{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:41:14Z","timestamp":1758588074085,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014810","name":"Fondazione di Sardegna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014810","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T20:09:07Z","timestamp":1669061347000},"page":"116321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Smoking and combined oral contraceptives should be considered as an independent variable in sex and gender-oriented studies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"457","author":[{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Campesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Montella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Sotgiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Saderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Tonolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Seghieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Franconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960280809","article-title":"Physicians\u2019 attitudes toward preventive therapy for coronary artery disease: is there a gender bias?","volume":"28","author":"Abuful","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867323666161202092908","article-title":"Sex differences in alcohol use disorder","volume":"24","author":"Agabio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.004437","article-title":"Sex differences in ischemic heart disease: advances, obstacles, and next steps","volume":"11","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx258","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and cigarette smoking: a review of the literature and future directions","volume":"21","author":"Allen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E128","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003072","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 206: use of hormonal contraception in women with coexisting medical conditions","volume":"133","author":"Allen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-020-00717-0","article-title":"Contraception in chronic kidney disease: a best practice position statement by the Kidney and Pregnancy Group of the Italian Society of Nephrology","volume":"33","author":"Attini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.037556","article-title":"Relationship between serum lipoprotein ratios and insulin resistance in obesity","volume":"50","author":"Brehm","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008058","article-title":"The atherogenic index of plasma is a strong and independent predictor for coronary artery disease in the Chinese Han population","volume":"96","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-019-1043-2","article-title":"Gender-specific associations between atherogenic index of plasma and the presence and severity of acute coronary syndrome in very young adults: a hospital-based observational study","volume":"18","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0050","first-page":"497","article-title":"Regular cigarette smoking influences the transsulfuration pathway, endothelial function, and inflammation biomarkers in a sex-gender specific manner in healthy young humans","volume":"5","author":"Campesi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0055","first-page":"2998","article-title":"Cigarette smoking affects the differences between male and female phenotypes","volume":"12","author":"Campesi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14080730","article-title":"Just a reflection: does drug repurposing perpetuate sex-gender bias in the safety profile?","volume":"14","author":"Campesi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4470","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10204770","article-title":"The person\u2019s care requires a sex and gender approach","volume":"10","author":"Campesi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173762","article-title":"Combined oral contraceptives modify the effect of smoking on inflammatory cellular indexes and endothelial function in healthy subjects","volume":"891","author":"Campesi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3923\/tasr.2014.269.274","article-title":"Effect of combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) containing Levonorgestrel and Ethinylestradiol on kidney function","volume":"9","author":"Ekhator","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Appl. Sci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2019.08.009","article-title":"Atherogenic index of plasma: novel predictive biomarker for cardiovascular illnesses","volume":"50","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mac\u00edas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.11.118","article-title":"Human cells involved in atherosclerosis have a sex","volume":"228","author":"Franconi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8050476","article-title":"Sex-gender variable: methodological recommendations for increasing scientific value of clinical studies","volume":"8","author":"Franconi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6719301","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6719301","article-title":"Is extra virgin olive oil an ally for women\u2019s and wen\u2019s cardiovascular health?","volume":"2020","author":"Franconi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.307547","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in women: clinical perspectives","volume":"118","author":"Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2003.10.013","article-title":"Biology: risk factor modification by OCs and HRT lipids and lipoproteins","volume":"47","author":"Godsland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Maturitas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0110","article-title":"Low cigarette consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: meta-analysis of 141 cohort studies in 55 study reports","volume":"360","author":"Hackshaw","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00284.x","article-title":"Effects of current smoking and smoking discontinuation on renal function and proteinuria in the general population","volume":"58","author":"Halimi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60781-2","article-title":"Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in women compared with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"378","author":"Huxley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050686","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease: pathophysiological insights and therapeutic options","volume":"143","author":"Jankowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_431_20","article-title":"Atherogenic and cardiovascular risks of women on combined oral contraceptives: a comparative study","volume":"24","author":"Jimoh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Niger. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_332_16","article-title":"Atherogenic index of plasma for the assessment of cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"16","author":"Joob","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Afr. Med."},{"year":"2017","series-title":"Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine. Gender in the Genomic Era","author":"Legato","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0140"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1159\/000481209","article-title":"Tobacco use: a chronic kidney disease accelerant","volume":"46","author":"Leonberg-Yoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9900","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89307-z","article-title":"Atherogenic index of plasma as predictors for metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Taiwan citizens: a 9-year longitudinal study","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.741754","article-title":"Atherogenic index of plasma predicts outcomes in acute ischemic stroke","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.315930","article-title":"Sex as a biological variable in atherosclerosis","volume":"126","author":"Man","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-015-6596-3","article-title":"Gender-related differences in atherosclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Mathur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-021-01513-3","article-title":"Sex-specific plaque signature: uniqueness of atherosclerosis in women","volume":"23","author":"Minhas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40834-020-00110-z","article-title":"The impacts of pill contraceptive low-dose on plasma levels of nitric oxide, homocysteine, and lipid profiles in the exposed vs. non exposed women: as the risk factor for cardiovascular diseases","volume":"5","author":"Momeni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contracept. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00165.x","article-title":"Plasma lipids and risk of developing renal dysfunction: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study","volume":"58","author":"Muntner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-016-0222-7","article-title":"Atherogenic index of plasma and risk of cardiovascular disease among Cameroonian postmenopausal women","volume":"15","author":"Nansseu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13267-6","article-title":"Gender-and lesion number-dependent difference in \u201catherogenic index of plasma\u201d in Chinese people with coronary heart disease","volume":"7","author":"Ni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0195","first-page":"240","article-title":"Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP): a marker of cardiovascular disease","volume":"25","author":"Niroumand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. J. Islam Repub."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.3.450","article-title":"Smoking, serum lipids, blood pressure, and sex differences in myocardial infarction. A 12-year follow-up of the Finnmark Study","volume":"93","author":"Nj\u00f8lstad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21059","article-title":"Smoking increases the risk of venous thrombosis and acts synergistically with oral contraceptive use","volume":"83","author":"Pomp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0210","first-page":"1","article-title":"Oxford textbook of clinical nephrology: three-volume pack","volume":"1","author":"Raggi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oxford Textb. Clin. Nephrol. (4 Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv598","article-title":"Gender in cardiovascular diseases: impact on clinical manifestations, management, and outcomes","volume":"37","author":"Regitz-Zagrosek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021993","article-title":"Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events","volume":"347","author":"Ridker","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399812666160517115756","article-title":"The effect of sex and gender on diabetic complications","volume":"13","author":"Seghieri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3109\/00365513.2011.553240","article-title":"The atherogenic index of plasma is increased by hormonal contraception","volume":"71","author":"Soska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.806","article-title":"Importance of sex and gender in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease","volume":"241","author":"Spence","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/2168479015608415","article-title":"Birth control in clinical trials: industry survey of current use practices, governance, and monitoring","volume":"50","author":"Stewart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther. Innov. Regul. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019097","article-title":"Fatty liver index, albuminuria and the association with chronic kidney disease: a population-based study in China","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590701325731","article-title":"Influence of a new oral contraceptive with drospirenone on lipid metabolism","volume":"23","author":"Taneepanichskul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00626.x","article-title":"Triglyceride, but not total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, predict development of proteinuria","volume":"62","author":"Tozawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"year":"2019","series-title":"Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, Contraceptive Use by Method 2019, Data Book","author":"United Nations","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0260"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.707889","article-title":"Gender differences in atherosclerotic vascular disease: from lipids to clinical outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Vakhtangadze","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enfcli.2015.09.003","article-title":"Gender perspective in socio-health care needs","volume":"26","author":"V\u00e1zquez-Santiago","year":"2016","journal-title":"Enferm. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.09.041","article-title":"Gender disparities in evidence-based statin therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease","volume":"115","author":"Virani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E139","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000757","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2020 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"141","author":"Virani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"author":"World Health Organisation","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0285"},{"author":"World Health Organization","key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0290"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1179\/1743132813Y.0000000206","article-title":"Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol vs low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a risk factor for ischemic stroke: a result from the Kailuan study","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.817441","article-title":"Atherogenic index of plasma and coronary artery disease in the adult population: a meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2008.37","article-title":"The differential effect of cigarette smoking on glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria in an apparently healthy population","volume":"32","author":"Yoon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2019.07.006","article-title":"Association of metabolic syndrome with atherogenic index of plasma in an urban Chinese population: a 15-year prospective study","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321_bb0315","article-title":"Pervasive neglect of sex differences in biomedical research","volume":"14","author":"Zucker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."}],"container-title":["Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X22004665?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041008X22004665?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T21:01:58Z","timestamp":1758574918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041008X22004665"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S0041008X22004665"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-008X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0041-008X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Smoking and combined oral contraceptives should be considered as an independent variable in sex and gender-oriented studies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116321","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116321"}}