{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T23:14:08Z","timestamp":1770506048147,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]],"date-time":"2005-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,8]],"date-time":"2005-03-08T19:58:34Z","timestamp":1110311914000},"page":"108-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Low renin hypertensive states: perspectives, unsolved problems, future research"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Richard D.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Laragh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Funder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)93225-C","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism: hypertension with a genetic basis","volume":"340","author":"Gordon","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1993.tb01687.x","article-title":"Evidence that primary aldosteronism may not be uncommon \u2013 twelve percent incidence among antihypertensive drug trial volunteers","volume":"20","author":"Gordon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib3","first-page":"S310","article-title":"How common is primary aldosteronism? Is it the most frequent cause of curable hypertension?","volume":"11","author":"Gordon","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Hypertens. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1994.tb02519.x","article-title":"High incidence of primary aldosteronism in 199 patients referred with hypertension","volume":"21","author":"Gordon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib5","series-title":"Textbook of Hypertension","first-page":"865","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism and other forms of mineralocorticoid hypertension","author":"Gordon","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031337","article-title":"Increased diagnosis of primary aldosteronism, including surgically correctable forms, in centers from five continents","volume":"89","author":"Mulatero","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(98)00058-7","article-title":"Familial forms broaden horizons in primary aldosteronism","volume":"9","author":"Gordon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.27.5.1039","article-title":"Changes in left ventricular anatomy and function in hypertension and primary aldosteronism","volume":"27","author":"Rossi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sealey, J.E. et al. Plasma renin and aldosterone measurements in low renin hypertensive states. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. (in press)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200402000-00006","article-title":"The challenge of more robust and reproducible methodology in screening for primary aldosteronism","volume":"22","author":"Gordon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ten.0000139006.29471.9e","article-title":"The aldosterone\u2013renin ratio in screening for primary aldosteronism","volume":"14","author":"Stowasser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1960.03030030014003","article-title":"Hypotensive agents and pressor substances: the effect of epinephrine, norepinephrine, angiotensin II and others on the secretory rate of aldosterone in man","volume":"174","author":"Laragh","year":"1960","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib13","series-title":"Essential Hypertension","first-page":"126","article-title":"Adrenocortical function in essential hypertension","author":"Genest","year":"1960"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1960.63030030007014","article-title":"The role of aldosterone in man: evidence for regulation of electrolyte balance and arterial pressure by a renal\u2013adrenal system which may be involved in malignant hypertension","volume":"174","author":"Laragh","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(73)90128-9","article-title":"Vasoconstriction\u2013volume analysis for understanding and treating hypertension: the use of renin and aldosterone profiles","volume":"55","author":"Laragh","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90250-X","article-title":"Liddle's syndrome: heritable human hypertension caused by mutations in the \u03b2 subunit of the epithelial sodium channel","volume":"79","author":"Shimkets","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.1970.19.4.287","article-title":"Hypertension and severe hyperkalemia associated with suppression of renin and aldosterone and completely reversed by dietary sodium restriction","volume":"19","author":"Gordon","year":"1970","journal-title":"Australas. Ann. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.8.2.93","article-title":"Syndrome of hypertension and hyperkalemia with normal glomerular filtration rate","volume":"8","author":"Gordon","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.242735399","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of inherited hypertension with hyperkalemia: the Na\u2013Cl-cotransporter is inhibited by wild-type but not mutant WNK4","volume":"100","author":"Wison","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17443","article-title":"WNK kinases regulate thiazide-sensitive Na\u2013Cl cotransport","volume":"111","author":"Yang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0995-6","article-title":"Heterogeneous hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Gordon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1027","article-title":"Liddle's syndrome caused by a novel mutation in the proline-rich PY motif of the epithelial sodium channel \u03b2 unit","volume":"90","author":"Furuhashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2001.03575.x","article-title":"Phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of familial hyperkalemic hypertension (Gordon syndrome)","volume":"28","author":"Achard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib24","first-page":"6","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism, a new clinical syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Conn","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib25","first-page":"257","article-title":"The evolution of primary aldosteronism: 1954\u20131967","volume":"62","author":"Conn","year":"1966","journal-title":"Harvey Lect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.141.12.1589","article-title":"A screening test to identify aldosterone-producing adenoma by measuring plasma renin activity","volume":"141","author":"Hiramatsu","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.3109\/10641969709083191","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism: a new understanding","volume":"19","author":"Gordon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900552","article-title":"Success of surgery in primary aldosteronism judged by residual autonomous aldosterone production","volume":"22","author":"Rutherford","year":"1998","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200405000-00001","article-title":"The current epidemic of primary aldosteronism: causes and consequences","volume":"22","author":"Kaplan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302004000500012","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism \u2013 actual epidemics or false alarm","volume":"48","author":"Gordon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arq. Braz. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01446.x","article-title":"Clinical and pathological diversity of primary aldosteronism, including a new familial variety","volume":"18","author":"Gordon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(01)80117-7","article-title":"Screening for primary aldosteronism without discontinuing hypertensive medications: plasma aldosterone\u2013renin ratio","volume":"37","author":"Gallay","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000040261.30455.B6","article-title":"Hyperaldosteronism among black and white subjects with resistant hypertension","volume":"40","author":"Calhoun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200411000-00026","article-title":"Low-renin status in therapy resistant hypertension \u2013 a clue to efficient treatment","volume":"22","author":"Eide","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa033263","article-title":"Serum aldosterone and the incidence of hypertension in non-hypertensive persons","volume":"351","author":"Vasan","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossi, G. et al. Aldosterone as a cardiovascular risk factor. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. (in press)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)93003-1","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid hypertension","volume":"344","author":"Gordon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)74868-6","article-title":"Research letter. Potentially high prevalence of primary aldosteronism in a primary-care population","volume":"353","author":"Lim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4221","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032179","article-title":"Aldosterone to renin ratio in a primary care setting: the Bussolengo study","volume":"89","author":"Olivieri","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4219","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1397","article-title":"Editorial: aldosterone\u2013renin ratios in the context of primary care","volume":"89","author":"Funder","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib41","series-title":"Adrenal Disorders","first-page":"355","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes","author":"Gordon","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000038478.59760.41","article-title":"Drug effects on aldosterone\/renin activity ratio in primary aldosteronism","volume":"40","author":"Mulatero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib43","series-title":"The Adrenal Glands: Diagnostic Aspects and Surgical Therapy","first-page":"115","article-title":"Overview of mineralocorticoid excess syndromes","author":"Gordon","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib44","first-page":"1109","article-title":"Hypertension, increased aldosterone secretion and low plasma renin activity relieved by dexamethasone","volume":"95","author":"Sutherland","year":"1966","journal-title":"Can. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/355262a0","article-title":"A chimaeric 11 \u03b2-hydroxylase\/aldosterone gene causes glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism and human hypertension","volume":"355","author":"Lifton","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1995.1225","article-title":"A new genetic test for familial hyperaldosteronism type l aids in the detection of curable hypertension","volume":"207","author":"Jonsson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(03)00112-7","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism: from genesis to genetics","volume":"14","author":"Stowasser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(94)00010-A","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism (GRA): diagnosis, variability of phenotype and regulation of potassium homeostasis","volume":"60","author":"Dluhy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib49","first-page":"S103","article-title":"Angiotensin-responsive aldosterone-producing adenoma masquerades as idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA: adrenal hyperplasia) or low-renin essential hypertension","volume":"5","author":"Gordon","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"issue":"Suppl. 6","key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib50","first-page":"S264","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism: implications of a new familial variety","volume":"9","author":"Stowasser","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Hypertens. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.9.3214","article-title":"Familial hyperaldosteronism type-II; description of a large kindred and exclusion of the aldosterone synthase (CYPllB2) gene","volume":"83","author":"Torpy","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.3.1046","article-title":"Linkage analysis of familial hyperaldosteronism type II \u2013 absence of linkage of the gene encoding the angiotensin II receptor type l","volume":"83","author":"Torpy","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.37.11.831","article-title":"A novel locus for low-renin hypertension: familial hyperaldosteronism type II maps to chromosome 7 (7p22)","volume":"37","author":"Lafferty","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib54","unstructured":"So, A. et al. (2004) Familial hyperaldosteronism type II (FH-II): further evidence for linkage at chromosome 7p22 but also for the predicted genetic heterogeneity. Abstract 1373, Australian Health and Medical Research Congress, Sydney, November 21\u201326. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. (in press)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib55","series-title":"Adrenal Disorders","first-page":"283","article-title":"Micronodular adrenal disease and the syndrome of myxomas, spotty skin pigmentation, and endocrine overactivity","author":"Stratakis","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02155.x","article-title":"Genomic structure of the human gene for protein kinase A regulatory subunit Rl-\u03b2 (PRKARlB) on 7p22: no evidence for mutations in familial hyperaldosteronism type II in a large affected kindred","volume":"61","author":"Elphinstone","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220926","article-title":"Early inflammatory responses in experimental cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis: effects of 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inactivation","volume":"144","author":"Young","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001","article-title":"The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure","volume":"341","author":"Pitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030207","article-title":"Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction","volume":"348","author":"Pitt","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2004.03.006","article-title":"Is aldosterone bad for the heart?","volume":"15","author":"Funder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5476.119","article-title":"Activating mineralocorticoid receptor mutation in hypertension exacerbated by pregnancy","volume":"289","author":"Geller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04416.x","article-title":"Familial\/sporadic glucocorticoid resistance syndrome and hypertension","volume":"970","author":"Kino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."}],"container-title":["Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043276005000330?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043276005000330?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,2]],"date-time":"2019-02-02T21:10:41Z","timestamp":1549141841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043276005000330"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1043276005000330"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-2760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-2760","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}}}