{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T16:01:02Z","timestamp":1768838462066,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007588","name":"Washington State University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007588","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Theriogenology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]],"date-time":"2018-08-14T04:10:08Z","timestamp":1534219808000},"page":"147-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Aggressive attempted escape behavior during head-lock restraint reduced reproductive performances in Holstein heifers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Vanmathy R.","family":"Kasimanickam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chase","family":"Staker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hallie M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Kastelic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramanathan K.","family":"Kasimanickam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib1","series-title":"The inevitable bond: examining scientist\u2013animal interactions","first-page":"6","article-title":"Interaction's relationships and bonds: the conceptual basis for scientist-animal relations","author":"Estep","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2006.02.001","article-title":"Assessing the human-animal relationship in farmed species: a critical review","volume":"101","author":"Waiblinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.2527\/2000.78112821x","article-title":"Relationships between human-animal interactions and productivity of commercial dairy cows","volume":"78","author":"Hemsworth","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(02)00280-0","article-title":"Human-animal interactions in livestock production","volume":"81","author":"Hemsworth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-501","article-title":"Board-invited review: recent advances in management of highly stressed, newly received feedlot cattle","volume":"85","author":"Duff","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252314000280","article-title":"How stress alters immune responses during respiratory infection","volume":"15","author":"Griebel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim Health Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2009.0315","article-title":"Can stress in farm animals increase food safety risk?","volume":"6","author":"Rostagno","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foodb Pathog Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76193-9","article-title":"The effects of restraint using self-locking stanchions on dairy cows in relation to behavior, feed intake, physiological parameters, health, and milk yield","volume":"80","author":"Bolinger","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dairy Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E156","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)70210-X","article-title":"Effect of animal grouping on feeding behavior and intake of dairy cattle","volume":"84","author":"Grant","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a01","key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib10","first-page":"191","article-title":"Changes in serum cortisol following extended lockup time of lactating cows","volume":"79","author":"Arave","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dairy Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(82)82223-6","article-title":"A\u00a0dairy cow body condition scoring system and its relationship to selected production characteristics","volume":"65","author":"Wildman","year":"1982","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dairy Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(95)00279-H","article-title":"Synchronization of ovulation in dairy cows using PGF2\u03b1 and GnRH","volume":"44","author":"Pursley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1974.385964x","article-title":"Fertility of cattle following PGF2 alpha injection","volume":"38","author":"Lauderdale","year":"1974","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12368","article-title":"Influence of temperament score and handling facility on stress, reproductive hormone concentrations, and fixed time AI pregnancy rates in beef heifers","volume":"49","author":"Kasimanickam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a01","key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib15","first-page":"310","article-title":"Influence of extended manger lock-up on cow behavior and production factors in dairy cattle management","volume":"73","author":"Shipka","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.2527\/1994.7282171x","article-title":"Why the study of animal behavior is associated with the animal welfare issue","volume":"72","author":"Gonyou","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(05)80151-4","article-title":"Influences of feeding level and physical restriction on development of stereotypes in sows","volume":"42","author":"Terlouw","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-6357(91)90016-S","article-title":"Relationship between plasma cortisol and stereotypic activities in pigs","volume":"25","author":"Terlouw","year":"1991","journal-title":"Behav Process"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.2527\/1993.71102815x","article-title":"A\u00a0review of behavioral factors involved in the development and continued performance of stereotypic behaviors in pigs","volume":"71","author":"Lawrence","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4167","DOI":"10.2527\/1991.69104167x","article-title":"Animal welfare: concepts and measurement","volume":"69","author":"Broom","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077823","article-title":"Effects of rearing environment on adrenal weights, sexual development, and behavior in gerbils: an examination of Richter's domestication hypothesis","volume":"94","author":"Clark","year":"1980","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comp Physiol Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(81)90039-1","article-title":"Environment influence on development, behavior, and endocrine morphology of gerbils","volume":"27","author":"Clark","year":"1981","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib23","series-title":"Aspects of poultry behaviour","first-page":"15","article-title":"Frustration in the fowl","author":"Duncan","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1985.613556x","article-title":"A\u00a0quantitative ethogram of aggressive and submissive behaviors in recently regrouped pigs","volume":"61","author":"McGlone","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0009","article-title":"The effects of opioids and opioid analogs on animal and human endocrine systems","volume":"31","author":"Vuong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2895-8_11","article-title":"Glucocorticoid regulation of reproduction","volume":"872","author":"Geraghty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(95)00615-Y","article-title":"Neuroendocrine integration of stress and significance of stress for the performance of farm animals","volume":"44","author":"von Borell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2005-346","article-title":"Effects of social isolation and restraint on adrenocortical responses and hypoalgesia in loose-housed dairy cows","volume":"85","author":"Herskin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13135","article-title":"Predictors of beef calf temperament at weaning and its impact on temperament at breeding and reproductive performance","volume":"53","author":"Kasimanickam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib30","series-title":"The biology of animal stress","first-page":"43","article-title":"Neuroendocrine responses to stress","author":"Matteri","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0739-7240(02)00146-7","article-title":"Hormones as indicators of stress","volume":"23","author":"M\u00f6stl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib32","first-page":"55","article-title":"How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions","volume":"21","author":"Sapolsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb49941.x","article-title":"Stress and reproduction in domestic animals","volume":"697","author":"Liptrap","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib34","first-page":"451","article-title":"Stress and reproduction in farm animals","volume":"49","author":"Dobson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib35","series-title":"Voluntary food intake and diet selection in farm animals","first-page":"332","article-title":"Environmental factors affecting intake","author":"Forbes","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.6.751","article-title":"Plasma concentrations of substance P and cortisol in beef calves after castration or simulated castration","volume":"69","author":"Coetzee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.03.020","article-title":"Electroejaculation increased vocalization and plasma concentrations of cortisol and progesterone, but not substance P, in beef bulls","volume":"78","author":"Whitlock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.79.1.21","article-title":"Effects of stacked wedge pads and chains applied to the forefeet of Tennessee walking horses for a five-day period on behavioral and biochemical indicators of pain, stress, and inflammation","volume":"79","author":"Everett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-2-1059","article-title":"Effects of substance-P and neuropeptide-Y on in\u00a0vitro steroid release by porcine granulosa and luteal cells","volume":"129","author":"Pitzel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1010523","article-title":"Relationships among GnRH, substance P, prostaglandins, sex steroids and aromatase activity in the brain of the male lizard Podarcis sicula during reproduction","volume":"101","author":"Gobbetti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-2012","article-title":"Substance P regulates puberty onset and fertility in the female mouse","volume":"56","author":"Simavli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1994.1018","article-title":"GnRH and substance P regulate prostaglandins and sex steroids from reptilian (Podarcis sicula sicula) ovarian follicles and corpora lutea","volume":"93","author":"Gobbetti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12436","article-title":"Calm temperament improves reproductive performance of beef cows","volume":"49","author":"Kasimanickam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2011.06.024","article-title":"Effects of temperament of pregnancy rates to fixed-time AI in Bos indicus beef cows","volume":"142","author":"Cooke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.10.043","article-title":"Flunixin meglumine improves pregnancy rate in embryo recipient beef cows with an excitable temperament","volume":"107","author":"Kasimanickam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(02)01156-1","article-title":"Effects of body condition score and score change on the reproductive performance od\u2216f dairy cows; a meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Lopez-Gatius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(99)75406-8","article-title":"The effects of accelerated growth rates and estrogen implants in prepubertal Holstein heifers on estimates of mammary development and subsequent reproduction and milk production","volume":"82","author":"Lammers","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dairy Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.753828x","article-title":"Influence of prepubertal feeding level on milk yield potential of dairy heifers: a review","volume":"75","author":"Sejrsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anim Sci"}],"container-title":["Theriogenology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0093691X18305740?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0093691X18305740?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]],"date-time":"2018-10-17T08:19:40Z","timestamp":1539764380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0093691X18305740"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0093691X18305740"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0093-691X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0093-691X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Aggressive attempted escape behavior during head-lock restraint reduced reproductive performances in Holstein heifers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Theriogenology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.034","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}