{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T17:57:07Z","timestamp":1793555827738,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":347,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20POST35100000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20POST35100000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31 DK127735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31 DK127735"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32DK134148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32DK134148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK128898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK128898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54 DK120342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 DK120342"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000124","name":"Office of Research on Women's Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000124","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001674","name":"Fondation Leducq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001674","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmn.com","cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T06:46:05Z","timestamp":1692254765000},"page":"652-665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The impact of chromosomal sex on cardiometabolic health and disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1945-4857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie B.","family":"Wiese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8592-4189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rozeta","family":"Avetisyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7487-2624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Reue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-01929-2","article-title":"Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics","volume":"19","author":"Bell","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-022-00440-4","article-title":"Sex differences in the human metabolome","volume":"13","author":"Costanzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002215","article-title":"Discovery of sexual dimorphisms in metabolic and genetic biomarkers","volume":"7","author":"Mittelstrass","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.049360","article-title":"Sex differences in blood pressure associations with cardiovascular outcomes","volume":"143","author":"Ji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-0762-4","article-title":"Sex differences in infant blood metabolite profile in association with weight and adiposity measures","volume":"88","author":"Ellul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-016-0119-1","article-title":"Sex-specific differences in fetal and infant growth patterns: a prospective population-based cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Broere-Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-019-0261-7","article-title":"Sex differences in fetal growth and immediate birth outcomes in a low-risk Caucasian population","volume":"10","author":"Galjaard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1506-4","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic gene expression emerges with embryonic genome activation and is dynamic throughout development","volume":"16","author":"Lowe","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-017-0150-x","article-title":"Sex chromosomes drive gene expression and regulatory dimorphisms in mouse embryonic stem cells","volume":"8","author":"Werner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-019-0259-1","article-title":"The developmental origins of sex-biased expression in cardiac development","volume":"10","author":"Deegan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.34172\/jcvtr.2021.32","article-title":"Gender-specific characteristics of hypertrophic response in cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells","volume":"13","author":"Ahmadvand","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2022.10.017","article-title":"Modeling sex differences in humans using isogenic induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"17","author":"Waldhorn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R242","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy148","article-title":"The eXceptional nature of the X chromosome","volume":"27","author":"Balaton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2019.00219","article-title":"X inactivation and escape: epigenetic and structural features","volume":"7","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-011-1038-1","article-title":"X chromosome inactivation in human and mouse pluripotent stem cells","volume":"130","author":"Fan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24265","article-title":"Landscape of X chromosome inactivation across human tissues","volume":"550","author":"Tukiainen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005079","article-title":"Escape from X inactivation varies in mouse tissues","volume":"11","author":"Berletch","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201400032","article-title":"Variable escape from X-chromosome inactivation: identifying factors that tip the scales towards expression","volume":"36","author":"Peeters","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010556","article-title":"Escape from X-inactivation in twins exhibits intra- and inter-individual variability across tissues and is heritable","volume":"19","author":"Zito","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.275677.121","article-title":"Inferring genes that escape X-chromosome inactivation reveals important contribution of variable escape genes to sex-biased diseases","volume":"31","author":"Sauteraud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xgen.2023.100259","article-title":"The human inactive X chromosome modulates expression of the active X chromosome","volume":"3","author":"San Roman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7398","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1802889115","article-title":"Sex-chromosome dosage effects on gene expression in humans","volume":"115","author":"Raznahan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4864","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1910003117","article-title":"Integrated functional genomic analyses of Klinefelter and Turner syndromes reveal global network effects of altered X chromosome dosage","volume":"117","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0120","first-page":"807","article-title":"Relative contributions of sex hormones, sex chromosomes, and gonads to sex differences in tissue gene regulation","volume":"32","author":"Blencowe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-022-00474-8","article-title":"Chromosomal and gonadal sex drive sex differences in lipids and hepatic gene expression in response to hypercholesterolemia and statin treatment","volume":"13","author":"Wiese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13206","article-title":"Mammalian Y chromosomes retain widely expressed dosage-sensitive regulators","volume":"508","author":"Bellott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002964","article-title":"UTX and UTY demonstrate histone demethylase-independent function in mouse embryonic development","volume":"8","author":"Shpargel","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.09.018","article-title":"Sex chromosome effects on male\u2013female differences in mammals","volume":"28","author":"Snell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-018-0141-y","article-title":"A hypomorphic inherited pathogenic variant in DDX3X causes male intellectual disability with additional neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative features","volume":"12","author":"Kellaris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnab041","article-title":"Membrane-initiated estrogen, androgen, and progesterone receptor signaling in health and disease","volume":"43","author":"Mauvais-Jarvis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2016-1677","article-title":"Sex hormones and cardiometabolic health: role of estrogen and estrogen receptors","volume":"158","author":"Clegg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0224-4","article-title":"Turner syndrome: mechanisms and management","volume":"15","author":"Gravholt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac016","article-title":"The changing face of Turner syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Gravholt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31672","article-title":"How do genes that escape from X-chromosome inactivation contribute to Turner syndrome?","volume":"181","author":"Peeters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. C Semin. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1584-6","article-title":"Klinefelter syndrome, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes: review of literature and clinical perspectives","volume":"61","author":"Salzano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02233.x","article-title":"Body composition, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in Klinefelter syndrome","volume":"100","author":"Gravholt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01299-1","article-title":"Testosterone treatment in male patients with Klinefelter syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Pizzocaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02161.x","article-title":"Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in prepubertal boys with Klinefelter syndrome","volume":"100","author":"Bardsley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31784","article-title":"High prevalence of cardiometabolic risk features in adolescents with 47,XXY\/Klinefelter syndrome","volume":"184","author":"Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. C Semin. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02280.x","article-title":"Clinical and hormonal status of infants with nonmosaic XXY karyotype","volume":"100","author":"Lahlou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31794","article-title":"Minipuberty in Klinefelter syndrome: current status and future directions","volume":"184","author":"Aksglaede","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. C Semin. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2019-0243","article-title":"Sex differences in infant body composition emerge in the first 5 months of life","volume":"32","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/7.4.715","article-title":"Mouse homologues of the human AZF candidate gene RBM are expressed in spermatogonia and spermatids, and map to a Y chromosome deletion interval associated with a high incidence of sperm abnormalities","volume":"7","author":"Mahadevaiah","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00697-0","article-title":"X chromosome agents of sexual differentiation","volume":"18","author":"Arnold","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.04.033","article-title":"A guide for the design of pre-clinical studies on sex differences in metabolism","volume":"25","author":"Mauvais-Jarvis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31561-0","article-title":"Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine","volume":"396","author":"Mauvais-Jarvis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10102615","article-title":"The sexual dimorphism of human adipose depots","volume":"10","author":"Boulet","year":"2022","journal-title":"biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20210086","article-title":"Sex differences in white adipose tissue expansion: emerging molecular mechanisms","volume":"135","author":"Bond","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2021.111563","article-title":"Age and sex: impact on adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation","volume":"199","author":"Varghese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04518-2","article-title":"A single-cell atlas of human and mouse white adipose tissue","volume":"603","author":"Emont","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002709","article-title":"The number of X chromosomes causes sex differences in adiposity in mice","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5688","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI140223","article-title":"X chromosome dosage of histone demethylase KDM5C determines sex differences in adiposity","volume":"130","author":"Link","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.07.020","article-title":"Sex differences in diurnal rhythms of food intake in mice caused by gonadal hormones and complement of sex chromosomes","volume":"75","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.115.305460","article-title":"Increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in mice with XX versus XY sex chromosomes","volume":"35","author":"Link","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10462-z","article-title":"XX sex chromosome complement promotes atherosclerosis in mice","volume":"10","author":"AlSiraj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn3100","article-title":"Hematopoietic loss of Y chromosome leads to cardiac fibrosis and heart failure mortality","volume":"377","author":"Sano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1765-3","article-title":"Genetic predisposition to mosaic Y chromosome loss in blood","volume":"575","author":"Thompson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.312405","article-title":"Human Y chromosome exerts pleiotropic effects on susceptibility to atherosclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Eales","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201707-1345LE","article-title":"The Y chromosome plays a protective role in experimental hypoxic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"197","author":"Umar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202110-2309OC","article-title":"Y-chromosome gene, Uty, protects against pulmonary hypertension by reducing proinflammatory chemokines","volume":"206","author":"Cunningham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S37929","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease: assessing sex and gender differences","volume":"6","author":"Mielke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaz5677","article-title":"A second X chromosome contributes to resilience in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"12","author":"Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glad007","article-title":"X chromosome factor Kdm6a enhances cognition independent of its demethylase function in the aging XY male brain","volume":"78","author":"Shaw","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.2806","article-title":"Sex-specific association of the X chromosome with cognitive change and tau pathology in aging and Alzheimer disease","volume":"78","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2023.102992","article-title":"Influence of X chromosome in sex-biased autoimmune diseases","volume":"137","author":"Miquel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2018.03.010","article-title":"The evolution of greater humoral immunity in females than males: implications for vaccine efficacy","volume":"6","author":"Fink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1159\/000494262","article-title":"The role of sex hormones in multiple sclerosis","volume":"80","author":"Avila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00322-1","article-title":"Estriol combined with glatiramer acetate for women with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"15","author":"Voskuhl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3852","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI126250","article-title":"The X-linked histone demethylase Kdm6a in CD4+ T lymphocytes modulates autoimmunity","volume":"129","author":"Itoh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3787","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1702161114","article-title":"Y chromosome's roles in sex differences in disease","volume":"114","author":"Arnold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-015-0024-z","article-title":"Y genetic variation and phenotypic diversity in health and disease","volume":"6","author":"Case","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aaw3658","article-title":"Distinct immunocyte-promoting and adipocyte-generating stromal components coordinate adipose tissue immune and metabolic tenors","volume":"4","author":"Spallanzani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.03.012","article-title":"Multilayered omics reveal sex- and depot-dependent adipose progenitor cell heterogeneity","volume":"34","author":"Shan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba3066","article-title":"The impact of sex on gene expression across human tissues","volume":"369","author":"Oliva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.937875","article-title":"Epigenetic modifier Kdm6a\/Utx controls the specification of hypothalamic neuronal subtypes in a sex-dependent manner","volume":"10","author":"Cabrera Zapata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-022-00452-0","article-title":"Sex-biased and parental allele-specific gene regulation by KDM6A","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3594","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00280-13","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of chromatin states reveals distinct mechanisms of sex-dependent gene regulation in male and female mouse liver","volume":"33","author":"Sugathan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-4350-x","article-title":"Isogenic mice exhibit sexually-dimorphic DNA methylation patterns across multiple tissues","volume":"18","author":"McCormick","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072-015-0035-3","article-title":"Characterization of whole-genome autosomal differences of DNA methylation between men and women","volume":"8","author":"Singmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epigenetics Chromatin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-015-0112-2","article-title":"DNA methylation signature in peripheral blood reveals distinct characteristics of human X chromosome numerical aberrations","volume":"7","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34220","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34220","article-title":"Widespread DNA hypomethylation and differential gene expression in Turner syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Trolle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13740","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31780-0","article-title":"DNA hypermethylation and differential gene expression associated with Klinefelter syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Skakkeb\u00e6k","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.264614.120","article-title":"Sex differences in human adipose tissue gene expression and genetic regulation involve adipogenesis","volume":"30","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.099226.109","article-title":"Sex-specific and lineage-specific alternative splicing in primates","volume":"20","author":"Blekhman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00427-2","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of N6-methyladenosine orchestrates sex-dimorphic metabolic traits","volume":"3","author":"Salisbury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-3484-1","article-title":"Diet, gonadal sex, and sex chromosome complement influence white adipose tissue miRNA expression","volume":"18","author":"Link","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-022-00451-1","article-title":"Female mice exhibit less overall variance, with a higher proportion of structured variance, than males at multiple timescales of continuous body temperature and locomotive activity records","volume":"13","author":"Smarr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2018.06.016","article-title":"Inclusion of females does not increase variability in rodent research studies","volume":"23","author":"Beery","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.56344","article-title":"A 10-year follow-up study of sex inclusion in the biological sciences","volume":"9","author":"Woitowich","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.1998.tb02594.x","article-title":"Inclusion of women in clinical trials: a historical overview of scientific, ethical, and legal issues","volume":"27","author":"Merkatz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynecol. Neonatal. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0455","first-page":"973","article-title":"Women's health and clinical trials","volume":"112","author":"Schiebinger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071816-064827","article-title":"Genetic basis for sex differences in obesity and lipid metabolism","volume":"37","author":"Link","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4445","article-title":"Accounting for sex in the genome","volume":"23","author":"Editorial","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.22132","article-title":"Statistics for X-chromosome associations","volume":"42","author":"\u00d6zbek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genet. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21782","article-title":"How to include chromosome X in your genome-wide association study","volume":"38","author":"K\u00f6nig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genet. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.22422","article-title":"The X factor: a robust and powerful approach to X-chromosome-inclusive whole-genome association studies","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genet. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016672320000026","article-title":"A robust test for X-chromosome genetic association accounting for X-chromosome inactivation and imprinting","volume":"102","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genet. Res. (Camb.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-016-0115-5","article-title":"A primer on the use of mouse models for identifying direct sex chromosome effects that cause sex differences in non-gonadal tissues","volume":"7","author":"Burgoyne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2020.09.006","article-title":"ER\u03b1 in the control of mitochondrial function and metabolic health","volume":"27","author":"Hevener","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.12","article-title":"The effects of oestrogens and their receptors on cardiometabolic health","volume":"13","author":"Morselli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00076-6","article-title":"Menopause: a cardiometabolic transition","volume":"10","author":"Nappi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.320259","article-title":"Illuminating the mechanisms underlying sex differences in cardiovascular disease","volume":"130","author":"Reue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/2042-6410-4-15","article-title":"The sex chromosome trisomy mouse model of XXY and XYY: metabolism and motor performance","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."}],"container-title":["Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043276023001340?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043276023001340?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T20:45:31Z","timestamp":1760906731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043276023001340"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1043276023001340"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-2760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-2760","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The impact of chromosomal sex on cardiometabolic health and disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2023.07.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}