume":"26","author":"Song","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116045","article-title":"Evaluation of inhalation toxicology after a 90-day xylitol aerosol exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"446","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0190","first-page":"122","article-title":"Evidence for the increase in asthma worldwide","volume":"206","author":"Woolcock","year":"1997","journal-title":"CIBA Found. Symp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/09603271221106336","article-title":"Pulmonary toxicity of sodium dichloroisocyanurate after intratracheal instillation in Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"41","author":"Yoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."}],"container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X22004240?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X22004240?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T20:59:57Z","timestamp":1758574797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041008X22004240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0041008X22004240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-008X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-008X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sodium dichloroisocyanurate toxicity in rats during a 90-day inhalation toxicity study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116279","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116279"}}