{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T08:03:04Z","timestamp":1790928184366,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012669","name":"Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012152","name":"National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012152","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Talanta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T03:41:26Z","timestamp":1623210086000},"page":"122589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A facile and rapid route to self-digitization of samples into a high density microwell array for digital bioassays"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianbao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengbao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengyong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1039\/C4LC00248B","article-title":"Digital biology and chemistry","volume":"14","author":"Witters","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1177\/2472630317705680","article-title":"Digital assays part I: partitioning statistics and digital PCR","volume":"22","author":"Basu","year":"2017","journal-title":"SLAS Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1177\/2472630317705681","article-title":"Digital assays part II: digital protein and cell assays","volume":"22","author":"Basu","year":"2017","journal-title":"SLAS Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b04290","article-title":"Digital bioassays: theory, applications, and perspectives","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8604","DOI":"10.1021\/ac202028g","article-title":"High-Throughput droplet digital PCR system for absolute quantitation of DNA copy number","volume":"83","author":"Hindson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2633","article-title":"Absolute quantification by droplet digital PCR versus analog real-time PCR","volume":"10","author":"Hindson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.07.048","article-title":"Absolute quantification of lung cancer related microRNA by droplet digital PCR","volume":"74","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4439","DOI":"10.1021\/la800053e","article-title":"Fast mixing and reaction initiation control of single-enzyme kinetics in confined volumes","volume":"24","author":"Jung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc21113k","article-title":"Oil-sealed femtoliter fiber-optic arrays for single molecule analysis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4260","DOI":"10.1039\/c3an00809f","article-title":"Single molecule kinetics of horseradish peroxidase exposed in large arrays of femtoliter-sized fused silica chambers","volume":"138","author":"Ehrl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12176","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201200460","article-title":"Droplet microfluidics\u2014a tool for single\u2010cell analysis","volume":"51","author":"Joensson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1021\/la802695r","article-title":"Microfluidic droplet method for nucleation kinetics measurements","volume":"25","author":"Laval","year":"2009","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1021\/cg101431g","article-title":"Using microfluidics for fast, accurate measurement of lysozyme nucleation kinetics","volume":"11","author":"Ildefonso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12784","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.8b03286","article-title":"Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation of potash alum in drop-based microfluidic device","volume":"57","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2013.214742","article-title":"Digital PCR as a novel technology and its potential implications for molecular diagnostics","volume":"59","author":"Huggett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2902","DOI":"10.1039\/c3lc50416f","article-title":"Multiplexed single molecule immunoassays","volume":"13","author":"Rissin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2015.03.015","article-title":"Digital PCR analysis of circulating nucleic acids","volume":"48","author":"Hudecova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-anchem-061516-045340","article-title":"Single-molecule arrays for protein and nucleic acid analysis","volume":"10","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6427","article-title":"Rapid detection of single bacteria in unprocessed blood using Integrated Comprehensive Droplet Digital Detection","volume":"5","author":"Kang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4200","DOI":"10.1039\/C6LC00968A","article-title":"Universal microfluidic platform for bioassays in anchored droplets","volume":"16","author":"Amselem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1039\/C7LC00206H","article-title":"Optimized droplet digital CFU assay (ddCFU) provides precise quantification of bacteria over a dynamic range of 6logs and beyond","volume":"17","author":"Scheler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4740","DOI":"10.1039\/c3lc50945a","article-title":"Probing cellular heterogeneity in cytokine-secreting immune cells using droplet-based microfluidics","volume":"13","author":"Chokkalingam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1039\/c3lc51136g","article-title":"Automated analysis of dynamic behavior of single cells in picoliter droplets","volume":"14","author":"Khorshidi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.04.044","article-title":"Droplet barcoding for single-cell transcriptomics applied to embryonic stem cells","volume":"161","author":"Klein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1039\/C5LC00291E","article-title":"Centrifugal step emulsification applied for absolute quantification of nucleic acids by digital droplet RPA","volume":"15","author":"Schuler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1039\/C6LC01305H","article-title":"Centrifugal micro-channel array droplet generation for highly parallel digital PCR","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b04313","article-title":"Assembled step emulsification device for multiplex droplet digital polymerase chain reaction","volume":"91","author":"Nie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b03687","article-title":"Droplet-based multivolume digital polymerase chain reaction by a surface-assisted multifactor fluid segmentation approach","volume":"89","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib29","first-page":"217","article-title":"A minimalist approach for generating picoliter to nanoliter droplets based on an asymmetrical beveled capillary and its application in digital PCR assay","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25628","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2002448117","article-title":"Three-dimensional digital PCR through light-sheet imaging of optically cleared emulsion","volume":"117","author":"Liao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1039\/C1LC20582J","article-title":"Surfactants in droplet-based microfluidics","volume":"12","author":"Baret","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1131370","article-title":"Microfluidic digital PCR enables multigene analysis of individual environmental bacteria","volume":"314","author":"Ottesen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1039\/c004521g","article-title":"Digital PCR on a SlipChip","volume":"10","author":"Shen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e123","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl639","article-title":"Nanoliter high throughput quantitative PCR","volume":"34","author":"Morrison","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-0131-7","article-title":"Clarity\u2122 digital PCR system: a novel platform for absolute quantification of nucleic acids","volume":"409","author":"Low","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1021\/ac902398c","article-title":"Spinning disk platform for microfluidic digital polymerase chain reaction","volume":"82","author":"Sundberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1640","article-title":"Megapixel digital PCR","volume":"8","author":"Heyries","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc21247a","article-title":"Digital LAMP in a sample self-digitization (SD) chip","volume":"12","author":"Gansen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10417","DOI":"10.1021\/ac402383n","article-title":"Self-digitization of samples into a high-density microfluidic bottom-well Array","volume":"85","author":"Schneider","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4755","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc40774d","article-title":"Self-priming compartmentalization digital LAMP for point-of-care","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1039\/C3LC51327K","article-title":"Digital PCR on an integrated self-priming compartmentalization chip","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.01.161","article-title":"A microfluidic chip based on surfactant-doped polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in a sandwich configuration for low-cost and robust digital PCR","volume":"245","author":"Fu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensor. Actuator. B Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9449","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b02096","article-title":"Simple and precise counting of viable bacteria by resazurin-amplified picoarray detection","volume":"90","author":"Hsieh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2018.12.029","article-title":"A self-digitization chip integrated with hydration layer for low-cost and robust digital PCR","volume":"1055","author":"Ning","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.02.010","article-title":"Fast and robust sample self-digitization for digital PCR","volume":"1107","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1021\/ac202578x","article-title":"Evaluation of a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction format for DNA copy number quantification","volume":"84","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.11.019","article-title":"IPMP 2013 \u2014 a comprehensive data analysis tool for predictive microbiology","volume":"171","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03629-12","article-title":"Stochasticity in colonial growth dynamics of individual bacterial cells","volume":"79","author":"Koutsoumanis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Talanta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039914021005105?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039914021005105?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T12:57:29Z","timestamp":1758545849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0039914021005105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0039914021005105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.01.31.428989","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0039-9140"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-9140","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A facile and rapid route to self-digitization of samples into a high density microwell array for digital bioassays","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Talanta","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122589","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"122589"}}