{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T21:19:12Z","timestamp":1778707152887,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008418","name":"Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"India Ministry of Science & Technology Department of Biotechnology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/ADV\/Canine Health\/TANUVAS\/2017\\u201318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/ADV\/Canine Health\/TANUVAS\/2017\\u201318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Topics in Companion Animal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T01:22:50Z","timestamp":1755825770000},"page":"101009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prevalence and molecular characterization of Trypanosoma evansi infections in dogs using RoTat 1.2 VSG gene from Punjab state, India"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Harkirat","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1709-4480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harkirat","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Jyoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nirbhay K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/321237","article-title":"Trypanosoma evansi and surra: a review and perspectives on transmission, epidemiology and control, impact, and zoonotic aspects","author":"Desquesnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.491","article-title":"Human trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi in India: the first case report","volume":"73","author":"Joshi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02253","article-title":"Salivarian trypanosomosis: a review of parasites involved their global distribution and their interaction with the innate and adaptive mammalian host immune system","volume":"9","author":"Radwanska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2015004","article-title":"First report of surra (Trypanosoma evansi infection) in a Tunisian dog","volume":"22","author":"Rjeibi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"First report of Trypanosoma evansi in a canine in Argentina","volume":"6","author":"Bono Battistoni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Rep"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.02.007","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis and phylogeographic analysis of Trypanosoma evansi in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) suggest an epidemiological importance of this species in Colombia","volume":"139","author":"Jaimes-Due\u00f1ez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2020.102198","article-title":"A case of Trypanosoma evansi in a German Shepherd dog in Vietnam","volume":"80","author":"Bui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0008","first-page":"144","article-title":"Fatal atypical case of canine trypanosomosis","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Canine Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0009","first-page":"89","article-title":"Trypanosoma evansi in camels, donkeys and dogs in India: comparison of PCR and light microscopy for detection - short communication","volume":"78","author":"Ravindran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Arh"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0010","first-page":"76","article-title":"Prevalence of canine parasitic infections","volume":"88","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0011","first-page":"108","article-title":"Occurrence of parasitic infections in dogs in and around Ludhiana","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Punjab. Appl Biol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8030356","article-title":"New molecular approach for the detection of kinetoplastida parasites of medical and veterinary interest","volume":"8","author":"Medkour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1002-3","article-title":"Parasitological serological and molecular survey of Trypanosoma evansi infection in dromedary camels from Cholistan Desert, Pakistan","volume":"8","author":"Tehseen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0014","article-title":"Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosoma evansi from Northern India based on 18S ribosomal gene","volume":"15","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-3121-5","article-title":"Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosoma evansi in Iranian dromedary camels","volume":"112","author":"Pourjafar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-020-00273-4","article-title":"Associative genetic diversity of RoTat 1.2 VSG in different Trypanosoma evansi isolates","volume":"66","author":"Gaur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Parasit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0017","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of (Rotat 1.2-PCR) assays for identifying Egyptian Trypanosoma evansi DNA","volume":"3","author":"Abou El-Naga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol Glob"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.105935","article-title":"Molecular detection of Trypanosoma evansi in dogs from India and Southeast Asia","volume":"220","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.08.028","article-title":"Evaluation of multiplex PCR assay for detection of Babesia spp., Ehrlichia canis and Trypanosoma evansi in dogs","volume":"188","author":"Azhahianambi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7347","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-08651-7","article-title":"Molecular and genetic diversity in isolates of Trypanosoma evansi from naturally infected horse and dogs by using RoTat 1.2 VSG gene in Madhya Pradesh, India","volume":"50","author":"Verma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0021","series-title":"Diagnostic Veterinary Parasitology: An Introduction","first-page":"30","author":"Juyal","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.11.016","article-title":"Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of Hepatozoon canis infection in dogs","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2011.10.002","article-title":"Molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale infection in carrier cattle","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.06.039","article-title":"Multiplex real-time qPCR for the detection of Ehrlichia canis and Babesia canis vogeli","volume":"173","author":"Peleg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0025","first-page":"266","article-title":"A simplified and highly sensitive detection of Trypanosoma evansi by DNA amplification","volume":"25","author":"Wuyts","year":"1994","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101937","article-title":"Development and validation of multiplex SYBR Green real-time PCR assays for detection and molecular surveillance of four tick-borne canine haemoparasites","volume":"13","author":"Padmaja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/741785","article-title":"Canine babesiosis in Northwestern India: Molecular detection and assessment of risk factors","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00412-5","article-title":"General expression of RoTat 1.2 variable antigen type in Trypanosoma evansi isolates from different origin","volume":"97","author":"Verloo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2018.10.004","article-title":"Maintenance of Trypanosoma cruzi, T. evansi and Leishmania spp. by domestic dogs and wild mammals in a rural settlement in Brazil-Bolivian border","volume":"7","author":"Porfirio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasit Wildl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3844\/ajavsp.2022.180.186","article-title":"Understanding the epidemiology of Trypanosoma evansi infection in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) from urban areas of Colombia","volume":"17","author":"Jaimes-Due\u00f1ez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Anim Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e658","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000658","article-title":"The genome sequence of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, causative agent of chronic human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"4","author":"Jackson","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005895","article-title":"Multiple evolutionary origins of Trypanosoma evansi in Kenya","volume":"11","author":"Kamidi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.24099\/vet.arhiv.1004","article-title":"Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosoma evansi in dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius) from Iran","volume":"91","author":"Bahrami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Arh"}],"container-title":["Topics in Companion Animal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1938973625000625?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1938973625000625?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T14:52:30Z","timestamp":1772895150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1938973625000625"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S1938973625000625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1938-9736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1938-9736","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence and molecular characterization of Trypanosoma evansi infections in dogs using RoTat 1.2 VSG gene from Punjab state, India","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Topics in Companion Animal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.101009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101009"}}