{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:48:18Z","timestamp":1790768898031,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["tcmonline.org","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,11]],"date-time":"2015-04-11T13:42:44Z","timestamp":1428759764000},"page":"46-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Cardiovascular adaptation in athletes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron L.","family":"Baggish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.12.033","article-title":"Sports and exercise cardiology in the United States: cardiovascular specialists as members of the athlete healthcare team","volume":"63","author":"Lawless","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-82-4-521","article-title":"Comparative left ventricular dimensions in trained athletes","volume":"82","author":"Morganroth","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.02.015","article-title":"Task Force 8: classification of sports","volume":"45","author":"Mitchell","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.981571","article-title":"Athlete\u05f3s heart and cardiovascular care of the athlete: scientific and clinical update","volume":"123","author":"Baggish","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.58.3.785","article-title":"Arterial blood pressure response to heavy resistance exercise","volume":"58","author":"MacDougall","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S72","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-198900076-00032","article-title":"Blood pressure changes during heavy-resistance exercise","volume":"7","author":"Palatini","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Hypertens Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.1.150","article-title":"Left ventricular wall stress during leg-press exercise performed with a brief Valsalva maneuver","volume":"119","author":"Haykowsky","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-1-199901050-00005","article-title":"Physiologic left ventricular cavity dilatation in elite athletes","volume":"130","author":"Pelliccia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02270-2","article-title":"Physiologic limits of left ventricular hypertrophy in elite junior athletes: relevance to differential diagnosis of athlete\u05f3s heart and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"40","author":"Sharma","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(02)00194-8","article-title":"Association between left ventricular structure and cardiac performance during effort in two morphological forms of athlete\u05f3s heart","volume":"86","author":"D\u05f3Andrea","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01170.2007","article-title":"Training-specific changes in cardiac structure and function: a prospective and longitudinal assessment of competitive athletes","volume":"104","author":"Baggish","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.3.336","article-title":"The athlete\u05f3s heart. A meta-analysis of cardiac structure and function","volume":"101","author":"Pluim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib13","first-page":"H1109","article-title":"The impact of endurance exercise training on left ventricular systolic mechanics","volume":"295","author":"Baggish","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181c81604","article-title":"Differences in cardiac parameters among elite rowers and subelite rowers","volume":"42","author":"Baggish","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003522","article-title":"Blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy during American-style football participation","volume":"128","author":"Weiner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2011.11.017","article-title":"The right ventricle of the endurance athlete: the relationship between morphology and deformation","volume":"25","author":"Oxborough","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.06.058","article-title":"Range of right heart measurements in top-level athletes: the training impact","volume":"164","author":"D\u05f3Andrea","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2011.11.023","article-title":"Exercise strain rate imaging demonstrates normal right ventricular contractile reserve and clarifies ambiguous resting measures in endurance athletes","volume":"25","author":"La Gerche","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2012.07.020","article-title":"Right ventricular morphology and function in top-level athletes: a three-dimensional echocardiographic study","volume":"25","author":"D\u05f3Andrea","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5443","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.217125","article-title":"A prospective randomised longitudinal MRI study of left ventricular adaptation to endurance and resistance exercise training in humans","volume":"589","author":"Spence","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2010.08.003","article-title":"The impact of endurance exercise training on left ventricular torsion","volume":"3","author":"Weiner","year":"2010","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.02.057","article-title":"Serial left ventricular adaptations in world-class professional cyclists: implications for disease screening and follow-up","volume":"44","author":"Abergel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.69.2.125","article-title":"Reduction in left ventricular wall thickness after deconditioning in highly trained Olympic athletes","volume":"69","author":"Maron","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0802.104534","article-title":"Remodeling of left ventricular hypertrophy in elite athletes after long-term deconditioning","volume":"105","author":"Pelliccia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.01.057","article-title":"Regression of \u201cgray zone\u201d exercise-induced concentric left ventricular hypertrophy during prescribed detraining","volume":"59","author":"Weiner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp473","article-title":"Recommendations for interpretation of 12-lead electrocardiogram in the athlete","volume":"31","author":"Corrado","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-092068","article-title":"Normal electrocardiographic findings: recognising physiological adaptations in athletes","volume":"47","author":"Drezner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006179","article-title":"Comparison of electrocardiographic criteria for the detection of cardiac abnormalities in elite black and white athletes","volume":"129","author":"Sheikh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/26.7.713","article-title":"Neural regulation of heart rate variability in endurance athletes and sedentary controls","volume":"26","author":"Dixon","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198507043130106","article-title":"The athletic heart syndrome","volume":"313","author":"Huston","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm404","article-title":"Prevalence and significance of an isolated long QT interval in elite athletes","volume":"28","author":"Basavarajaiah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.04.133","article-title":"New age- and sex-specific criteria for QT prolongation based on rate correction formulas that minimize bias at the upper normal limits","volume":"174","author":"Rautaharju","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.962852","article-title":"Early repolarization pattern in competitive athletes: clinical correlates and the effects of exercise training","volume":"4","author":"Noseworthy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.44.3.378","article-title":"Acetylcholine antagonism of the electrophysiological effects of isoproterenol on canine cardiac Purkinje fibers","volume":"44","author":"Bailey","year":"1979","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2008.00235.x","article-title":"Ionic mechanisms and vectorial model of early repolarization pattern in the surface electrocardiogram of the athlete","volume":"13","author":"Barbosa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2013.12118.x","article-title":"The lifetime prevalence of anabolic-androgenic steroid use and dependence in Americans: current best estimates","volume":"23","author":"Pope","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.10.026","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of androgenic anabolic steroids in male bodybuilders determined by tissue Doppler imaging","volume":"97","author":"Nottin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.030171","article-title":"Left ventricular early myocardial dysfunction after chronic misuse of anabolic androgenic steroids: a Doppler myocardial and strain imaging analysis","volume":"41","author":"D\u05f3Andrea","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.931063","article-title":"Long-term anabolic-androgenic steroid use is associated with left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"3","author":"Baggish","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.06.003","article-title":"Cardiac imaging and stress testing asymptomatic athletes to identify those at risk of sudden cardiac death","volume":"6","author":"La Gerche","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.02.006","article-title":"Introduction: eligibility recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities-general considerations","volume":"45","author":"Maron","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185649","article-title":"Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association","volume":"116","author":"Haskell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050173815001188?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050173815001188?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T22:49:11Z","timestamp":1651704551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1050173815001188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1050173815001188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-1738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-1738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cardiovascular adaptation in athletes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcm.2015.04.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}