{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:39:54Z","timestamp":1787315994708,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thrombosisresearch.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thrombosis Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,15]],"date-time":"2004-01-15T05:21:22Z","timestamp":1074144082000},"page":"93-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Antithrombotic effect of Glycyrrhizin, a plant-derived thrombin inhibitor"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Wallace","family":"Mendes-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariane","family":"Assafim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Ruta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robson Q","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge A","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russolina B","family":"Zingali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(93)90002-6","article-title":"A player of many parts: the spotlight falls on thrombin's structure","volume":"69","author":"Stubbs","year":"1993","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7106","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00418a066","article-title":"Anion-binding exosite of human \u03b1-thrombin and fibrin(ogen) recognition","volume":"27","author":"Fenton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)47326-2","article-title":"The region of the thrombin receptor resembling hirudin binds to thrombin and alters enzyme specificity","volume":"266","author":"Liu","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(87)81264-4","article-title":"Antithrombin properties of C-terminus of hirudin using synthetic unsulfated N-alpha-acetyl-hirudin45\u201365","volume":"11","author":"Krstenansky","year":"1987","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1642665","article-title":"Thrombin specificity","volume":"74","author":"Guillin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5518","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.12.5518","article-title":"Molecular mapping of the heparin-binding exosite of thrombin","volume":"91","author":"Sheehan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.1_suppl.95S","article-title":"New anticoagulant drugs","volume":"119","author":"Weitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB8","first-page":"357","article-title":"Direct thrombin inhibitors: appraisal of the antithrombotic\/hemorrhagic balance","volume":"78","author":"Verstraete","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thomb. Heamost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/00062752-199909000-00005","article-title":"Thrombin inhibitors as anticoagulant agents","volume":"6","author":"Pineo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-960045","article-title":"Mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of glycyrrhizin: effect on neutrophil functions including reactive oxygen species generation","volume":"57","author":"Akamatsu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB11","first-page":"183","article-title":"Eosinophilic peritonitis responding to treatment with glycyrrhizin","volume":"16","author":"Takeda","year":"1991","journal-title":"Tokai J. Exp. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/281689a0","article-title":"Glycyrrhizic acid inhibits virus growth and inactivates virus particles","volume":"281","author":"Pompei","year":"1979","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/5.11.1529","article-title":"Antitumor-promoting activity of glycyrrhetic acid in mouse skin tumor formation induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene plus teleocidin","volume":"5","author":"Nishino","year":"1984","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)32068-9","article-title":"Sialyl Lewis X mimics derived from a pharmacophore search are selectin inhibitors with anti-inflammatory activity","volume":"269","author":"Rao","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6735","article-title":"Identification of glycyrrhizin as a thrombin inhibitor","volume":"235","author":"Francischetti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2800805","article-title":"A novel one-step purification of human \u03b1-thrombin after direct activation of crude prothrombin enriched from plasma","volume":"280","author":"Ngai","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(89)90210-7","article-title":"Comparison of two experimental thrombosis models in rats effects of four glycosaminoglycans","volume":"54","author":"Vogel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1616760","article-title":"Dual effects of sulfated D-galactans from the red algae Botryocladia occidentalis preventing thrombosis and inducing platelet aggregation","volume":"86","author":"Farias","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB19","first-page":"74","article-title":"Effect of KC-6141, an anti-aggregating compound, on experimental thrombosis in rats","volume":"39","author":"Umetsu","year":"1978","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.79.3.590","article-title":"Biochemical and pharmacological properties of SANORG 32701. Comparison with the \u201csynthetic pentasacharide (SR90107\/org 31549)\u201d and standard heparin","volume":"79","author":"Herbert","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1615003","article-title":"BCH-2763, a novel potent parenteral thrombin inhibitor, is an effective antithrombotic agent in rodent models of arterial and venous thrombosis-comparisons with heparin, r-hirudin, hirulog, inogatran and argatroban","volume":"79","author":"Finkle","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1648488","article-title":"In vivo significance of kinetic constants of tight binding reversible proteinase inhibitors","volume":"67","author":"Longstaff","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(00)00298-X","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo studies of AT-1362, a newly synthesized and orally active inhibitor of thrombin","volume":"100","author":"Cho","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB24","first-page":"1512","article-title":"The antithrombotic efficacy of AT-1459, a novel, direct thrombin inhibitor, in rat models of venous and arterial thrombosis","volume":"86","author":"Cho","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600810925","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhizin after intravenous administration to rats","volume":"81","author":"Tsai","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.40.1917","article-title":"Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhizin in rats","volume":"40","author":"Ishida","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(91)90210-V","article-title":"Hydrolysis of glycyrrhizin to 18\u03b2-glycyrrhetyl monoglucuronide by lysossomal \u03b2-D-glucuronidase of animal livers","volume":"41","author":"Akao","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.21.1036","article-title":"Distribution of enzymes involved in the metabolism of glycyrrhizin in various organs of rat","volume":"21","author":"Akao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1649913","article-title":"Insight into the mechanism of action of heparin cofactor II","volume":"74","author":"Tollefsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-125-2-1046","article-title":"Licorice inhibits corticosteroid 11 beta-dehydrogenase of rat kidney and liver: in vivo and in vitro studies","volume":"125","author":"Monder","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(97)00094-7","article-title":"Antithrombotic effects of NE-6505, a novel anion-binding exosite inhibitor","volume":"86","author":"Muramatsu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)39562-5","article-title":"Comparison of thrombin active site and exosite inhibitors and heparin in experimental models of arterial and venous thrombosis and bleeding","volume":"267","author":"Schumacher","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6836310","article-title":"Monocyte chemotaxis: stimulation by specific exosite region in thrombin","volume":"220","author":"Bar-Shavit","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB34","first-page":"336","article-title":"Interactions of neutrophils and coagulation proteins","volume":"34","author":"Gillis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1642691","article-title":"Role of platelets, thrombin, integrin IIb\u2013IIIa, fibronectin and von Willebrand factor on tumor adhesion in vitro and metastasis in vivo","volume":"74","author":"Nierodzik","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0945-053X(00)00079-2","article-title":"Effects of thrombin\/thrombosis in angiogenesis and tumour progression","volume":"19","author":"Maragoudakis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."}],"container-title":["Thrombosis Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0049384803005425?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0049384803005425?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T17:34:05Z","timestamp":1758735245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0049384803005425"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003]]}},"alternative-id":["S0049384803005425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-3848"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-3848","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antithrombotic effect of Glycyrrhizin, a plant-derived thrombin inhibitor","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Thrombosis Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.10.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}