{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T01:08:02Z","timestamp":1788829682705,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":357,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Talanta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T23:31:14Z","timestamp":1782948674000},"page":"130256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Olfaction as a diagnostic instrument - a review of current, and future medical applications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"311","author":[{"given":"J.E.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.A.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Wilkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.R.","family":"Lindley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.M.","family":"Stuetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1995.tb03585.x","article-title":"Fish-odor syndrome: an olfactory diagnosis","volume":"34","author":"Ruocco","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Dermatogology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib2","first-page":"517","article-title":"Trimethylaminuria: the fish malodor syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Mitchell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00215511","article-title":"Lung cancer detection by canine scent: will there be a lab in the lab?","volume":"39","author":"McCulloch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.669712","article-title":"COVID sniffer dogs: technical and ethical concerns","volume":"8","author":"D'Aniello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2010.12.005","article-title":"Human body-odor components and their determination","volume":"30","author":"Pandey","year":"2011","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bjab037","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjab037","article-title":"Olfactory impairmnet and close social relationships. A narrative review","volume":"46","author":"Blomkvist","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2005.0129a","article-title":"Science of odor as a potential health issue","volume":"34","author":"Schiffman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193837","article-title":"Smell your way back to childhood: autobiographical odor memory","volume":"12","author":"Willander","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.105.3.352","article-title":"Cognition and olfaction: a review","volume":"105","author":"Richardson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib10","series-title":"Olfaction, Taste and Cognition","first-page":"27","article-title":"The specific characteristics of the sense of smell","author":"K\u00f6ster","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.05.003","article-title":"Olfaction: a potential cognitive marker of psychiatric disorders","volume":"32","author":"Atanasova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/713665886","article-title":"The smell of nature: olfaction, knowledge and the environment","volume":"3","author":"Press","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ethics Place Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22201","article-title":"Olfactory sensory and perceptual evalution in newborn infants: a systematic review","volume":"63","author":"Trist\u00e3o","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.08.063","article-title":"Progress in the development of olfactory-based bioelectronic chemosensors","volume":"123","author":"Cave","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2670(86)80008-3","article-title":"The primary events in chemical sensory perception: olfaction as a model for selective chemical sensing","volume":"180","author":"Thompson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.07.019","article-title":"Synergistic approaches for odor active compounds monitoring and identification: state of the art, integration, limits and potentialities of analytical and sensorial techniques","volume":"107","author":"Giungato","year":"2018","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2021.1902311","article-title":"ASSURED-SQVM diagnostics for COVID-19: addressing the why, when, where , who, what and how of testing","volume":"21","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00461-z","article-title":"Considerations for diagnostic COVID-19 test","volume":"19","author":"Vandenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib19","first-page":"300","article-title":"Smelling the diagnosis a review on the use of scent in diagnosing","volume":"71","author":"Bijland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neth. J. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2012.01545.x","article-title":"'Nosing Around' the human skin: what information is concealed in skin odour?","volume":"21","author":"Kippenberger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvr090","article-title":"The scent of disease: volatile organic compounds of the human body related to disease and disorder","volume":"150","author":"Shirasu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"issue":"8313","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)91343-5","article-title":"The use of smell in differential diagnosis","volume":"320","author":"Smith","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1995.01690210027004","article-title":"Scratch and sniff: the dynamic duo","volume":"131","author":"Stitt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1980.11715427","article-title":"Olfactory diagnosis in medicine","volume":"67","author":"Hayden","year":"1980","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib25","first-page":"215","article-title":"Odor in pemphigus","volume":"185","author":"Kanwar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.62.8.851","article-title":"Diagnosis of rotavirus gastroenteritis by smell","volume":"62","author":"Poulton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(97)00209-9","article-title":"Volatile metabolites from some gram-negative bacteria","volume":"35","author":"Sch\u00f6ller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.133773","article-title":"Advances, limitations, and prospects of biosensing technology for detecting phytopathogenic bacteria","volume":"296","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.129582","article-title":"Trace volatile compounds in the air of domestic waste landfill site: identification, olfactory effect and cancer risk","volume":"272","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib30","article-title":"Blood volatile organic aromatic compounds concentrations across adulthood in relation to total and cause specific mortality: a prospective cohort study","volume":"286","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib31","article-title":"Association of volatile organic compounds co-exposure with bone health indicators and potential mediators","volume":"308","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-012-6102-8","article-title":"Identification of volatile lung cancer markers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: comparison with discrimination by canines","volume":"404","author":"Buszewski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.34133\/bmef.0002","article-title":"The versatility and diagnostic potential of VOC profiling for noninfectious diseases","volume":"4","author":"Oxner","year":"2023","journal-title":"BME Front."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib34","series-title":"Smell and Taste in Health and Disease","first-page":"175","article-title":"Olfactory system","author":"Doty","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib35","series-title":"Smell and Taste in Health and Disease","article-title":"Measurement of olfactory function","author":"Doty","year":"1991"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2012.06.020","article-title":"Evaluation of smoking on olfactory thresholds of phenyl ethyl alcohol and n-butanol","volume":"107","author":"Hayes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjs083","article-title":"Variability of affective responses to odors: culture, gender, and olfactory knowledge","volume":"38","author":"Ferdenzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.11.027","article-title":"Determinants of human olfactory performance: a cross-cultural study","volume":"506\u2013507","author":"Sorokowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.04.010","article-title":"Critical review of dog detection and the influences of physiology, training, and analytical methodologies","volume":"185","author":"Hayes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.4155\/bio-2016-0045","article-title":"Real-time monitoring of exhaled volatiles using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization on a compact mass spectrometer","volume":"8","author":"Heaney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2015.04.020","article-title":"A method for quantification of volatil organic compounds in blood by SPME-GC-MS\/MS with broader application: from non-occupational exposure population to exposure studies","volume":"992","author":"Rodriguez-Aranda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115589","article-title":"The potential of volatile organic compounds-based breath analysis for COVID-19 screening: a systematic review & meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Subali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00020-13","article-title":"Clinical application of volatile organic compound analysis for detecting infectious diseases","volume":"26","author":"Sethi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/aa5524","article-title":"Canine olfaction as an alternative to analytical instruments for disease diagnosis: understanding 'dog personality' to achieve reproducible results","volume":"11","author":"Hackner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Breath Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1586\/17434440.2.5.559","article-title":"Medical applications of electronic nose technology","volume":"2","author":"Thaler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Med. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2014.02.011","article-title":"Scent of the familiar: an fMRI study of canine brain responses to familiar and unfamiliar human and dog odors","volume":"110","author":"Berns","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Process."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279003","article-title":"Bionic sensing system and characterization of exhaled nitric oxide detection based on canine olfaction","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00007","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00007-2024","article-title":"The science behind the nose: correlating volatile organic compound characterization with canine biodetection of COVID-19","volume":"10","author":"Charles","year":"2024","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib49","series-title":"Medicine, Crossing the Global Quality Chasm: Improving Health Care Worldwide","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131555","article-title":"Odorant-responsive biological receptors and electronic noses for volatile organic compounds with aldehyde for human health and diseases: a perspective review","volume":"455","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2023.11.005","article-title":"Modern approaches for detection of volatile organic compounds in metabolic studies focusing on pathogenic bacteria: current state of the art","volume":"14","author":"\u017buchowska","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2024.117987","article-title":"Use of living systems for clinical diagnostics by monitoring volatile chemicals","volume":"180","author":"McLane-Svoboda","year":"2024","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"Suppl 51","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21441","article-title":"Smell with inspiration: the evolutionary significance of olfaction","volume":"143","author":"Hoover","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-27937-1","article-title":"Function of human olfactory mucus and age-dependent changes","volume":"13","author":"Shirai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22338","article-title":"Olfaction: anatomy, physiology, and disease","volume":"27","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23031","article-title":"The molecular biology of vertebrate olfaction","volume":"297","author":"Hayden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"issue":"5730","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109886","article-title":"Elementary response of Olfactory Receptor Neurons to odorants","volume":"308","author":"Bhandawat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib58","series-title":"Smell and Taste in Health and Disease","first-page":"65","article-title":"Structural organization of the olfactory system","author":"Greer","year":"1991"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.3295","article-title":"Odour perception: a review of an intricate signalling pathway","volume":"31","author":"Tromelin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Flavour Fragrance J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.423","article-title":"Olfaction Ann","volume":"52","author":"Doty","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797613515681","article-title":"The scent of disease: human body odor contains an early chemosensory cue of sickness","volume":"25","author":"Olsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2024.01.004","article-title":"The structure and function of olfactory receptors","volume":"45","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.200890099","article-title":"Human olfactory receptor families and their odorants","volume":"5","author":"Krautwurst","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.09.041","article-title":"Decoding human olfaction by high heterologous expression of odorant receptors detecting signature odorants","volume":"35","author":"Emter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12010129","article-title":"Potential role of oxidative stress in the production of volatile organic compounds in obseity","volume":"12","author":"Oyerinde","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2011.07.006","article-title":"The aromatic volatile organic compounds toluene, benzene and styrene induce COX-2 and prostaglandins in human lung epithelial cells via oxidative stress and p38 MAPK activation","volume":"289","author":"M\u00f6gel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/ab7f9d","article-title":"A mechanistic study and review of volatile products from peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids: an aid to understanding the origins of volatile organic compounds from the human body","volume":"14","author":"Ratcliffe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Breath Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/398585","article-title":"The interplay of the gut microbiome, bile acids, and volatile organic compounds","volume":"2015","author":"Sagar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Res. Pract."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.8b00400","article-title":"Prospects and challenges of volatile organic compound sensors in human healthcare","volume":"3","author":"Jalal","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib70","article-title":"A review of volatiles from the healthy human body","volume":"8","author":"Costello","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Breath Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpt.2024.12.004","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath: applications in cancer diagnosis and predicting treatment efficacy","volume":"3","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Pathog. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.12.012","article-title":"Endogenous and microbial volatile organic compounds in cutaneous health and disease","volume":"111","author":"Duffy","year":"2019","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3390\/bios10080083","article-title":"Sniffing out urinary tract infection- diagnosis based on volatile organic compounds and smell profile","volume":"10","author":"Dospinescu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7247802","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds as biomarkers of gastrointestinal diseases and nutritional status","volume":"2019","author":"Rondanelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anal Methods Chem"},{"issue":"6177","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1249168","article-title":"Humans can discriminate more than 1 trillion olfactory stimuli","volume":"343","author":"Bushdid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.932955","article-title":"Olfactory sensitivity in mammalian species","volume":"65","author":"Wackermannov\u00e1","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib77","first-page":"13","article-title":"Individual human odor fallout as detected by trained canines. Forensic","volume":"234","author":"Vyplelova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjg075","article-title":"Human odor detectability: new methodology used to determine threshold and variation","volume":"28","author":"Walker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"issue":"2\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2005.07.009","article-title":"Naturalistic quantification of canine olfactory sensitivity","volume":"97","author":"Walker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.7975","article-title":"Direct analysis of volatile organic compounds in foods by headspace extraction atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry","volume":"31","author":"Perez-Hurtado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00396-8","article-title":"Joy of super smeller: sebum clues for PD diagnostics","volume":"15","author":"Morgan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib85","article-title":"Greater hippocampal gray matter volume in subjective hyperosmia: a voxel-based morphometry study","volume":"10","author":"Hans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2015.09.007","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction and its measurement in the clinic","volume":"1","author":"Doty","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Otorhinolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib87","series-title":"Human and Animal Olfactory Capabilities Compared in Springer Handbook of Odor A. Buettner","first-page":"675","author":"Laska","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib88","first-page":"1","article-title":"Canine detection capabilities: operational implications of recent R &D findings","author":"Johnston","year":"1999","journal-title":"Institute for Biological Detection Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1006315","article-title":"Use of trained scent dogs for detection of COVID-19 and evidence of cost saving","volume":"9","author":"Mutesa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2019.05.034","article-title":"Biosensors for explosives: state of art and future trends","volume":"118","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00056","article-title":"When the nose doesn't know: canine olfactory function associated with health, management, and potential links to microbiota","volume":"5","author":"Jenkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib91","series-title":"Canine Olfaction, Science, and Law","first-page":"49","article-title":"Effects of disease on canine olfaction","author":"Otto","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/981458","article-title":"Current challenges in volatile organic compounds analysis as potential biomarkers of cancer","volume":"2015","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biomark"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib93","series-title":"Volatile Biomakers: Non-Invasive Diagnosis in Physiology and Medicine","author":"Amann","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib94","article-title":"Increased complexity to simplify clinical care: high resolution mass spectrometry as an enabler of AI guided clinical and therapeutic monitoring","volume":"3","author":"Yee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2024.108712","article-title":"Artificial intelligence with mass spectrometry-based multimodal molecular profiling methods for advancing therapeutic discovery of infectious diseases","volume":"263","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13271","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds as new biomarkers for colorectal cancer: a review","volume":"18","author":"Di Lena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082613","article-title":"Application of electronic-nose technologies and VOC-biomarkers for the noninvasive early diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases","volume":"18","author":"Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.1158","article-title":"Accuracy and methodologic challenges of volatile organic compound-based exhaled breath test for cancer diagnosis: a systematic review meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Hanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.3390\/s110101105","article-title":"Advances in electronic-nose technologies developed for biomedical applications","volume":"11","author":"Wilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-023-02312-2","article-title":"Prostate cancer detection using e-nose and AI for high probability assessment","volume":"23","author":"Talens","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inf. Decis. Making"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib100","article-title":"Approach and applicaton of extracting matching features from E-nose signals for AI tasks","volume":"90","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biodmed Signal Process Control"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24463","article-title":"Application of an electronic nose in the diagnosis of head and neck cancer","volume":"124","author":"Leunis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.37190\/ABB-01737-2020-03","article-title":"Design and development of an e-nose system for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases","volume":"23","author":"Binson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Bioeng. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-017-9987-3","article-title":"Electronic nose technology is respiratory diseases","volume":"195","author":"Dragonieri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-20534-8","article-title":"Clinical studies of detecting COVID-19 from exhaled breath with electronic nose","volume":"12","author":"Kwiatkowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2024.117958","article-title":"Electronic nose for the detection and discrimination of volatile organic compounds: applications, challenges, and perspectives","volume":"180","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.04.008","article-title":"Honeybees Apis mellifera can detect the scent of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"91","author":"Suckling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib107","article-title":"Malaria infected mosquitoes express enhanced attraction to human odor","volume":"8","author":"Smallengange","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2022.116599","article-title":"Olfactory receptor-based biosensors as potential future tools in medical diagnosis","volume":"150","author":"Wasilewski","year":"2022","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib108","first-page":"993","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment: some diseases, syndromes, and conditions associated with an unusual odor Pediatrics","volume":"41","author":"Cone","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib109","article-title":"The diagnostic art of smelling","volume":"34","author":"Pope","year":"1928","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1373","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac956","article-title":"PubChem 2023 update","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib124","series-title":"Eating Disorders and Obseity: a Comprehensive Handbook","first-page":"162","article-title":"Clinical presentation of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa","author":"Beumont","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib125","first-page":"845","volume":"vol. 23","author":"O\u015bwi\u0119cimska","year":"2014"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.09.87","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis: an update on diagnosis and treatment","volume":"7","author":"Verstraelen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91112-9","article-title":"Nonspecific vaginitis: diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic assocaitions","volume":"74","author":"Amsel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib128","first-page":"645","article-title":"Olfactory diagnosis","volume":"27","author":"Lockman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib129","first-page":"931","article-title":"[Do you have a good nose? Small lexicon of bromhidroses and other body odors]","volume":"54","author":"Goffin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Liege"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.5603\/IMH.2017.0029","article-title":"Cholera- the new strike of an old foe","volume":"68","author":"Kuna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Marit. Health"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib131","first-page":"1036","article-title":"Cases of cholera, without comments","volume":"1","author":"Grove","year":"1853","journal-title":"Assoc Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis974","article-title":"The nose knows not: poor predicative value of stool sample odor for detection of Clostridium difficile","volume":"56","author":"Rao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib132","first-page":"39","article-title":"Hapatic methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency in a 31-year-old man","volume":"40","author":"Gahl","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.56.1.236","article-title":"Isovaleric acidemia: a new genetic defect of leucine metabolism","volume":"56","author":"Tanaka","year":"1966","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-7560(199911\/12)15:6<412::AID-DMRR72>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Ketone bodies: a review of physiology, pathophysiology and application of monitoring to diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Laffel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197707212970303","article-title":"Biochemical profile of uremic breath","volume":"297","author":"Simenhoff","year":"1977","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib115","first-page":"628","article-title":"Mercaptans and dimethyl sulfide in the breath of patients with cirrhosis of the liver","volume":"75","author":"Chen","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005433516026","article-title":"4,5,-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (sotolone) - the odour of maple syrup urine disease","volume":"22","author":"Podebrad","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib136","first-page":"73","article-title":"Methionine malabsorption syndrome","volume":"205","author":"Hooft","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann. Paediatr."},{"issue":"168","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.33.168.109","article-title":"An inborn error of metabolism with the urinary excretion of \u03b1-hydroxy-butyric acid and phenylpyruvic acid","volume":"33","author":"Smith","year":"1958","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-595X.2002.tb00925.x","article-title":"Halitosis in medicine: a review","volume":"52","author":"Tangerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. Dent. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib114","first-page":"21","article-title":"The anaerobic microflora: the accused in oral malodour?","volume":"5","author":"Shenoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Pathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.8b00879","article-title":"Discovery of volatile biomarkers of Parkinson's Disease from sebum","volume":"5","author":"Trivedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.1.89","article-title":"The discovery of Phenylketonuria: the story of a young couple, two retarded children, and a scientist","volume":"105","author":"Centerwall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.52.605.136","article-title":"Smell as a diagnostic marker","volume":"52","author":"Liddell","year":"1976","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.6.1427","article-title":"Streptococcal Intertrigo: an underrecognized condition in children","volume":"112","author":"Honig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300047268","article-title":"The early recognition of streptococci as causes of disease","volume":"31","author":"Wilson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Med. Hist."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib112","first-page":"45","article-title":"A review of trimethylaminuria: (fish odor syndrome)","volume":"6","author":"Messenger","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.130505","article-title":"A rare case of fish odor syndrome presenting as depression","volume":"56","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib144","first-page":"65","article-title":"Oral malodour: a systemic review","volume":"9","author":"Bansal","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjq017","article-title":"Olfactory perception of 6 amino acids by human subjects","volume":"35","author":"Laska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib146","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Experience with 37 infants with tyrosinemia","volume":"97","author":"LaRochelle","year":"1967","journal-title":"Can. Med. Assoc. J."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E608","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.160656","article-title":"Urinary tract infection in children","volume":"189","author":"Hudson","year":"2017","journal-title":"CMAJ (Can. Med. Assoc. J.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/082585979100700407","article-title":"What about odor in terminal cancer","volume":"7","author":"Jacob","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Palliat. Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2015.0653","article-title":"The management of combat wounds: the British military experience","volume":"5","author":"Jeffery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib121","series-title":"Recognising and Treating the Causes of Chronic Malodorous Wounds","author":"Holloway","year":"2004"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.1995.4.16.959","article-title":"Common problems in wound care: malodourous wounds","volume":"4","author":"Haughton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br. J. Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3760","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40178-5","article-title":"Validity of an observational assessment tool for multifaceted evaluation of faecal condition","volume":"9","author":"Ohno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib116","series-title":"Cognitive Errors in Clinical Decision Making MSD Manual Professional Edition [Online]","author":"Mandell","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(85)90050-2","article-title":"Optimum performance of odor intensity by humans","volume":"34","author":"Laing","year":"1985","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v7n3p8","article-title":"Diagnostic value of Amsel's clinical criteria for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis","volume":"7","author":"Mohammadzadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Global J. Health Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00313864","article-title":"Smell and other sensory disturbances in migraine","volume":"232","author":"Blau","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib150","article-title":"Position paper on olfactory dysfunction","volume":"54","author":"Hummel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1159\/000530211","article-title":"Olfactory nomenclature: an orchestrated effort to clarify terms and definitions of dysosmia, anosmia, hyposmia, Normosmia, hyperosmia, olfactory intolerance, parosmia, and Phantosmia\/Olfactory hallucination","volume":"85","author":"Hernandez","year":"2023","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.108022","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds analysis as promising biomarkers for Parkinson's disease diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"235","author":"Habibzadeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/074823379200800417","article-title":"Research strategies for investigating multiple chemical sensitivity","volume":"8","author":"Jewett","year":"1992","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2005.06.075","article-title":"Chemosensory function and psychological profile in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity: comparison with odor-sensitive and asymptomatic controls","volume":"60","author":"Papo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjr028","article-title":"Affected by smells? Environmental chemical responsitivity predicts odor perception","volume":"36","author":"K\u00e4rnekull","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1988.01860240072027","article-title":"Olfactory sensitivity, nasal resistance, and autonomic function in patients with multiple chemical sensitivities","volume":"114","author":"Doty","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2017.05.002","article-title":"Animal olfactory detection of human diseases: guidelines and systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Edwards","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R80","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2003-4-12-r80","article-title":"Comparison of the canine and human olfactory receptor gene repertoires","volume":"4","author":"Quignon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib159","series-title":"Canine Olfaction, Science, and Law","first-page":"5","article-title":"The anatomy of the canine nose","author":"Bainbridge","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2010.07.004","article-title":"Comparative functional structure of the olfactory mucosa in the domestic dog and sheep","volume":"192","author":"Kavoi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082463","article-title":"Canine olfaction: physiology, behavior, and possibilities for practical applications","volume":"11","author":"Kokoci\u0144ska-Kusiak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib162","first-page":"300","article-title":"Attributes of specialist search dogs- a questionnaire survey of UK dog handlers and trainers","volume":"49","author":"Almey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2011.06.001","article-title":"An overview of the dog\u2013human dyad and ethograms within it","volume":"7","author":"McGreevy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vet. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib164","series-title":"Biosensors in Fluffy Coats\": Interspecies Relationships and Knowledge Production at the Nexus of dog-training and Scientific Research","first-page":"223","author":"Holland","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7276.1565","article-title":"Non-invasive detection of hypoglycaemia using a novel, fully biocompatible and patient friendly alarm system","volume":"321","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20592","article-title":"Reconstruction and morphometric analysis of the nasal airway of the dog (Canis familiaris) and implications regarding olfactory airflow","volume":"290","author":"Craven","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06523-8","article-title":"Canine olfactory detection and its relevance to medical detection","volume":"21","author":"Jendrny","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105527","article-title":"Olfaction in the canine cognitive and emotional process: from behavioral and neural viewpoints to measurement possibilities","volume":"157","author":"Berg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13050713","article-title":"The olfactory bulb in companion animals- anatomy, physiology, and clinical importance","volume":"13","author":"Alvites","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-9140(00)00546-4","article-title":"The scientific foundation and efficacy of the use of canines as chemical detectors for explosives","volume":"54","author":"Furton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib171","first-page":"142","article-title":"Bio-inspired approaches for explosives detection","author":"Wasilewski","year":"2021","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib172","first-page":"435e9","article-title":"Canine olfactory detection of cancer versus laboratory testing: myth or opportunity?","volume":"50","author":"Lippi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00408","article-title":"Methodological considerations in canine olfactory detection research","volume":"7","author":"Lazarowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21071\/pbs.v0i6.10785","article-title":"Biomedical scent detection dogs: would they pass as a health technology?","author":"Reeve","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pet Behav Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13030504","article-title":"Defining the characteristics of successful biosecurity scent detection dogs","volume":"13","author":"Moser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)90481-8","volume":"4","author":"Mulder","year":"1971","journal-title":"Dogs in diagnosis Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245530","article-title":"Feasibility of integrating canine olfaction with chemical and microbial profiling of urine to detect lethal prostate cancer","volume":"16","author":"Guest","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735405285096","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of canine scent detection in early- and late-stage lung and breast cancers","volume":"5","author":"McCulloch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Integr. Cancer Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2017.05.023","article-title":"Indentifying environmental reservoirs of Clostridium difficile with a scent detection dog: preliminary evaluation","volume":"97","author":"Bryce","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.2193\/2008-545","article-title":"Detection dogs: an effective technique for Bush dog surveys","volume":"73","author":"Dematteo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3679","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30897-1","article-title":"Sniffer dogs performance is stable over time in detecting COVID-19 positive samples and agrees with the rapid antigen test in the field","volume":"13","author":"Pirrone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7396","article-title":"Using a dog's superior olfactory sensitivity to identify Clostridium difficile in stools and patients: proof of principle study","volume":"345","author":"Bomers","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib189","series-title":"C Diff Sniffers: Scent-Tracking Dogs Help Hospitals Track Superbug","author":"Dall","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2017.03.004","article-title":"Olfactory detection of cancer by trained sniffer dogs: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"19","author":"Pirrone","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2019.04.010","article-title":"Testing ovarian cancer cell lines to train dogs to detect ovarian cancer from blood plasma: a pilot study","volume":"32","author":"Murarka","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2754\/avb201585010077","article-title":"Intensive training technique utilizing the dog's olfactory abilities to diagnose prostate cancer in men","volume":"84","author":"Urbanov\u00e1","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Vet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib180","series-title":"Sarasota's New COVID-19 Detection Dog","author":"Olsen","year":"2021"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa131","article-title":"Could bio-detection dogs be used to limit the spread of COVID-19 by travellers?","volume":"27","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Trav. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1515\/jom-2020-0222","article-title":"Toward the use of medical scent detection dogs for COVID-19 screening","volume":"121","author":"Dickey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Osteopath. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932018000408","article-title":"Sniff and tell: the feasibility of using bio-detection dogs as a Mobile diagnostic intervention for asymptomatic malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"51","author":"Kasstan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biosoc. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib184","series-title":"Canine Olfaction, Science, and Law","first-page":"155","article-title":"Training fundamentals and the selection of dogs and personnel for detection work","author":"Minnihinnick","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jup.2011.11.003","article-title":"The performance of the urban water and wastewater sectors in Australia","volume":"20","author":"Abbott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Util. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib186","series-title":"Essential Readingsin Biosemiotics: Anthology and Commentary","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-9650-1_7","article-title":"The Clever Hans phenomenon from an animal psychologist's point of view","author":"Favareau","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib187","series-title":"Canine Olfaction, Science, and Law","first-page":"173","article-title":"Training a statistically superior scent discrimination canine: where trainer wisdom meets scientific validation","author":"Papet","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib238","first-page":"79","article-title":"Real-Time detection of a virus using detection dogs","volume":"2","author":"Angle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40721-4","article-title":"Dogs demonstrate the existence of an epileptic seizure odour in humans","volume":"9","author":"Catala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofw051","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw051","article-title":"Detection of bacteriuria by canine olfaction","volume":"3","author":"Maurer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2008.0288","article-title":"Canine responses to hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Wells","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Alternative Compl. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-008-0128-0","article-title":"A dog's detection of low blood sugar: a case report","volume":"177","author":"O'Connor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ir. J. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01820.x","article-title":"Canine detection of hypoglycaemic episodes whilst driving","volume":"23","author":"Tauveron","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-015-0135-x","article-title":"Dogs can be successfully trained to alert to hypoglycemia samples from patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Hardin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2017.03.005","article-title":"Canine scent detection as a tool to distinguish meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus","volume":"96","author":"Koivulsalo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243122","article-title":"Can the detection dog alert on COVID-19 positive persons by sniffing axillary sweat samples? A proof-of-concept study","volume":"15","author":"Grandjean","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268382","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection by canine olfaction","volume":"17","author":"Grandjean","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262631","article-title":"Identifying SARS-COV-2 infected patients through canine olfactive detection on axillary sweat samples; study of observed sensitivities and specificities within a group of trained dogs","volume":"17","author":"Grandjean","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05939-6","article-title":"Sniffer dogs as a screening\/diagnostic tool for COVID-19: a proof of concept study","volume":"21","author":"Eskandari","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5924","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27147","article-title":"COVID-19 sniffer dog experimental training: which protocol and which implications for reliable sidentification?","volume":"93","author":"Angeletti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05281-3","article-title":"Scent dog identification of samples from COVID-19 patients - a pilot study","volume":"20","author":"Jendrny","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250158","article-title":"Discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 infected patient samples by detection dogs: a proof of concept study","volume":"16","author":"Essler","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2024.2363887","article-title":"Canine olfactory detection and its relevance for the medical identification of patients with COVID-19","volume":"56","author":"Ben Said","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-008024","article-title":"Scent dogs in detection of COVID-19: triple-blinded randomised trial and operational real-life screening in airport setting","volume":"7","author":"Kantele","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Glob. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.10.0550","article-title":"A one health perspective: COVID-sniffing dogs can be effective and efficient as public health guardians","volume":"262","author":"Ungar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249191","article-title":"Dog owner's survey reveals medical alert dogs can alert to multiple conditions and multiple people","volume":"16","author":"Reeve","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib251","first-page":"2013","article-title":"Canine olfactory detection of malignant melanoma","author":"Campbell","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"issue":"9285","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06065-2","article-title":"Another sniffer dog for the clinic?","volume":"358","author":"Church","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)92257-5","article-title":"Sniffer dogs in the melanoma clinic?","volume":"1","author":"Williams","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2004.04.008","article-title":"Evidence for canine olfactory detection of melanoma","volume":"89","author":"Pickel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5144532","article-title":"Exploring ovarian cancer screening using a combined sensor approach: a pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Kybert","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIP Adv."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.218305","article-title":"Colorectal cancer screening with odour material by canine scent detection","volume":"60","author":"Sonoda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-012-6102-8","article-title":"Identification of volatile lung cancer markers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: comparison with discrimination by canines","volume":"404","author":"Buszewski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00051711","article-title":"Canine scent detection in the diagnosis of lung cancer: revisiting a puzzling phenomenon","volume":"39","author":"Ehmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/ab716e","article-title":"Two-step investigation of lung cancer detection by sniffer dogs","volume":"14","author":"Mazzola","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Breath Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2013.819996","article-title":"Can dogs smell lung cancer? First study using exhaled breath and urine screening in unselected patients with suspected lung cancer","volume":"53","author":"Amundsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2019.1634284","article-title":"VOC pattern recognition of lung cancer: a comparative evaluation of different dog- and eNose-based strategies using different sampling materials","volume":"58","author":"Biehl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102800","article-title":"Olfactometric diagnosis of lung cancer by canine scent - a double-blinded study","volume":"64","author":"Riedlova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compl. Ther. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.2019.077","article-title":"Accuracy of canine scent detection of non-small cell lung cancer in blood serum","volume":"119","author":"Junqueira","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08651-5","article-title":"Sniffer dogs can identify lung cancer patients from breath and urine samples","volume":"21","author":"Feil","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.09.099","article-title":"Olfactory system of highly trained dogs detects prostate cancer in urine samples","volume":"193","author":"Taverna","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2006.6408","article-title":"The use of canines in the detection of human cancers","volume":"14","author":"Gordon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Alternative Compl. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735405285096","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of canine scent detection in early- and late-stage lung and breast cancers","volume":"5","author":"McCulloch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Integr. Cancer Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735408319058","article-title":"Human ovarian carcinomas detected by specific odor","volume":"7","author":"Horvath","year":"2008","journal-title":"Integr. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2022.123729","article-title":"Canine discrimination of ovarian cancer through volatile organic compounds","volume":"250","author":"Kane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-10-643","article-title":"Characteristic odour in the blood reveals ovarian carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Horvath","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-13-396","article-title":"Cancer odor in the blood of ovarian cancer patients: a retrospective study of detection by dogs during treatment, 3 and 6 months afterward","volume":"13","author":"Horvath","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib268","first-page":"1","volume":"329","author":"Willis","year":"2004"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10060517","article-title":"Breast cancer detection from a urine sample by dog sniffing: a preliminary study for the development of a new screening device, and a literature review","volume":"10","author":"Kure","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2996-4","article-title":"A non-invasive tool for detecting cervical cancer odor by trained scent dogs","volume":"17","author":"Guerrero-Flores","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3291","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12113291","article-title":"The trained sniffer dog could accurately detect the urine samples from the patients with cervical cancer, and even cervical intraepithehial neoplasia grade 3: a pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib188","series-title":"Sniffing Saviours","author":"Saleemuddin","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2017.07.001","article-title":"Do aversive-based training methods actually compromise dog welfare? A literature review","volume":"196","author":"Fernandes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib191","series-title":"Pets as Sentinels, Forecasters and Promoters of Human Health","author":"Pastorinho","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107690","article-title":"Canine detection of volatile organic compounds unique to human epileptic seizure","volume":"115","author":"Maa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy and behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/15347354221140516","article-title":"Remote medical scent detection of cancer and infectious diseases with dogs and rats: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Bauer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Integr. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib194","first-page":"26","article-title":"The semiotic canine: scent processing dogs as research assistants in biomedical and environmental research","volume":"3","author":"Gadbois","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dog Behaviour"},{"issue":"6487","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaz5390","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz5390","article-title":"Widespread receptor-driven modulation in peripheral olfactory coding","volume":"368","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(00)00407-8","article-title":"The analysis of odor mixtures by humans: evidence for a configurational process","volume":"72","author":"Jinks","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjj058","article-title":"The capacity of humans to identify components in complex odor-taste mixtures","volume":"31","author":"Marshall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib204","series-title":"Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation","first-page":"225","article-title":"Psychophysical measurement of human olfactory function","author":"Doty","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib205","series-title":"Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation","article-title":"Olfaction in the order carnivora: family canidae","author":"Hepper","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2016.00047","article-title":"Canine detection of the volatilome: a review of implications for pathogen and disease detection","volume":"3","author":"Angle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib207","series-title":"Covid-19 Detection Dog: the Nose Knows","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/25.7.637","article-title":"Urine analysis of laboratory personnel preparing cocaine training aids for a military working dog program","volume":"25","author":"Gehlhausen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2025.106638","article-title":"Effects of training paradign on dogs' (Canis familiaris) acquisition and generalizations of odors when trained with multiple explosives classes","volume":"287","author":"Kane","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/9\/2\/027001","article-title":"Study of the art: canine olfaction used for cancer detection on the basis of breath odour. Perspectives and limitations","volume":"9","author":"Jezierski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Breath Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.12.074","article-title":"Real time aroma reconstruction using odour primaries","volume":"227","author":"Nicola\u00ef","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sensor. Actuator. B Chem."},{"issue":"195","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01204558","article-title":"Evaluation of the aroma composition of some strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch) cultivars by use of odour threshold values","volume":"195","author":"Larsen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.03.064","article-title":"Odour-active compounds in banana fruit cv. Giant Cavendish","volume":"141","author":"Pino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1250-x","article-title":"Hospital cleaning in the 21st century","volume":"30","author":"Dancer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2019.161","article-title":"Understanding ultraviolet light surface decontamination in hospital rooms: a primer","volume":"40","author":"Boyce","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Control Hops Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib220","article-title":"The manipulation of odor availability of training aids used in detection canine training","volume":"5","author":"Sloan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib221","first-page":"112","article-title":"Efficacy of drug detection by fully-trained police dogs varies by breed, training level, type of drug and search environment. Forensic","volume":"237","author":"Jezierski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2006.6408","article-title":"The use of canines in the detection of human cancers","volume":"14","author":"Gordon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Alternative Compl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2490-14-22","article-title":"Key considerations for the experimental training and evaluation of cancer odour detection dogs: lessons learnt from a double-blind, controlled trial of prostate cancer detection","volume":"14","author":"Elliker","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2025.106527","article-title":"The effect of training paradigm on dogs' (Canis familiaris) acquisition and generalization of smokeless powders","volume":"284","author":"Kane","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-024-02104-3","article-title":"Current data processing methods and reporting standards for untargeted analysis of volatile organic compounds using direct mass spectrometry: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2017.01.001","article-title":"An approach to identify bias in scent detection dog testing","volume":"189","author":"Johnen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forc.2024.100553","article-title":"Evaluation of non-detonable canine training aids for explosives by headspace analysis and canine testing","volume":"37","author":"DeGreeff","year":"2024","journal-title":"Forensic Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02197-z","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of rapid antigen tests (RATs) for SARS-CoV-2 and their efficacy in monitoring the infectiouness of COVID-19 patients","volume":"11","author":"Routsias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10070464","article-title":"Rapid large-scale COVID-19 testing during shortages","volume":"10","author":"Beetz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116430","article-title":"Recapitulating COVID-19 detection methods: RT-PCR, sniffer dogs and electronic nose","volume":"110","author":"Grizzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2024.1366596","article-title":"Calibrating canines-a universal detector calibrant for detection dogs","volume":"5","author":"Maughan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Allergy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2010.0704","article-title":"Feline responses to hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Wells","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Alternative Compl. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103959","article-title":"Ants detect cancer cells through volatile organic compounds","volume":"25","author":"Piqueret","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"1991","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib286","article-title":"Ants act as olfactory bio-detectors of tumours in patient-derived xenograft mice","volume":"290","author":"Piqueret","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118699","article-title":"A highly accurate inclusive cancer screening test using Caenorhabditis elegans scent detection","volume":"10","author":"Hirotsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1179299X19896551","article-title":"Behavioural response alteration in Caenorhabditis elegans to urine after surgical removal of cancer: Nematode-NOSE (N-NOSE) for postoperative evaluation","volume":"11","author":"Kusumoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomarkers Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib281","article-title":"Accuracy evaluation of the C. elegans cancer test (N-NOSE) using a new combined method","volume":"27","author":"Inaba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Res Commun"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.28035","article-title":"Scent test using Caenorhabditis elegans to screen for early-stage pancreatic cancer","volume":"12","author":"Asai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001814","article-title":"Caenorhabditis elegans as a diagnostic aid for pancreatic cancer","volume":"50","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib279","first-page":"3","article-title":"Sniffing cancer: will the fruit fly beat the dog?","volume":"15","author":"L\u00fcdke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemosense"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3576","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03576","article-title":"More than apples and oranges--detecting cancer with a fruit fly's antenna","volume":"4","author":"Strauch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2020.04.004","article-title":"Can mice be trained to discriminate urine odor of conspecifics with melanoma before clinical symptoms appear?","volume":"39","author":"Kokoci\u0144ska-Kusiak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vet Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15355-z","article-title":"Sniffer mice discriminate urine odours of patients with bladder cancer: a proof-of-principle study for non-invasive diagnosis of cancer-induced odours","volume":"7","author":"Sato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135877","article-title":"Evaluation of giant African pouched rats for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients from a high-endemic setting","volume":"10","author":"Reither","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2347-3","article-title":"Reproducibility of African giant pouched rats detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"17","author":"Ellis","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.169532.113","article-title":"Extreme expansion of the olfactory receptor gene repertoire in African elephants and evolutionary dynamics of orthologous gene groups in 13 placental mammals","volume":"24","author":"Niimura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81086-x","article-title":"Rats sniff out pulmonary tuberculosis from sputum: a diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Kanaan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2017.05.015","article-title":"Tuberculosis detection by pouched rats: opportunities for reinforcement under low-prevalence conditions","volume":"155","author":"Edwards","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Process."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib295","article-title":"A novel urine test biosensor platform for early lung cancer detection","volume":"13","author":"Wiesel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2018.40","article-title":"Pediatric tuberculosis detection using trained African giant pouched rats","volume":"84","author":"Mgode","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01199-11","article-title":"Diagnosis of tuberculosis by trained African giant pouched rats and confounding impact of pathogens and microflora of the respiratory tract","volume":"50","author":"Mgode","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03392234","article-title":"Tuberculosis detection by giant African pounched rats","volume":"34","author":"Poling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Anal."},{"issue":"3429","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib277","first-page":"46","article-title":"The truth about cats new scientist","volume":"257","author":"Marshall","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2017.09.006","article-title":"Advancement of sensitive sniffer bee technology","volume":"97","author":"Hadagali","year":"2017","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib284","series-title":"Chemosenroy Sensors and Systems: Evolutionary Significance, Biological Effects and New Insights","first-page":"127","article-title":"A review of modern olfactometry, equipment and applications","author":"Hayes","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.10.079","article-title":"An epithelium is not just an epithelium: effects of Na, Cl, and pH on olfaction and\/or copper-induced olfactory deficits","volume":"216","author":"Lari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib297","first-page":"531","article-title":"Age-related changes in olfactory system of dogs. Neuropath","volume":"22","author":"Hirai","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjs083","article-title":"Variability of affective responses to odors: culture, gender, and olfactory knowledge","volume":"38","author":"Ferdenzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib299","first-page":"355","volume":"3575","author":"Waggoner","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(03)00051-0","article-title":"Domination of olfaction over vision in explosives detection by dogs","volume":"82","author":"Gazit","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2024.1367669","article-title":"A canine model to evaluate the effect of exercise intensity and duration on olfactory detection limits: the running nose","volume":"5","author":"Aviles-Rosa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Allergy"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306817","article-title":"Environmental effects on explosive detection threshold of domestic dogs","volume":"19","author":"Fernandez","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6505700","article-title":"Smell identification ability: changes with age","volume":"226","author":"Doty","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-12537-7","article-title":"Exhaled VOC detection in lung cancer screening: a comprehensive meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8185","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-022-4459-3","article-title":"Volatolomics in healthcare and its advanced detection technology","volume":"15","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082613","article-title":"Application of electronic-nose technologies and VOC-biomarkers for the noninvasive early diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases (dagger)","volume":"18","author":"Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116466","article-title":"Precision detection of select human lung cancer biomarkers and cell lines using honeybee olfactory neural circuitry as a novel gas sensor","volume":"261","author":"Parnas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7276","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13237276","article-title":"Perspectives of quantitative GC-MS, LC-MS, and ICP-MS in the clinical medicine science- the role of analytical chemisty","volume":"13","author":"Tsikas","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"115","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114783","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA24414A","article-title":"VOCC: a database of volatile organic compounds in cancer","volume":"6","author":"Agarwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"203","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib310","article-title":"A clinical breathomics dataset","volume":"11","author":"Kuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e132","DOI":"10.1309\/LMMHGYKY7LIUEEQ6","article-title":"Barriers to the introduction of new medical diagnostic tests","volume":"44","author":"Ivanov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RA117","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.881756","article-title":"Current medical research with the application of coupled techniques with mass spectrometry","volume":"17","author":"Ka\u0142u\u017cna-Czapli\u0144ska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910236","article-title":"Human biomonitoring of environmental and occupational exposures by GC-MS and gas sensor systems: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Longo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib314","article-title":"GC-MS-based metabolomics of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath: applications in health and disease. A review","volume":"10","author":"Bajo-Fernandez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2019.112817","article-title":"Current application and potential use of GC x GC in the pharmaceutical and biomedical field","volume":"176","author":"Aspromonte","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202500086","DOI":"10.1002\/aidi.202500086","article-title":"Identification of exhaled volatile organic compounds biomarkers for lung cancer under data\u2010limited conditions using data augmentation and multi\u2010view feature selection","volume":"2","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Int. Discov."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2024.110301","article-title":"Tedlar bag free: accurate volatolomics of \u2160A stage non-small cell lung cancer come out in wash","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666171004164636","article-title":"Electronic noses in medical diagnostics","volume":"26","author":"Wojnowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.31763\/ijrcs.v3i3.1091","article-title":"Future potential of e-nose technology: a review","volume":"3","author":"Furizal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Robot Control Syst"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20460","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3302868","article-title":"Recognition algorithms in e-nose: a review","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.155894","article-title":"Bio-inspired electronic sensors for healthcare applications","volume":"499","author":"Pal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-023-00640-7","article-title":"Smelling the disease: diagnostic potential of breath analysis","volume":"27","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Diagn. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12040776","article-title":"An experimental apparatus for e-nose breath analysis in respiratory failure patients","volume":"12","author":"Bax","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.19372","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of electronic noses in cancer diagnoses using exhaled breath","volume":"5","author":"Scheepers","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4506","DOI":"10.3390\/app14114506","article-title":"Advancements and prospects of electronic nose in various applications: a comprehensive review","volume":"14","author":"Rabehi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10987","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201500153","article-title":"Hybrid volatolomics and disease detection","volume":"54","author":"Broza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2016.08.040","article-title":"Recent advances in engineered graphene and composites for detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and non-invasive diseases diagnosis","volume":"110","author":"Tripathi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041598","article-title":"On-site detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)","volume":"28","author":"Epping","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-024-02180-5","article-title":"The human volatilome meets cancer diagnostics: past, present and future of noninvasive applications","volume":"20","author":"Barbosa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2009.133","article-title":"Determination of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath of patients with lung cancer using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry","volume":"47","author":"Ligor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2007.12.023","article-title":"Human olfactory detection of homologous n-alcohols measured via concentration-response functions","volume":"89","author":"Cometto-Mu\u00f1iz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib332","article-title":"Breath VOC analysis and machine learning approaches for disease screening: a review","volume":"17","author":"Haripriya","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Breath Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib333","first-page":"62","volume":"vol. 9","author":"Rust","year":"2018"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2011.03.011","article-title":"Analysis of biogenic volatile organic compounds in human health and disease","volume":"30","author":"Dummer","year":"2011","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib335","series-title":"Understanding Medical Tests and Test Results MSD Manual Professional Edition [Online]","author":"Mandell","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib336","series-title":"Clinical Decision Making MSD Manual Professional Edition [Online]","article-title":"Economic analysis","author":"Mandell","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib337","series-title":"Clinical decision-making Strategies","author":"Mandell","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19970515)16:9<981::AID-SIM510>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Variation of sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios and predictive values with disease prevalence","volume":"16","author":"Brenner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.00180.x","article-title":"Understanding diagnostic tests 1: sensitivity, specificity and predictive values","volume":"96","author":"Akobeng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib340","series-title":"The Science of Olfaction","first-page":"279","article-title":"Techniques in the quantitative study of human olfaction","author":"Cain","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib341","volume":"2017","author":"Fisher","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib342","unstructured":"Gadbois, S. and C. Reeve, The Semiotic Canine: Scent Processing Dogs as Research Assistants in Biodemical and Environmental Research."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib343","series-title":"The Perception of Complex Odour Mixtures in School of Food Sciences","author":"Jinks","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/20.6.645","article-title":"A study of the test-retest reliability of ten olfactory tests","volume":"20","author":"Doty","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e6572","article-title":"Stop the silent misdiagnosis: patients' preferences matter","volume":"345","author":"Mulley","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199601000-00004","article-title":"Misdiagnosis at a university hospital in 4 medical eras","volume":"75","author":"Kirch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2015.248146","article-title":"Effectiv use of mass spectrometry in the clinical laboratory","volume":"62","author":"Jannetto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108214","article-title":"The use of gas chromatography combined with chemical and sensory analysis to evaluate nuisance odours in the air and water environment","volume":"180","author":"Hayes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1800606","article-title":"Accessibility of medical diagnostic equipment - implications for people with disability","volume":"378","author":"Iezzoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-0971","article-title":"Factors associated with rates of false-positive and false-negative results from digital mammography screening: an analysis of registry data","volume":"164","author":"Nelson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib351","series-title":"Non-Invasive Instrumentation and Measurement in Medical Diagnosis R","first-page":"21","article-title":"Introduction to noninvasive medical measurements","author":"Northrop","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-07467-8","article-title":"The contribution of benchmarking to quality improvement in healthcare. A systematic literature review","volume":"22","author":"Willmington","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2020-012456","article-title":"Improving diagnostic performance through feedback: the diagnosis learning cycle","volume":"30","author":"Branson","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Qual. Saf."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjs141","article-title":"Odor classification: a review of factors influencing perception-based odor arrangements","volume":"38","author":"Kaeppler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691620966791","article-title":"Ecological validity and \"ecological validity\"","volume":"16","author":"Kihlstrom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/22.5.565","article-title":"Studies of human olfaction from the university of Pennsylvania smell and taste center","volume":"22","author":"Doty","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256_bib357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.09.066","article-title":"Human olfactory psychophysics","volume":"14","author":"Keller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."}],"container-title":["Talanta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039914026009124?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039914026009124?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:33:09Z","timestamp":1788827589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0039914026009124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":357,"alternative-id":["S0039914026009124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-9140"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-9140","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Olfaction as a diagnostic instrument - a review of current, and future medical applications","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Talanta","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2026.130256","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"130256"}}