{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T09:32:03Z","timestamp":1761989523277,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulle Malattie dell\u2019Osso"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmn.com","cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T13:19:06Z","timestamp":1600953546000},"page":"918-927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Sexual Dimorphism of Coronavirus 19 Morbidity and Lethality"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Brandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Giustina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/2042-6410-4-16","article-title":"Sex and inflammation in respiratory diseases: a clinical viewpoint","volume":"4","author":"Casimiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5394","article-title":"Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy","volume":"323","author":"Grasselli","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154262","article-title":"Severe obesity, increasing age and male sex are independently associated with worse in-hospital outcomes, and higher in-hospital mortality, in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in the Bronx, New York","volume":"108","author":"Palaiodimos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00152","article-title":"Gender differences in patients with COVID-19: focus on severity and mortality","volume":"8","author":"Jian-Min","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9040941","article-title":"Novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in humans: a scoping review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Borges do Nascimento","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13413-7","article-title":"Lung pathology of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"361","author":"Nicholls","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh056","article-title":"Do men have a higher case fatality rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome than women do?","volume":"159","author":"Karlberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30239-3","article-title":"Tobacco smoking and COVID-19 infection","volume":"8","author":"Zyl-Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1972","article-title":"European Male Aging Study Group. Hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis disruptions in older men are differentially linked to age and modifiable risk factors: the European Male Aging Study","volume":"93","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0911101","article-title":"Identification of late-onset hypogonadism in middle-aged and elderly men","volume":"363","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e32834feb37","article-title":"Hypogonadism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: incidence and effects","volume":"18","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4703","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0443","article-title":"The novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) homolog, ACE2, is selectively expressed by adult Leydig cells of the testis","volume":"145","author":"Douglas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0070","first-page":"116","article-title":"The relationship between testosterone and molecular markers of inflammation in older men","volume":"28","author":"Maggio","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0074","article-title":"Androgens are bronchoactive drugs that act by relaxing airway smooth muscle and preventing bronchospasm","volume":"222","author":"Montan\u00f5","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12738","article-title":"Higher serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, but not oestradiol, are independently associated with favourable indices of lung function in community-dwelling men","volume":"83","author":"Mohan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2019.04.008","article-title":"Menopause: hormones, lifestyle, and optimizing aging","volume":"46","author":"Minkin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2011.061960","article-title":"Evidence that angiotensin-(1\u20137) is an intermediate of gonadotrophin-induced oocyte maturation in the rat preovulatory follicle","volume":"97","author":"Honorato-Sampaio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154252","article-title":"Testosterone, a key hormone in the context of COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"108","author":"Pozzilli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metab. Clin. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-20-0133","article-title":"Androgen hazards with COVID-19","volume":"27","author":"Sharifi","year":"2020","journal-title":"End. Rel. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.07.059","article-title":"COPD-HF Study Group. Prevalence and management of COPD and heart failure comorbidity in the general practitioner setting","volume":"131","author":"Pinna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015050542","article-title":"European CKD Burden Consortium. CKD prevalence varies across the European general population","volume":"27","author":"Bruck","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14830","article-title":"Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia","volume":"18","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0125","first-page":"190","article-title":"Association of testosterone therapy with risk of venous thromboembolism among men with and without hypogonadism","volume":"18","author":"Walker","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-19-0433","article-title":"Klinefelter syndrome and testosterone treatment: a national cohort study on thrombosis risk","volume":"9","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00126","article-title":"Skeletal and extraskeletal actions of vitamin D: current evidence and outstanding questions","volume":"40","author":"Bouillon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0140","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data","volume":"356","author":"Martineau","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0145","first-page":"332","article-title":"Vitamin D and critical illness outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Christopher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.8.1496","article-title":"High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in female type 2 diabetic population","volume":"24","author":"Isaia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02105-6","article-title":"Body mass index predicts resistance to active vitamin D in patients with hypoparathyroidism","volume":"66","author":"Formenti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010128","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D: a disease marker in hospitalized very old persons at risk of malnutrition","volume":"11","author":"Boccardi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0165","article-title":"Rapid response to: Preventing a covid-19 pandemic","author":"Giustina","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1784","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in older men","volume":"94","author":"Orwoll","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.90","article-title":"Sex differences in immune responses","volume":"16","author":"Klein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0811427","article-title":"Mechanisms of sex disparities in influenza pathogenesis","volume":"92","author":"Klein","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03075","article-title":"Sexual dimorphisms in innate immunity and responses to infection in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"10","author":"Belmonte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"year":"2010","series-title":"Sex Hormones and Immunity to Infection","key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0190"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540310017618","article-title":"Gender differences in hospitalization rates for respiratory tract infections in Danish youth","volume":"36","author":"Jensen-Fangel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(00)00027-0","article-title":"The effects of hormones on sex differences in infection: from genes to behavior","volume":"24","author":"Klein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(90)90270-3","article-title":"Effects of gender and sex steroids on the immune response","volume":"135","author":"Schuurs","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.3.476-488.2001","article-title":"Sex-associated hormones and immunity for protozoan parasites","volume":"14","author":"Roberts","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-13-32","article-title":"Assessment of vaccine candidates for persons aged 50 and older: a review","volume":"13","author":"Ehlers","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2004","article-title":"Sex differences in the Toll-like receptor-mediated response of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to HIV","volume":"15","author":"Meier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124978","article-title":"Autoreactive B cell responses to RNA-related antigens d\u2019urto TLR7 gene duplication","volume":"312","author":"Pisitkun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.54.1.6","article-title":"Sex hormones, glucocorticoids and autoimmunity: facts and hypotheses","volume":"54","author":"Da Silva","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.04.054","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism of humoral immunity with human vaccines","volume":"26","author":"Cook","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1089\/10872910252972267","article-title":"Interactions of the female hormonal environment, susceptibility to viral infections, and disease progression","volume":"16","author":"Brabin","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(00)00180-8","article-title":"B cell subsets in postmenopausal women and the effect of hormone replacement therapy","volume":"37","author":"Kamada","year":"2001","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0250","first-page":"34","article-title":"Coronavirus CoV-19\/SARS-CoV-2 affects women less than men: clinical response to viral infection","volume":"7","author":"Conti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0","article-title":"COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppressive","volume":"395","author":"Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14396-9","article-title":"Sexual-dimorphism in human immune system aging","volume":"11","author":"Marquez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0265","first-page":"972","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease, drug therapy, and mortality in Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Mehra","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.04.048","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19","volume":"38","author":"Long","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5076","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030611","article-title":"Endogenous sex hormones and cardiovascular disease in men","volume":"88","author":"Muller","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.11.18","article-title":"Endogenous sex hormones and cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women: new but conflicting data","volume":"6","author":"Scarabin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000268491.89956.c2","article-title":"A midlife stroke surge among women in the United States","volume":"69","author":"Towfighi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.594077","article-title":"WHI Investigators. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen and stroke in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative","volume":"113","author":"Hendrix","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2016.05.003","article-title":"Estrogens and coronary artery disease: new clinical perspectives","volume":"77","author":"Meyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.182279","article-title":"Estrogen and mechanisms of vascular protection","volume":"29","author":"Xing","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atheroscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0305","first-page":"129","article-title":"Vascular protection with estrogen. In vitro and in vivo effects \u2013 mechanisms and clinical implication","volume":"86","author":"Barton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Praxis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0310","first-page":"825","article-title":"The effects of estradiol on inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction in rats with preeclampsia","volume":"45","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19704","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M501244200","article-title":"Estrogen induces vascular wall dilation: mediation through kinase signaling to nitric oxide and estrogen receptors alpha and beta","volume":"280","author":"Guo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2019.12.009","article-title":"Estrogen receptor-alpha non nuclear signaling confers cardio protection and is essential to cGMP-PDE5 inhibition efficacy","volume":"5","author":"Fukuma","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2004.04.012","article-title":"Inhibition of SARS-coronavirus infection in vitro by S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, a nitric oxide donor compound","volume":"8","author":"Keyaerts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1086\/425357","article-title":"Inhalation of nitric oxide in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome: a rescue trial in Beijing","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029616683802","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and HRT risk of thrombosis","volume":"24","author":"Gialeraki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3111","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20123111","article-title":"Effects of estrogens on platelets and megakaryocytes","volume":"20","author":"Dupuis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2018.06.014","article-title":"Risk of venous thromboembolism events in postmenopausal using oral versus non-oral hormone therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"168","author":"Rovinski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0350","first-page":"1","article-title":"Therapeutic potentials of the natural plant flavonoid apigenin In polycystic ovary syndrome in rat model: via modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant activity","volume":"30","author":"Darabi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0355","first-page":"846","article-title":"Sodium tanghi one HA sulfonate attenuates cardiac dysfunction and improves survival of rats with cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis","volume":"72","author":"Meng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.004","article-title":"Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infections in engineered human tissues using clinical-grade soluble human ACE2","volume":"181","author":"Monteil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.45.4.455","article-title":"Estrogen receptor knockout mice as a model for endocrine research","volume":"45","author":"Walker","year":"2004","journal-title":"ILAR J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020075","article-title":"Exogenous sex steroid hormones and asthma in females: protocol for a population-based retrospective cohort study using a UK primary care database","volume":"8","author":"Nwaru","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.01.050","article-title":"A prenatally disrupted airway epithelium orchestrates the fetal origin of asthma in mice","volume":"145","author":"Zazara","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.12.022","article-title":"Androgen receptor and androgen-dependent gene expression in lung","volume":"317","author":"Mikkonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2020.4.47536","article-title":"Sex- and gender-specific observations and implications for COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"Walter","year":"2020","journal-title":"West. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2018.1482487","article-title":"The relationship between circulating testosterone and inflammatory cytokines in men","volume":"22","author":"Mohamad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.032","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is likely to be androgen mediated","volume":"83","author":"Wambier","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02294-5","article-title":"COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European Society of Endocrinology","volume":"68","author":"Puig-Domingo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-020-09569-2","article-title":"Endocrine and metabolic aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"21","author":"Marazuela","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."}],"container-title":["Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043276020301818?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043276020301818?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T20:40:32Z","timestamp":1760906432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043276020301818"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1043276020301818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-2760"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1043-2760"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sexual Dimorphism of Coronavirus 19 Morbidity and Lethality","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2020.09.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}