{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:20:30Z","timestamp":1791555630394,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trends in Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,12]],"date-time":"2009-12-12T11:17:01Z","timestamp":1260616621000},"page":"230-236","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Novel neural pathways for metabolic effects of thyroid hormone"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Fliers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars P.","family":"Klieverik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andries","family":"Kalsbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib1","series-title":"The Thyroid and the Autonomic Nervous System","author":"Leak","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(76)90126-8","article-title":"Plasma catecholamine concentrations in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism","volume":"25","author":"Coulombe","year":"1976","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-42-1-125","article-title":"Catecholamine metabolism in thyroid diseases. I. Epinephrine secretion rate in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism","volume":"42","author":"Coulombe","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5848","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.12.5848","article-title":"Food choice in hyperthyroidism: potential influence of the autonomic nervous system and brain serotonin precursor availability","volume":"86","author":"Pijl","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0080","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system function in chronic exogenous subclinical thyrotoxicosis and the effect of restoring euthyroidism","volume":"93","author":"Eustatia-Rutten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1139\/y75-009","article-title":"The influence of prolonged hyper- and hypothyroid states on the noradrenaline content of rat tissues and on the accumulation and efflux rates of tritiated noradrenaline","volume":"53","author":"Tu","year":"1975","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(93)90047-X","article-title":"Altered muscle sympathetic nerve activity in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism","volume":"42","author":"Matsukawa","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Auton. c Nerv. s Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E190","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2001.281.1.E190","article-title":"Sympathovagal imbalance in hyperthyroidism","volume":"281","author":"Burggraaf","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02514.x","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism is characterized by both increased sympathetic and decreased vagal modulation of heart rate: evidence from spectral analysis of heart rate variability","volume":"64","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5605","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030576","article-title":"Effects of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on noradrenergic activity and glycerol concentrations in human subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue assessed with microdialysis","volume":"88","author":"Haluzik","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0252","article-title":"Thyroid-Adrenergic interactions: physiological and clinical implications","volume":"18","author":"Silva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.06.008","article-title":"The thyroid and metabolism: the action continues","volume":"8","author":"Hollenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0474","article-title":"Thyroid hormone receptor expression in the human hypothalamus and anterior pituitary","volume":"90","author":"Alkemade","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1210\/en.135.1.92","article-title":"Identification of thyroid hormone receptor isoforms in thyrotropin- releasing hormone neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus","volume":"135","author":"Lechan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lechan, R.M. and Fekete, C. (2006) The TRH neuron: a hypothalamic integrator of energy metabolism. In Progress in Brain Research. Hypothalamic Integration of Energy Metabolism. Proceedings of the 24th International Summer School of Brain Research, held at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Volume 153) (Kalsbeek, A., ed), pp. 209-235, Elsevier","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)53012-2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1051","article-title":"Ventromedial arcuate nucleus communicates peripheral metabolic information to the suprachiasmatic nucleus","volume":"147","author":"Yi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215736","article-title":"Selective parasympathetic innervation of subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat--functional implications","volume":"110","author":"Kreier","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0667","article-title":"Tracing from fat tissue, liver, and pancreas: a neuroanatomical framework for the role of the brain in type 2 diabetes","volume":"147","author":"Kreier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib19","first-page":"50","article-title":"Polysynaptic neural pathways between the hypothalamus, including the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and the liver","volume":"871","author":"la Fleur","year":"2000","journal-title":"BrainRes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7604","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5328-03.2004","article-title":"Suprachiasmatic GABAergic inputs to the paraventricular nucleus control plasma glucose concentrations in the rat via sympathetic innervation of the liver","volume":"24","author":"Kalsbeek","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E685","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00253.2003","article-title":"Novel concepts in insulin regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis","volume":"285","author":"Barthel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1202-798","article-title":"Hypothalamic insulin signaling is required for inhibition of glucose production","volume":"8","author":"Obici","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1658","article-title":"Intracerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide Y Induces hepatic insulin resistance via sympathetic innervation","volume":"57","author":"van den Hoek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132428","article-title":"The critical role of the melanocortin system in the control of energy balance","volume":"24","author":"Seeley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.70.120806.095256","article-title":"The integrative role of CNS fuel-sensing mechanisms in energy balance and glucose regulation","volume":"70","author":"Sandoval","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03439","article-title":"Hypothalamic KATP channels control hepatic glucose production","volume":"434","author":"Pocai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2001.52","article-title":"Intracerebroventricular glucocorticoid infusion in normal rats: induction of parasympathetic-mediated obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"9","author":"Cusin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.04.06.db05-1339","article-title":"Gonadal hormones determine sensitivity to central leptin and insulin","volume":"55","author":"Clegg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1201","article-title":"Hypothalamic sensing of circulating fatty acids is required for glucose homeostasis","volume":"11","author":"Lam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1718","article-title":"Thyroid function is associated with components of the metabolic syndrome in euthyroid subjects","volume":"92","author":"Roos","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03304.x","article-title":"Relationship between serum free T4 (FT4) levels and metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components in healthy euthyroid subjects","volume":"70","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S225","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-18584","article-title":"Thyroid hormone excess and glucose intolerance","volume":"109","author":"Dimitriadis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5639","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0297","article-title":"Thyroid hormone effects on whole-body energy homeostasis and tissue-specific fatty acid uptake in vivo","volume":"150","author":"Klieverik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1210\/en.135.2.649","article-title":"Regulation of GLUT2 glucose transporter expression in liver by thyroid hormone: evidence for hormonal regulation of the hepatic glucose transport system","volume":"135","author":"Weinstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1988.tb01275.x","article-title":"Insulin resistance in Graves\u2019 disease: a quantitative in-vivo evaluation","volume":"18","author":"Cavallo-Perin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2000.00924.x","article-title":"Association of elevated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 with insulin resistance in hyperthyroidism","volume":"52","author":"Jenkins","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.03.042","article-title":"Functional neuroanatomy of thyroid hormone feedback in the human hypothalamus and pituitary gland","volume":"251","author":"Fliers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinoogy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E513","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00659.2007","article-title":"Effects of thyrotoxicosis and selective hepatic autonomic denervation on hepatic glucose metabolism in rats","volume":"294","author":"Klieverik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5966","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805355106","article-title":"Thyroid hormone modulates glucose production via a sympathetic pathway from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to the liver","volume":"106","author":"Klieverik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1085","article-title":"Interference of a mutant thyroid hormone receptor {alpha}1 with hepatic glucose metabolism","volume":"150","author":"Vujovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinoogy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4535","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601882","article-title":"Hypermetabolism in mice caused by the central action of an unliganded thyroid hormone receptor alpha1","volume":"26","author":"Sjogren","year":"2007","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.06.007","article-title":"Trace amine-associated receptor 1\u2013 family archetype or iconoclast?","volume":"116","author":"Grandy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Thers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib43","first-page":"4034","article-title":"Probing cell type\u0393\u00c7\u00f4specific functions of Gi in vivo identifies GPCR regulators of insulin secretion","volume":"117","author":"Regard","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1051","article-title":"3-Iodothyronamine is an endogenous and rapid-acting derivative of thyroid hormone","volume":"10","author":"Scanlan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8966","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.151105198","article-title":"Trace amines: Identification of a family of mammalian G protein-coupled receptors","volume":"98","author":"Borowsky","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2008.00935.x","article-title":"The thyroid hormone derivative 3-iodothyronamine increases food intake in rodents","volume":"11","author":"Dhillo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-007-0208-x","article-title":"3-Iodothyronamine: a novel hormone controlling the balance between glucose and lipid utilisation","volume":"178","author":"Braulke","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-09-0043","article-title":"Central effects of thyronamines on glucose metabolism in rats","volume":"201","author":"Klieverik","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(88)90334-X","article-title":"Neuronal pathways to the rat thyroid revealed by retrograde tracing and immunocytochemistry","volume":"24","author":"Grunditz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib50","first-page":"1071","article-title":"The neuropeptides","volume":"8","author":"Michalkiewicz","year":"1998","journal-title":"VIP and NPY, that are present in the thyroid nerves are not released into the thyroid vein. Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E398","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1993.264.3.E398","article-title":"Thyroidal vascular responsiveness to parasympathetic stimulation is increased in hyperthyroidism","volume":"264","author":"Dey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E861","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00292.2004","article-title":"Sympathetic nervous system activity in rat thyroid: potential role in goitrogenesis","volume":"288","author":"Young","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3832","DOI":"10.1210\/en.141.10.3832","article-title":"Functional connections between the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the thyroid gland as revealed by lesioning and viral tracing techniques in the rat","volume":"141","author":"Kalsbeek","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0763","article-title":"Daily variations in type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase activity in the rat brain as controlled by the biological clock","volume":"146","author":"Kalsbeek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fliers, E. et al. (2006) Hypothalamic thyroid hormone feedback in health and disease. In Progress in Brain Research. Hypothalamic Integration of Energy Metabolism. Proceedings of the 24th International Summer School of Brain Research, held at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Volume 153 edn) (Kalsbeek, A., ed), pp. 189\u2013207, Elsevier","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)53011-0"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5635","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0776","article-title":"Minireview: circadian control of metabolism by the suprachiasmatic nuclei","volume":"148","author":"Kalsbeek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"}],"container-title":["Trends in Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043276009001970?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043276009001970?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T13:11:24Z","timestamp":1558703484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043276009001970"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1043276009001970"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2009.11.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-2760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-2760","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}}}