{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T12:48:13Z","timestamp":1793450893568,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thoracic.theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thoracic Surgery Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T06:23:03Z","timestamp":1605766983000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Anatomy and Embryology of the Thoracic Outlet"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Margaret R.","family":"Connolly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh G.","family":"Auchincloss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib1","series-title":"Thoracic outlet syndrome","first-page":"17","article-title":"Anatomy of the thoracic outlet and related structures","author":"Sanders","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22271","article-title":"Thoracic outlet syndrome: a neurological and vascular disorder","volume":"27","author":"Klaassen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib3","series-title":"Thoracic outlet syndrome","first-page":"11","article-title":"Embryology of the thoracic outlet","author":"Tubbs","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib4","first-page":"1077","article-title":"The place for scalenectomy and first-rib resection in thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Roos","year":"1982","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480607200220","article-title":"Variations of the course of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus and their clinical significance for the thoracic outlet syndrome: A study on 93 cadavers","volume":"72","author":"Natsis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-009-0619-3","article-title":"The prefixed and postfixed brachial plexus: a review with surgical implications","author":"Pellerin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"215","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18004921514","article-title":"Intermittent subclavian vein obstruction","volume":"49","author":"Jackson","year":"1961","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-192785060-00005","article-title":"Cervival rib: A method of anterior approach for relief of symptoms by division of the scalenus anticus","volume":"85","author":"Adson","year":"1927","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib9","first-page":"359","article-title":"Osseous abnormalities of the thoracic cage seen in forty thousand consecutive chest photo roentgenograms","volume":"51","author":"Etter","year":"1944","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib10","first-page":"687","article-title":"Surgical treatment for symptoms produced by cervical ribs and the scalenus anticus muscle","volume":"85","author":"Adson","year":"1947","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib11","first-page":"546","article-title":"Cervical ribs: symptoms, differential diagnosis, and indication for section of the insertion of scalenous anticus muscle","volume":"16","author":"Adson","year":"1951","journal-title":"J\u00a0Int Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib12","first-page":"101","article-title":"Cervical ribs and their distinction from under-developed first ribs","volume":"67","author":"Firstov","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-010X(19990415)285:1<19::AID-JEZ3>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Why do almost all mammals have seven cervical vertebrae? Developmental constraints, Hox genes, and cancer","volume":"285","author":"Galis","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Zool"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.2.333","article-title":"Hox genes and the evolution of vertebrate axial morphology","volume":"121","author":"Burke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1995.1150","article-title":"Mutations in paralogous hox genes result in overlapping homeotic transformations of the axial skeleton: evidence for unique and redundant function","volume":"169","author":"Horan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib16","series-title":"Vascular surgery: basic science and clinical correlations","first-page":"146","article-title":"Thoracic outlet syndrome","author":"Machleder","year":"2005"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.13534","article-title":"Anatomical study of prefixed versus postfixed brachial plexuses in adult human cadaver","volume":"87","author":"Guday","year":"2017","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib18","first-page":"643","article-title":"Congenital malformations of the first thoracic rib; a cause of brachial neuralgia which simulates the cervical rib syndrome","volume":"81","author":"White","year":"1945","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib19","first-page":"293","article-title":"The relations of the thoracic operculum considered in reference to the anatomy of cervical ribs of surgical importance","volume":"45","author":"Todd","year":"1911","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anat"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(76)90456-6","article-title":"Congenital anomalies associated with thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"132","author":"Roos","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"344","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-29-344-455","article-title":"Genetically determined cervical ribs - a family study","volume":"29","author":"Weston","year":"1956","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"25\u201328","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib22","first-page":"1172","article-title":"A\u00a0familial case of thoracic outlet syndrome. Clinical, radiological study with treatment [French]","volume":"57","author":"Boles","year":"1981","journal-title":"Sem Hop"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1987.tb02829.x","article-title":"Autosomal dominant inheritance of cervical ribs","volume":"31","author":"Schapera","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib24","unstructured":"Milliez P. Contribution a l\u2019Etude de l\u2019Ontogenese Des Muscles Scalenes (Reconstruction d\u2019un Embryon de 2.5 Cm). Paris; 1991."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib25","first-page":"11","article-title":"The surgical anatomy of the scalene triangle","volume":"35","author":"Sanders","year":"1989","journal-title":"Contemp Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2011.05.019","article-title":"Anomalies of Thoracic Outlet in Human Fetuses: Anatomical Study","author":"Fodor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(98)00037-2","article-title":"A\u00a0comparative study of structures comprising the thoracic outlet in 250 human cadavers and 72 surgical cases of thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Redenbach","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sampson J. Medico-Surgical Tribute to Harold Brunn. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1942. p. 453.","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520350250-046"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(86)90141-8","article-title":"Effort-related axillosubclavian vein thrombosis. A new theory of pathogenesis and a plea for direct surgical intervention","volume":"152","author":"Aziz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1989.01410100055010","article-title":"Treatment of paget-schroetter syndrome: a staged, multidisciplinary approach","volume":"124","author":"Kunkel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.11.020","article-title":"Evaluation of MR angiographic technique in the assessment of thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"59","author":"Charon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"}],"container-title":["Thoracic Surgery Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S154741272030092X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S154741272030092X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T06:33:31Z","timestamp":1761546811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S154741272030092X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S154741272030092X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-4127"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-4127","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anatomy and Embryology of the Thoracic Outlet","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Thoracic Surgery Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}