{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:02:35Z","timestamp":1791241355299,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006396","name":"Alexion Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 NS042685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 NS042685"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005202","name":"Muscular Dystrophy Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003157","name":"Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thoracic.theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Surgery Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]],"date-time":"2019-03-07T01:36:37Z","timestamp":1551922597000},"page":"143-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Neurologist\u2019s Perspective on Thymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Wentao","family":"Mi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gil I.","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.01.011","article-title":"Treatment of myasthenia gravis","volume":"36","author":"Farmakidis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-193910000-00005","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis and tumors of the thymic region: report of a case in which the tumor was removed","volume":"110","author":"Blalock","year":"1939","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)60635-2","article-title":"Alfred Blalock and thymectomy for myasthenia gravis","volume":"43","author":"Kirschner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1941.02820440037009","article-title":"The treatment of myasthenia gravis by removal of the thymus gland","volume":"117","author":"Blalock","year":"1941","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib5","first-page":"316","article-title":"Thymectomy in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Report of twenty cases","volume":"13","author":"Blalock","year":"1944","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1981.tb33766.x","article-title":"Observations of the natural history of myasthenia gravis and the effect of thymectomy","volume":"377","author":"Oosterhuis","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Thymectomy for non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis (review)","volume":"10","author":"Cea","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Libr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.12.1828","article-title":"Indications for thymectomy in myasthenia gravis","volume":"40","author":"Lanska","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.1.7","article-title":"Thymectomy for non-thymomatous autoimmune myasthenia gravis (an evidence-based review)","volume":"55","author":"Gronseth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1405.014","article-title":"Status of the thymectomy trial for nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis patients receiving prednisone","volume":"1132","author":"Newsom-Davis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602489","article-title":"Randomized trial of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis","volume":"376","author":"Wolfe","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.1.16","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: recommendations for clinical research standards","volume":"55","author":"Jaretzki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib13","first-page":"1311","article-title":"Thymectomy task force formed by the Medical Advisory Board of the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America","volume":"64","author":"Jaretzki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib14","first-page":"S52","article-title":"Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis: analysis of the controversies regarding technique and results","volume":"48","author":"Jaretzki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000163988.28892.79","article-title":"Quantitative myasthenia gravis score: assessment of responsiveness and longitudinal validity","volume":"64","author":"Bedlack","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24904","article-title":"Thymectomy is safe for myasthenia gravis patients: analysis of the NSQIP database","volume":"53","author":"Alshaikh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-010-1280-y","article-title":"Bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy has a surgical extent similar to that of transsternal extended thymectomy with more favorable early surgical outcomes for myasthenia gravis patients","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03722-0","article-title":"Transcervical thymectomy for myasthenia gravis achieves results comparable to thymectomy by sternotomy","volume":"74","author":"Shrager","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(96)70151-4","article-title":"Results of video-assisted thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis","volume":"112","author":"Mack","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2008.07.049","article-title":"Influence of ectopic thymic tissue on clinical outcome following extended thymectomy in generalized seropositive nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis","volume":"34","author":"Ponseti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.6.923","article-title":"Repeat thymectomy in chronic refractory myasthenia gravis","volume":"41","author":"Miller","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)35684-3","article-title":"\u201cMaximal\u201d thymectomy for myasthenia gravis: results","volume":"95","author":"Jaretzki","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib23","first-page":"83","article-title":"Reoperation after transcervical thymectomy for myasthenia gravis","volume":"32","author":"Masaoka","year":"1982","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602489","article-title":"Randomized trial of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis","volume":"375","author":"Wolfe","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a41211","article-title":"Incidence and mortality rates of myasthenia gravis and myasthenic crisis in US hospitals","volume":"72","author":"Alshekhlee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1602678","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis","volume":"375","author":"Gilhus","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib27","series-title":"Myasthenia gravis and related disorders","first-page":"43","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of myasthenia gravis","author":"Conti-Fine","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406233302507","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis","volume":"330","author":"Drachman","year":"1994","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.44","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis - autoantibody characteristics and their implications for therapy","volume":"12","author":"Gilhus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0197435","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197435","article-title":"Histopathology of thymectomy specimens from the MGTX-trial: Entropy analysis as strategy to quantify spatial heterogeneity of lymphoid follicle and fat distribution","volume":"13","author":"Weis","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000312373.67493.7f","article-title":"A\u00a0trial of mycophenolate mofetil with prednisone as initial immunotherapy in myasthenia gravis","volume":"71","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000312374.95186.cc","article-title":"An international, phase III, randomized trial of mycophenolate mofetil in myasthenia gravis","volume":"71","author":"Sanders","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e3283572588","article-title":"Myasthenia and the neuromuscular junction","volume":"25","author":"Gilhus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.001","article-title":"Pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis with antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor, muscle-specific kinase and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4","volume":"12","author":"Verschuuren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03019.x","article-title":"Guidelines for treatment of autoimmune neuromuscular transmission disorders","volume":"17","author":"Skeie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002790","article-title":"International consensus guidance for the management of myasthenia gravis","volume":"87","author":"Sanders","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2001.116191","article-title":"Thymectomy in the treatment of ocular myasthenia gravis","volume":"122","author":"Roberts","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.48.4.332","article-title":"Thymectomy in myasthenia with pure ocular symptoms","volume":"48","author":"Schumm","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198707000-00013","article-title":"Effects of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis","volume":"206","author":"Papatestas","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(89)90015-5","article-title":"Transsternal radical thymectomy for myasthenia gravis: a 15-year review","volume":"47","author":"Hatton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(96)00376-1","article-title":"Extended thymectomy for myasthenia gravis patients: a 20-year review","volume":"62","author":"Masaoka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(96)70264-7","article-title":"Delayed remission after thymectomy for myasthenia gravis of the purely ocular type","volume":"112","author":"Nakamura","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"}],"container-title":["Thoracic Surgery Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547412718301592?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547412718301592?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T06:32:29Z","timestamp":1761546749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1547412718301592"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1547412718301592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-4127"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-4127","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A Neurologist\u2019s Perspective on Thymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Thoracic Surgery Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}