{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T17:31:31Z","timestamp":1790443891358,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T19:23:42Z","timestamp":1615317822000},"page":"172-177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Cardiovascular pathophysiology from the cardioneural perspective and its clinical applications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Amit J.","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Wittbrodt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Douglas","family":"Bremner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"Vaccarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.015293","article-title":"Coronary heart disease mortality declines in the United States from 1979 through 2011 clinical perspective","volume":"132","author":"Wilmot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10161","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31948-2","article-title":"Depression","volume":"392","author":"Malhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.2630","article-title":"Validation of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Pooled Cohort risk equations","volume":"311","author":"Muntner","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1586\/14737167.4.2.159","article-title":"Patient recall and recall bias of health state and health status","volume":"4","author":"Schmier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.21.2334","article-title":"Sudden cardiac death","volume":"98","author":"Zipes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9438","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17019-0","article-title":"Association of psychosocial risk factors with risk of acute myocardial infarction in 11119 cases and 13648 controls from 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study","volume":"364","author":"Rosengren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2015.27","article-title":"Effects of heart rate variability biofeedback on cardiovascular responses and autonomic sympathovagal modulation following stressor tasks in prehypertensives","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.02.003","article-title":"The hierarchical basis of neurovisceral integration","volume":"75","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1866","article-title":"(18) F-FDG PET\/CT brain glucose metabolism as a marker of different types of depression comorbidity in chronic heart failure patients with impaired systolic function","author":"Lyra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199702)247:2<289::AID-AR15>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Gross and microscopic anatomy of the human intrinsic cardiac nervous system","volume":"247","author":"Armour","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-2190(00)00013-5","article-title":"Changes in heart transplant recipients that parallel the personalities of their donors","volume":"2","author":"Pearsall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Integr Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271165","article-title":"Myocardial infarction induces structural and functional remodelling of the intrinsic cardiac nervous system","volume":"594","author":"Rajendran","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.02.014","article-title":"Functional anatomy of intrathoracic neurons innervating the atria and ventricles","volume":"7","author":"Armour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm: Off J Heart Rhythm Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.120.010710","article-title":"Association between mental stress-induced inferior frontal cortex activation and angina in coronary artery disease","volume":"13","author":"Moazzami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0015","first-page":"1751","article-title":"Myocardial ischaemia and the cardiac nervous system","volume":"16","author":"Armour","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3877","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271869","article-title":"Translational neurocardiology: preclinical models and cardioneural integrative aspects","volume":"594","author":"Ardell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.003998","article-title":"Acute coronary syndrome and suicide: a case-referent study","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0018","first-page":"501","article-title":"Interoception and mental health: a roadmap","volume":"3","author":"Khalsa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry: Cognit Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01623-2","article-title":"Pure autonomic failure in association with human \u03b1-synucleinopathy","volume":"296","author":"Arai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/84048","article-title":"Neuroanatomical basis for first- and second-order representations of bodily states","volume":"4","author":"Critchley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-0702(00)00215-0","article-title":"Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system","volume":"85","author":"Berthoud","year":"2000","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm10030119","article-title":"Application of noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation to stress-related psychiatric disorders","volume":"10","author":"Bremner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62272-1","article-title":"The central autonomic network: functional organization, dysfunction, and perspective","volume":"68","author":"Benarroch","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.15.030192.002033","article-title":"The role of the Amygdala in fear and anxiety","volume":"15","author":"Davis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S86","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.76.s2.17","article-title":"The polyvagal theory: new insights into adaptive reactions of the autonomic nervous system","volume":"76","author":"Porges","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.08.004","article-title":"Claude Bernard and the heart-brain connection: further elaboration of a model of neurovisceral integration","volume":"33","author":"Thayer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"10071","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31714-7","article-title":"Relation between resting amygdalar activity and cardiovascular events: a longitudinal and cohort study","volume":"389","author":"Tawakol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000597","article-title":"Brain correlates of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia","author":"Bremner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044442","article-title":"Higher activation of the rostromedial prefrontal cortex during mental stress predicts major cardiovascular disease events in individuals with coronary artery disease","author":"Moazzami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-020-02075-w","article-title":"Central autonomic network functional connectivity: correlation with baroreflex function and cardiovascular variability in older adults","volume":"225","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013104","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and blood pressure trajectories from childhood to young adulthood: the Georgia stress and Heart study","volume":"131","author":"Su","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.018","article-title":"Early childhood trauma alters neurological responses to mental stress in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"254","author":"Wittbrodt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.8.1140","article-title":"Cardiac denervation and cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stress","volume":"151","author":"Shapiro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009","article-title":"A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health","volume":"36","author":"Thayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.01.019","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder and impaired autonomic modulation in male twins","volume":"73","author":"Shah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0922","article-title":"Association of predeployment heart rate variability with risk of postdeployment posttraumatic stress disorder in active-duty marines","volume":"72","author":"Minassian","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.01.069","article-title":"Alterations in heart rate variability are associated with abnormal myocardial perfusion","volume":"305","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4893","DOI":"10.1113\/JP274269","article-title":"Baroreflex dysfunction and augmented sympathetic nerve responses during mental stress in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"595","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0039","first-page":"174","article-title":"Sympathetic nerve stimulation, not circulating norepinephrine, modulates t-peak to t-end interval by increasing global dispersion of repolarization","volume":"8","author":"Yagishita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circul: Arrhythmia Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216278","article-title":"Comparison of autonomic stress reactivity in young healthy versus aging subjects with heart disease","volume":"14","author":"Gurel","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.08.043","article-title":"Baroreflex sensitivity predicts long-term cardiovascular mortality after myocardial infarction even in patients with preserved left ventricular function","volume":"50","author":"De Ferrari","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2006.08.015","article-title":"Baroreflex mechanisms in major depression","volume":"31","author":"Davydov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Progr Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4893","DOI":"10.1113\/JP274269","article-title":"Baroreflex dysfunction and augmented sympathetic nerve responses during mental stress in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"595","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00467-4","article-title":"Usefulness of microvolt T-wave alternans for prediction of ventricular tachyarrhythmic events in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: results from a prospective observational study","volume":"41","author":"Hohnloser","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000249733.33811.00","article-title":"Heart Rate Turbulence, Depression, and Survival After Acute Myocardial Infarction","volume":"69","author":"Carney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.04.022","article-title":"Meta-analysis of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia and subsequent cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"114","author":"Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.10.004","article-title":"Inflammatory response to mental stress and mental stress induced myocardial ischemia","volume":"68","author":"Hammadah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00284","article-title":"Sympathetic regulation of vascular function in health and disease","volume":"3","author":"Bruno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.3252","article-title":"Association of transient endothelial dysfunction induced by mental stress with major adverse cardiovascular events in men and women with coronary artery disease","volume":"4","author":"Lima","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.315005","article-title":"Peripheral vasoconstriction during mental stress and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"125","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2005.11.189","article-title":"Sudarshan Kriya yogic breathing in the treatment of stress, anxiety, and depression: part I-neurophysiologic model","volume":"11","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"}],"container-title":["Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050173821000311?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050173821000311?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T05:01:17Z","timestamp":1760936477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1050173821000311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1050173821000311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-1738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-1738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cardiovascular pathophysiology from the cardioneural perspective and its clinical applications","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.03.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}