{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:55:57Z","timestamp":1792742157507,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003107","name":"German Federal Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003107","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmn.com","cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:22:37Z","timestamp":1664151757000},"page":"755-768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["NAFLD and thyroid function: pathophysiological and therapeutic considerations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Erifili","family":"Hatziagelaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavroula A.","family":"Paschou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9224-4189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Sch\u00f6n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodora","family":"Psaltopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Roden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.11.014","article-title":"Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from pathophysiology to therapeutics","volume":"92","author":"Polyzos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.10.001","article-title":"Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk for hepatocellular cancer, based on systematic review","volume":"10","author":"White","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00448-y","article-title":"The complex link between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus - mechanisms and treatments","volume":"18","author":"Targher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.147","article-title":"NAFLD and diabetes mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Tilg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.06.021","article-title":"The global epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.030","article-title":"Early changes in hepatic energy metabolism and lipid content in recent-onset type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"24","author":"Kupriyanova","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30187-1","article-title":"Risk of diabetes-associated diseases in subgroups of patients with recent-onset diabetes: a 5-year follow-up study","volume":"7","author":"Zaharia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2018.18","article-title":"Global epidemiology of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism","volume":"14","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2014.07.001","article-title":"Thyroid hormone regulation of hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism","volume":"25","author":"Sinha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E9172","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1707797114","article-title":"Pathogenesis of hypothyroidism-induced NAFLD is driven by intra- and extrahepatic mechanisms","volume":"114","author":"Ferrandino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2018.10","article-title":"Direct effects of thyroid hormones on hepatic lipid metabolism","volume":"14","author":"Sinha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1797-8","article-title":"The integrative biology of type 2 diabetes","volume":"576","author":"Roden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1318","article-title":"Specific hepatic sphingolipids relate to insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"41","author":"Apostolopoulou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31296","article-title":"Thyroid hormone signaling and the liver","volume":"72","author":"Ritter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2018.0664","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hypercholesterolemia: roles of thyroid hormones, metabolites and agonists","volume":"29","author":"Sinha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0085","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk assessment of the subclinical hypothyroidism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with different levels of cardiovascular risk Blood","volume":"1","author":"Kolesnikova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3204","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1300","article-title":"Thyroid function and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The Rotterdam Study","volume":"101","author":"Bano","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2015.21.4.372","article-title":"Impact of hypothyroidism on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a 4-year retrospective cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2018.0257","article-title":"Association between primary hypothyroidism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Mantovani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.05.025","article-title":"Impact of subclinical hypothyroidism on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective case-control study","volume":"57","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac393","article-title":"Thyroid stimulating hormone levels are associated with genetically predicted nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"107","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.08.014","article-title":"Subclinical hypothyroidism and low-normal thyroid function are associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0120","first-page":"S1590","article-title":"Sensitivity to thyroid hormones is associated with advanced fibrosis in euthyroid patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0125","first-page":"496","article-title":"Low thyroid function in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality","volume":"115","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0212","article-title":"Thyroid hormone-related regulation of gene expression in human fatty liver","volume":"94","author":"Pihlajamaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0573","article-title":"Thyroid: biological actions of 'nonclassical' thyroid hormones","volume":"221","author":"Senese","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2010.48","article-title":"Thyroid hormones induce activation of rat hepatic stellate cells through increased expression of p75 neurotrophin receptor and direct activation of Rho","volume":"90","author":"Zvibel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2008-0311","article-title":"Distinct dysregulation of lipid metabolism by unliganded thyroid hormone receptor isoforms","volume":"23","author":"Araki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.02.027","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease across the spectrum of hypothyroidism","volume":"57","author":"Chung","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2020.0651","article-title":"Increased hepatic fat content in patients with resistance to thyroid hormone beta","volume":"31","author":"Chaves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1716-7980","article-title":"What is the role of thyroid hormone receptor Alpha 2 (TR\u03b12) in human physiology?","volume":"130","author":"Paisdzior","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1559","article-title":"Human stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1) gene expression is negatively regulated by thyroid hormone without direct binding of thyroid hormone receptor to the gene promoter","volume":"154","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-022-02728-5","article-title":"Large-scale manipulation of promoter DNA methylation reveals context-specific transcriptional responses and stability","volume":"23","author":"de Mendoza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16251","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508556102","article-title":"Thyroid hormone receptor beta mutants: dominant negative regulators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma action","volume":"102","author":"Araki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15490","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702759104","article-title":"Targeting thyroid hormone receptor-beta agonists to the liver reduces cholesterol and triglycerides and improves the therapeutic index","volume":"104","author":"Erion","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00030.2013","article-title":"Thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism","volume":"94","author":"Mullur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220741","article-title":"PThyroid hormone regulates hepatic triglyceride mobilization and apolipoprotein B messenger ribonucleic Acid editing in a murine model of congenital hypothyroidism","volume":"144","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-019-0517-x","article-title":"Molecular functions and clinical impact of thyroid hormone-triggered autophagy in liver-related diseases","volume":"26","author":"Chi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0200","first-page":"928","article-title":"Impaired hepatic mitochondrial capacity in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis associated with type 2 diabetes","volume":"2022","author":"Gancheva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5274","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2017.136","article-title":"Thyroid hormone protects hepatocytes from HBx-induced carcinogenesis by enhancing mitochondrial turnover","volume":"36","author":"Chi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaam5855","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aam5855","article-title":"Thyroid hormone receptor and ERR\u03b1 coordinately regulate mitochondrial fission, mitophagy, biogenesis, and function","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1230583","article-title":"Thyroid hormone suppresses hepatocarcinogenesis via DAPK2 and SQSTM1-dependent selective autophagy","volume":"12","author":"Chi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2021.1899691","article-title":"MED1 mediator subunit is a key regulator of hepatic autophagy and lipid metabolism","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R21","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-21-0364","article-title":"Biomarkers indicating tissue thyroid hormone status: ready to be implemented yet?","volume":"253","author":"Jansen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4591","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1302","article-title":"Repair-related activation of hedgehog signaling in stromal cells promotes intrahepatic hypothyroidism","volume":"155","author":"Bohinc","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101266","article-title":"Early induction of hepatic deiodinase type 1 inhibits hepatosteatosis during NAFLD progression","volume":"53","author":"Bruinstroop","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1760007","article-title":"TSH stimulates leptin secretion by a direct effect on adipocytes","volume":"176","author":"Menendez","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.12.014","article-title":"Pathogenesis of hypothyroidism-induced NAFLD: Evidence for a distinct disease entity?","volume":"51","author":"Lonardo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.02.015","article-title":"Thyroid stimulating hormone increases hepatic gluconeogenesis via CRTC2","volume":"446","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.006","article-title":"Thyroid-stimulating hormone regulates hepatic bile acid homeostasis via SREBP-2\/HNF-4alpha\/CYP7A1 axis","volume":"62","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M047654","article-title":"Thyroid-stimulating hormone decreases HMG-CoA reductase phosphorylation via AMP-activated protein kinase in the liver","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.11.004","article-title":"EASL-EASD-EASO clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"64","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL)","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02085-7","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Paschou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2017.12.003","article-title":"Consensus document. Management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Clinical practice guideline","volume":"41","author":"Aller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7392","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i23.7392","article-title":"Radiologic evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2012.0205","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association","volume":"22","author":"Garber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2165\/11598070-000000000-00000","article-title":"Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism: who to treat and how","volume":"72","author":"Khandelwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2020.00027","article-title":"Hypothyroidism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathophysiological associations and therapeutic implications","volume":"8","author":"Kizivat","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Transl. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0300","article-title":"Current and emerging pharmacological options for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"111S","author":"Polyzos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00523-4","article-title":"Advancing the global public health agenda for NAFLD: a consensus statement","volume":"19","author":"Lazarus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.08.023","article-title":"Aerobic vs. resistance exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review","volume":"66","author":"Hashida","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-2523","article-title":"The effect of a novel low-volume aerobic exercise intervention on liver fat in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"43","author":"Sabag","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.05.016","article-title":"Treatment of NAFLD with diet, physical activity and exercise","volume":"67","author":"Romero-G\u00f3mez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155136","article-title":"The effect of dietary patterns on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosed by biopsy or magnetic resonance in adults: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials","volume":"129","author":"Angelidi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0330","article-title":"Treatment of NAFLD with intermittent calorie restriction or low-carb high-fat diet \u2013 a randomised controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Holmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2114833","article-title":"Calorie restriction with or without time-restricted eating in weight loss","volume":"386","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411892","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of 3.0 mg of liraglutide in weight management","volume":"373","author":"Pi-Sunyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.3224","article-title":"Effect of continued weekly subcutaneous semaglutide vs placebo on weight loss maintenance in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 4 randomized clinical trial","volume":"325","author":"Rubino","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2014.02.011","article-title":"An assessment by the Statin Liver Safety Task Force: 2014 update","volume":"8","author":"Bays","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61272-X","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of long-term statin treatment for cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease and abnormal liver tests in the Greek Atorvastatin and Coronary Heart Disease Evaluation (GREACE) Study: a post-hoc analysis","volume":"376","author":"Athyros","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI134165","article-title":"Insulin resistance drives hepatic de novo lipogenesis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"130","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab578","article-title":"The emerging role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the management of NAFLD","volume":"107","author":"Patel Chavez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0641","article-title":"Empagliflozin effectively lowers liver fat content in well-controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, Phase 4, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"43","author":"Kahl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v10.i2.114","article-title":"SGLT-2 inhibitors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Raj","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11020073","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"11","author":"Mantovani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2028395","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of subcutaneous semaglutide in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"384","author":"Newsome","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-1892","article-title":"Effects of novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide on biomarkers of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Hartman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14215","article-title":"Plasma proteome profiles treatment efficacy of incretin dual agonism in diet-induced obese female and male mice","volume":"23","author":"Sachs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101122","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from pathogenesis to treatment concepts in humans","volume":"50","author":"Pafili","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5753039","article-title":"Benefits of levothyroxine replacement therapy on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in subclinical hypothyroidism patients","volume":"2017","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00475","article-title":"Low-dose levothyroxine reduces intrahepatic lipid content in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and NAFLD","volume":"103","author":"Bruinstroop","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1972.03200070084015","article-title":"Findings leading to further modifications of its protocol with respect to dextrothyroxine","volume":"220","author":"The Coronary Drug Project Research Group","year":"1972","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1984.257","article-title":"L-thyroxine contamination of pharmaceutical D-thyroxine: probable cause of therapeutic effect","volume":"36","author":"Young","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0425","first-page":"2153","article-title":"Augmented hepatic and skeletal thyromimetic effects of tiratricol in comparison with levothyroxine","volume":"82","author":"Sherman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.04.006","article-title":"Novel thyroid hormone analogues, enzyme inhibitors and mimetics, and their action","volume":"458","author":"Mondal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0435","first-page":"912","article-title":"The resurgence of thyromimetics as lipid-modifying agents","volume":"10","author":"Tancevski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-3977fje","article-title":"3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine powerfully reduces adiposity in rats by increasing the burning of fats","volume":"19","author":"Lanni","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2730","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0207","article-title":"Nonthyrotoxic prevention of diet-induced insulin resistance by 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine in rats","volume":"60","author":"de Lange","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2020.0160","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the effects of long-term 3,5-diiodothyronine treatment on the murine hepatic proteome and transcriptome under conditions of normal diet and high-fat Diet","volume":"31","author":"Lietzow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.03.023","article-title":"3,5-diiodo-l-thyronine, by modulating mitochondrial functions, reverses hepatic fat accumulation in rats fed a high-fat diet","volume":"51","author":"Mollica","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-157115","article-title":"ZTRC150094, a novel functional analog of iodothyronines, reduces adiposity by increasing energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation in rats receiving a high-fat diet","volume":"24","author":"Cioffi","year":"2010","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2017.1330259","article-title":"Thyroid hormone analogs for the treatment of dyslipidemia: past, present, and future","volume":"33","author":"Delitala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v6.i3.114","article-title":"Thyroid hormone analogues and derivatives: actions in fatty liver","volume":"6","author":"Coppola","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e3283402e9c","article-title":"Lipid lowering with thyroid hormone and thyromimetics","volume":"21","author":"Angelin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(98)90168-5","article-title":"A high-affinity subtype-selective agonist ligand for the thyroid hormone receptor","volume":"5","author":"Chiellini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1561","article-title":"The thyroid hormone receptor-beta agonist GC-1 induces cell proliferation in rat liver and pancreas","volume":"147","author":"Columbano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0248","article-title":"Metabolic effects of thyroid hormone derivatives","volume":"18","author":"Moreno","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0973","article-title":"Effects of the thyroid hormone receptor agonist GC-1 on metabolic rate and cholesterol in rats and primates: selective actions relative to 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine","volume":"145","author":"Grover","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2004.03.008","article-title":"Selective activation of thyroid hormone signaling pathways by GC-1: a new approach to controlling cholesterol and body weight","volume":"15","author":"Baxter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.07066","article-title":"Thyroid hormone receptor beta-specific agonist GC-1 increases energy expenditure and prevents fat-mass accumulation in rats","volume":"193","author":"Villicev","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E89","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00573.2012","article-title":"Thyroid hormone receptor-beta agonists prevent hepatic steatosis in fat-fed rats but impair insulin sensitivity via discrete pathways","volume":"305","author":"Vatner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705286104","article-title":"The thyroid hormone mimetic compound KB2115 lowers plasma LDL cholesterol and stimulates bile acid synthesis without cardiac effects in humans","volume":"105","author":"Berkenstam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12261","article-title":"Reductions in serum levels of LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides and lipoprotein(a) in hypercholesterolaemic patients treated with the liver-selective thyroid hormone receptor agonist eprotirome","volume":"277","author":"Angelin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70006-3","article-title":"Eprotirome in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (the AKKA trial): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study","volume":"2","author":"Sjouke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.2217\/clp.14.29","article-title":"The withdrawal of the thyromimetic eprotirome","volume":"9","author":"France","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22572","article-title":"Reduction of hepatic steatosis in rats and mice after treatment with a liver-targeted thyroid hormone receptor agonist","volume":"49","author":"Cable","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2009.00038.x","article-title":"Thyroid hormone beta receptor activation has additive cholesterol lowering activity in combination with atorvastatin in rabbits, dogs and monkeys","volume":"156","author":"Ito","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2020.0071","article-title":"Thyroid hormone analogues: an update","volume":"30","author":"Zucchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13105","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222313105","article-title":"TG68, a novel thyroid hormone receptor-\u03b2 agonist for the treatment of NAFLD","volume":"22","author":"Caddeo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2019.0007","article-title":"A liver-specific thyromimetic, VK2809, decreases hepatosteatosis in glycogen storage disease type Ia","volume":"29","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15427","article-title":"Activation of thyroid hormone receptor-\u03b2 improved disease activity and metabolism independent of body weight in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis","volume":"178","author":"Kannt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32517-6","article-title":"Resmetirom (MGL-3196) for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"394","author":"Harrison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043276022001606?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043276022001606?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T20:43:37Z","timestamp":1760906617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043276022001606"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1043276022001606"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-2760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-2760","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"NAFLD and thyroid function: pathophysiological and therapeutic considerations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2022.08.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}