{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T17:50:16Z","timestamp":1773683416491,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Surgery Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,11]],"date-time":"2010-10-11T14:59:08Z","timestamp":1286809148000},"page":"13-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Thymus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Enrico","family":"Ruffini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Oliaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Novero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Campisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pier Luigi","family":"Filosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197204)29:4<1061::AID-CNCR2820290456>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Mediastinal endocrine neoplasm of probable thymic origin related to carcinoid tumor","volume":"29","author":"Rosai","year":"1972","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib2","first-page":"246","article-title":"Carcinoid tumor of the thymus: a clinicopathologic report of seven cases with a review of the literature","volume":"55","author":"Wick","year":"1980","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1309\/3PDN-PMT5-EQTM-H0CD","article-title":"Neuroendocrine carcinomas (carcinoid tumor) of the thymus: a clinicopathologic analysis of 80 cases","volume":"114","author":"Moran","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii102","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdn116","article-title":"Neuroendocrine bronchial and thymic tumors: ESMO clinical recommendation for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"19","author":"Oberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198204000-00001","article-title":"Primary mediastinal carcinoid tumors","volume":"6","author":"Wick","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(90)90087-M","article-title":"Carcinoid tumors of the thymus","volume":"50","author":"Economopoulos","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1994.tb00539.x","article-title":"Atypical carcinoid tumour of the thymus: a study of eight cases","volume":"24","author":"Valli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.49.4.357","article-title":"Carcinoid tumours of the thymus","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(96)70409-9","article-title":"Thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid): a clinicopathologic study of fourteen cases","volume":"111","author":"de Montpreville","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(98)01063-7","article-title":"Thymic neuroendocrine tumor (thymic carcinoid): a clinicopathologic study in 15 patients","volume":"67","author":"Fukai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)03032-6","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus: a clinicopathologic and prognostic study","volume":"72","author":"Gal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)02713-8","article-title":"Neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid) of the thymus associated with Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"73","author":"de Perrot","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.1.141","article-title":"A\u00a0clinicopathologic study of 12 neuroendocrine tumors arising in the thymus","volume":"124","author":"Tiffet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2009.10.026","article-title":"Primary neuroendocrine tumours of the thymus: a clinicopathologic and prognostic study in 19 patients","volume":"37","author":"Cardillo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib15","first-page":"32","article-title":"Primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the thymus","volume":"16","author":"Klemm","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib16","first-page":"102","article-title":"Tumours of the mediastinum","volume":"vol. 19","author":"Verley","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03547-6","article-title":"Primary neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus","volume":"74","author":"Chaer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.04.124","article-title":"Atypical presentation of an atypical carcinoid","volume":"88","author":"Van Brandt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Thorac\u00a0Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.67.787.462","article-title":"Giant thymic carcinoid","volume":"67","author":"John","year":"1991","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900029","article-title":"Pulmonary and thymic carcinoid tumors","volume":"20","author":"Dusmet","year":"1996","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.19.3.g99ma11707","article-title":"Thoracic carcinoids: radiologic-pathologic correlations","volume":"19","author":"Rosado de Christenson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2003.09.058","article-title":"Multidisciplinary treatment of advanced thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid): report of a successful case and review of the literature","volume":"127","author":"Filosso","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib23","first-page":"634","article-title":"In vivo detection of malignant thymic masses by Indium-111-DTPA-d-pentetreotide scintigraphy","volume":"39","author":"Lastoria","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-199606000-00017","article-title":"Imaging of mediastinal thymic carcinoid tumor with radiolabelled somatostatin analogue","volume":"21","author":"Cadigan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.182.2.1820511","article-title":"Positron emission tomography with FDG to show thymic carcinoid","volume":"182","author":"Groves","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(87)90305-9","article-title":"Carcinoids associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes","volume":"154","author":"Duh","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)39836-8","article-title":"Atypical carcinoid tumors of the lung","volume":"64","author":"Arrigoni","year":"1972","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1998.00329.x","article-title":"Thymic carcinoid tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1","volume":"243","author":"Teh","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(78)80131-2","article-title":"Thymic hyperplasia and neoplasia. A review of current concepts","volume":"9","author":"Levine","year":"1978","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197906)43:6<2497::AID-CNCR2820430648>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Mediastinal carcinoid with an incomplete Sipple\u2019s syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Marchevsky","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(88)80046-3","article-title":"Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the thymus","volume":"183","author":"Wick","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.29.5.553","article-title":"Carcinoid tumor of the thymus with systemic manifestations: a radiological and pathological study","volume":"92","author":"Lowenthal","year":"1974","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2003.07.044","article-title":"Thymic carcinoid combined with myasthenia gravis","volume":"127","author":"Wu MH;Tseng","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)03607-4","article-title":"Primary thymic carcinoma","volume":"73","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib35","series-title":"WHO classification of tumours. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart","first-page":"188","article-title":"Thymic neuroendocrine tumours","author":"Marx","year":"2004"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib36","first-page":"S17","article-title":"Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the mediastinum","volume":"115","author":"Suster","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2006.02.007","article-title":"Primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the mediastinum: review of current criteria for histopathologic diagnosis and classification","volume":"22","author":"Moran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1053\/j.anndiagpath.2004.10.004","article-title":"Cytopathology-histopathology of the mediastinum II. Mesenchymal, neural, and neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"9","author":"Wakely","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19811201)48:11<2485::AID-CNCR2820481123>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Follow-up study of thymoma with special reference to their clinical stages","volume":"48","author":"Masaoka","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.1994.tb02936.x","article-title":"A\u00a0review of 79 thymomas: modification of staging system and reappraisal of conventional division into invasive and non-invasive thymoma","volume":"44","author":"Koga","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.10.098","article-title":"Multimodality therapy for locally invasive thymomas: state of the art or investigational therapy?","volume":"85","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.07.049","article-title":"Feasibility of multimodality therapy including extended resections in stage IVA thymoma","volume":"134","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib43","first-page":"430","article-title":"Thymic carcinoid in association with MEN syndromes","volume":"58","author":"Zeiger","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/89.9.653","article-title":"Clinical studies of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1)","volume":"89","author":"Trump","year":"1996","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31815eb7a2","article-title":"Thymic carcinoid responds to neoadjuvant therapy with sunitinib and octreotide: a case report","volume":"3","author":"Dham","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1245\/ASO.2003.09.019","article-title":"Update in pulmonary carcinoid tumors. A review article","volume":"10","author":"Hage","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/00001622-200403000-00011","article-title":"Treatment of carcinoid of the lung","volume":"16","author":"Kosmidis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3109\/02841869109092409","article-title":"Treatment of malignant midgut carcinoid tumors with a long acting somatostatin analogue octreotide","volume":"30","author":"Oberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199701000-00002","article-title":"Clinicopathologic studies of thymic carcinoids in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1","volume":"76","author":"Teh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1155","article-title":"Thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid) in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome: the Italian series","volume":"90","author":"Ferolla","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(01)01043-0","article-title":"Complete resection of recurrent thymic carcinoid using cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"21","author":"Sakuragi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19990531)81:5<767::AID-IJC17>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Anti-proliferative effect of radiolabeled octreotide in a metastases model in rat liver","volume":"81","author":"Slooter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"}],"container-title":["Thoracic Surgery Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547412710001404?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547412710001404?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T19:26:29Z","timestamp":1591989989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1547412710001404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1547412710001404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.08.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-4127"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-4127","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}}}