{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T18:48:06Z","timestamp":1761850086424,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/04534-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/04534-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Topics in Companion Animal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T02:07:07Z","timestamp":1679882827000},"page":"100775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dexmedetomidine Alone or Combined With Morphine for Epidural Anesthesia in Bitches Undergoing Elective Ovariohysterectomy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53-54","author":[{"given":"Andressa R.","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isadora G.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabela M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo H.","family":"Juli\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz B.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Talita F.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos C.","family":"Sant'Anna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caio J.X.","family":"Abimussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3866-1886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz P.","family":"Floriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(02)00241-1","article-title":"The management of animal pain: where have we been, where are we now, and where are we going","volume":"165","author":"Short","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2006.02021.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic guidance in pediatric regional anesthesia","volume":"16","author":"Roberts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-00115550-200811000-00002","article-title":"A pre-emptive multimodal pathway featuring peripheral nerve block improves perioperative outcomes after major orthopedic surgery","volume":"33","author":"Hebl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00265.x","article-title":"Epidural anesthesia lignocaine, bupivacaine or a mixture of lignocaine and bupivacaine in dogs","volume":"24","author":"Cruz","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Vet Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0005","first-page":"1313","article-title":"The Acute Toxicity of Local Anesthetics. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol","author":"Mather","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lumb and Jones\u2019 Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0006","first-page":"134","article-title":"Uso da lidoca\u00edna isolada ou associada \u00e0 quetamina ou ao butorfanol, em anestesia epidural em cadelas submetidas \u00e0 ovariossalpingohisterectomia","volume":"9","author":"Ishiy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ci\u00eanc Vet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-84782007000200019","article-title":"Anestesia epidural com ropivaca\u00edna, lidoca\u00edna ou associa\u00e7\u00e3o de lidoca\u00edna e xilazina em c\u00e3es. Efeitos cardiorrespirat\u00f3rio e analg\u00e9sico","volume":"37","author":"Gasparini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ci\u00eanc Rural"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0008","first-page":"361","article-title":"End tidal halothane concetration and postoperative analgesia requirements in dogs: A comparison between intravenous oxymorphone and epidural bupivacaine alone and in combination with oxymorphone","volume":"39","author":"Torske","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can J Vet Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0009","series-title":"World Congress Of Veterinary Anaesthesia. Proceedings.... Berne: ECVA","first-page":"77","article-title":"Prolonged postsurgical analgesia: effects epidural fentanyl infusion in dogs","author":"Popilskis","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(08)70005-6","article-title":"Opioids analgesics","volume":"30","author":"Pascoe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0011","first-page":"111","article-title":"Ropivaca\u00edna isolada ou associada a morfina, butorfanol ou tramadol pela via peridural em cadelas para realiza\u00e7\u00e3o de ovariossalpingohisterectomia","volume":"20","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterin\u00e1rio Zootec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0012","series-title":"Lumb and Jones\u2019 Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia","first-page":"40","article-title":"Perioperative Pain and Distress","author":"Thurmon","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0013","first-page":"12","article-title":"Uso de novos f\u00e1rmacos no espa\u00e7o epidural: aplica\u00e7\u00f5es cl\u00ednicas","volume":"86","author":"Luna","year":"1999","journal-title":"C\u00e3es & Gatos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2000.0528","article-title":"Epidural analgesia in dog and cat","volume":"161","author":"Jones","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199409000-00022","article-title":"Potentiation of the analgesic properties of fentanyl-like opioids with alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists in rats","volume":"81","author":"Meert","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0016","unstructured":"Souza, SS Efeitos da dexmedetomidina, por via epidural ou infus\u00e3o cont\u00ednua intravenosa, em gatas anestesiadas com propofol e isofluorano e submetidas a ovariossalpingohisterectomia. 2006. 140f. Disserta\u00e7\u00e3o (Mestrado em Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria) \u2013 Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, USP, 2006."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.12.1308","article-title":"Effects of epidural administration of dexmedetomidine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs","volume":"68","author":"Campagnol","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2018.11.003","article-title":"Effect of levobupivacaine, administered intraperitoneally, on physiological variables and on intrasurgery and postsurgery pain in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy","volume":"30","author":"Costa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0019","first-page":"791","article-title":"Dexmedetomidina epidural em gatas submetidas \u00e0 ovariosalpingohisterectomia sob anestesia total intravenosa com propofol e pr\u00e9-medica\u00e7\u00e3o com cetamina S(+) e midazolam","volume":"38","author":"Dorigon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia Rural"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0020","first-page":"215","article-title":"Epidural anesthesia and postoperatory analgesia with alpha-2 adrenergic agonists and lidocaine for ovariohysterectomy in bitches","volume":"76","author":"Pohl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4162-10244","article-title":"Different rates of tramadol infusion for peri and postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery","volume":"71","author":"Oliva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-84782000000500015","article-title":"Anestesia por infus\u00e3o cont\u00ednua de propofol em c\u00e3es pr\u00e9-medicados com acepromazina e fentanil","volume":"30","author":"Pires","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ci\u00eanc Rural"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.2154","article-title":"Application of a scaling model to establish and validate an interval level pain scale for assessment of acute pain in dogs","volume":"66","author":"Morton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0024","unstructured":"GRAPHPAD prism 6.01. Graphpad software inc., 2012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0025","first-page":"400","article-title":"Antinociception by epidural and systemic alpha (2) -adrenoceptor agonists and their binding affinity in rat spinal cord and brain","volume":"90","author":"Asano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-09352002000400009","article-title":"Inje\u00e7\u00e3o epidural de morfina ou cetamina em c\u00e3es: Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o do efeito analg\u00e9sico pelo emprego de filamentos de von Frey","volume":"54","author":"Valad\u00e3o","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.01.018","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of the effects of a combination of acepromazine with morphine and midazolam on sedation, cardiovascular variables and the propofol dose requirements for induction of anesthesia in dogs","volume":"200","author":"Monteiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.07.004","article-title":"Effect of dexmedetomidine on the minimuminfusion rate of propofol preventing movementin dogs","volume":"44","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2016.01.015","article-title":"Comparison of sedation scores and propofol induction doses in dogs after intramuscular administration of dexmedetomidine alone or in combination with methadone, midazolam, or methadone plus midazolam","volume":"210","author":"Canfr\u00e1n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12273","article-title":"Comparison of anesthesia with a morphine\u2013lidocaine\u2013 ketamine infusion or a morphine\u2013lidocaine epidural on time to extubation in dogs","volume":"43","author":"Wendt-Hornickle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-84782009005000102","article-title":"Anestesia intravenosa total utilizando propofol ou propofol\/cetamina em cadelas submetidas \u00e0 ovariossalpingohisterectomia","volume":"39","author":"Gasparini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia Rural"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-70942002000500012","article-title":"Dexmedetomidina: farmacologia e uso cl\u00ednico","volume":"52","author":"Bagatini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Bras Anestesiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-70942003000100013","article-title":"Uso de dexmedetomidina em anestesiologia","volume":"53","author":"Villela","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Bras Anest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4162-10536","article-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da anestesia epidural com lidoca\u00edna associada ao tramadol ou \u00e0 dexmedetomidina, em gatas submetidas \u00e0 ovariosalpingohisterectomia, anestesiadas com propofol","volume":"71","author":"Sande","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0035","series-title":"Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia: The Fifth Edition of Lumb and Jones.","first-page":"86","article-title":"Monitoring Anesthetized Patients","author":"Haskins","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0036","first-page":"885","article-title":"A review of the physiological effects of alpha2-agonists related to the clinical use of medetomidine in small animal practice","volume":"44","author":"Sinclair","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2008.12.008","article-title":"Evaluation of cardiorespiratory effects of combinations of dexmedetomidine and atropine in cats","volume":"11","author":"Monteiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.7.1103","article-title":"Evaluation of epidural administration of morphine or morphine and bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia after premedication with na opioid analgesic and orthopedic surgery in dogs","volume":"229","author":"Kona-Boun","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0039","series-title":"Lumb and Jones\u2019 Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia","first-page":"426","article-title":"Local and Regional Anesthesic and Analgesic Techniques: Dogs","author":"Skarda","year":"1996"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-8650201500300000010","article-title":"Effects of ropivacaine combined with morphine at 0.15 and 0.2 mg kg-1 in bitches undergoing epidural anesthesia1","volume":"30","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Cir Bras."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1988.49.01.115","article-title":"Spinal nerve root origins of the cutaneous nerves of the canine pelvic limb","volume":"49","author":"Bailey","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"}],"container-title":["Topics in Companion Animal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1938973623000168?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1938973623000168?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T18:40:11Z","timestamp":1761849611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1938973623000168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S1938973623000168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775","relation":{},"ISSN":["1938-9736"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1938-9736"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dexmedetomidine Alone or Combined With Morphine for Epidural Anesthesia in Bitches Undergoing Elective Ovariohysterectomy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Topics in Companion Animal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcam.2023.100775","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100775"}}