{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T22:19:21Z","timestamp":1792275561268,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thrombosisresearch.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thrombosis Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T13:01:06Z","timestamp":1584104466000},"page":"52-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Short-term exposure to PM2.5 and risk of venous thromboembolism: A case-crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"190","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0282-5378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Renzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Stafoggia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Michelozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Davoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Forastiere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo G.","family":"Solimini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2017.1.121","article-title":"Incidental venous thromboembolism: is anticoagulation indicated?","volume":"2017","author":"Di Nisio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hematology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0010","series-title":"The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism","author":"Rathbun","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18028","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.28","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism","volume":"4","author":"Huisman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.6.809","article-title":"Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism","volume":"160","author":"Heit","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30514-1","article-title":"Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism","volume":"388","author":"Di Nisio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2013.05.031","article-title":"Time trends in pulmonary embolism: a matter of age and gender","volume":"132","author":"Z\u00f6ller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0035","series-title":"Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated With Venous Thromboembolism","volume":"1\u201311","author":"Gregson","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2010.03.016","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical history of incidental, asymptomatic pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis","volume":"125","author":"Dentali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.10.061","article-title":"Analysis of occurrence of venous thromboembolic disease in the four seasons","volume":"93","author":"Stein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0050","series-title":"The Epidemiology of Venous Thromboembolism","first-page":"4","author":"White","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61306-8","article-title":"Risk of pulmonary embolism in patients with autoimmune disorders: a nationwide follow-up study from Sweden","volume":"379","author":"Z\u00f6ller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.10.1127","article-title":"Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases","volume":"295","author":"Dominici","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-11-60","article-title":"Traffic air pollution and mortality from cardiovascular disease and all causes: a Danish cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Raaschou-Nielsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0070","series-title":"Associations of Short-term Exposure to Traffic-related Air Pollution With Cardiovascular and Respiratory Hospital Admissions in London, Uk","first-page":"300","author":"Samoli","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20070444","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of air pollution","volume":"115","author":"Brook","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.009913","article-title":"Long-term exposure to particulate matter air pollution is a risk factor for stroke","volume":"46","author":"Scheers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0085","series-title":"Ambient Air Pollution Is Associated With Increased Risk of Hospital Cardiac Readmissions of Myocardial Infarction Survivors in Five European Cities","author":"Von Klot","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14060661","article-title":"Association between air pollution and emergency room visits for atrial fibrillation","volume":"14","author":"Solimini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32794","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32794","article-title":"Air pollution and venous thrombosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-017-0237-x","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and thrombosis","volume":"15","author":"Robertson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0105","first-page":"1","article-title":"Air pollution and venous thrombosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP19","article-title":"Analysis of temporal variability in the short-term effects of ambient air pollutants on nonaccidental mortality in Rome, Italy (1998\u20132014)","volume":"125","author":"Renzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0115","first-page":"209","article-title":"Environmental indicators in EpiAir2 project: air quality data for epidemiological surveillance (in Italian)","volume":"37","author":"Gandini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200908-1269OC","article-title":"Susceptibility factors to ozone-related mortality: a population-based case-crossover analysis","volume":"182","author":"Stafoggia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1979)018<0861:TAOSPI>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The assessment of sultriness. Part I: a temperature-humidity index based on human physiology and clothing science","volume":"18","author":"Steadman","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg096","article-title":"Modifiers of the temperature and mortality association in seven US cities","volume":"157","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115853","article-title":"The case-crossover design: a method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events","volume":"133","author":"Maclure","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2016-103666","article-title":"Does chronic exposure to high levels of nitrogen dioxide exacerbate the short-term effects of airborne particles?","author":"Faustini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0145","first-page":"53","article-title":"Methods of statistical analysis to evaluate the short term effects of air pollution for the EpiAir Project (in Italian)","volume":"33","author":"Stafoggia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00093710","article-title":"The relationship between ambient particulate matter and respiratory mortality: a multi-city study in Italy","volume":"38","author":"Faustini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v043.i08","article-title":"Distributed lag linear and non-linear models in R: the package dlnm","volume":"43","author":"Gasparrini","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0160","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1","article-title":"Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease","volume":"121","author":"Brook","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0170","first-page":"523","article-title":"Ambient particle inhalation and the cardiovascular system: potential mechanisms","volume":"109","author":"Donaldson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12006","article-title":"Air pollution, vascular disease and thrombosis: linking clinical data and pathogenic mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Franchini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2007.10.019","article-title":"Venous and arterial thrombosis: different sides of the same coin?","volume":"19","author":"Franchini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-343111","article-title":"Thrombogenicity and cardiovascular effects of ambient air pollution","volume":"118","author":"Franchini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2007.02300.x","article-title":"Effects of exposure to air pollution on blood coagulation","volume":"5","author":"Baccarelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0195","series-title":"Inquinamento atmosferico e ricoveri ospedalieri urgenti in nove citt\u00e0 italiane. Risultati del Progetto EpiAir Air Pollution and Urgent Hospital Admissions in Nine Italian Cities. Results of the EpiAir Project","volume":"33","author":"Colais","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034831","article-title":"Access rate to the emergency department for venous thromboembolism in relationship with coarse and fine particulate matter air pollution","volume":"7","author":"Martinelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03760.x","article-title":"Air pollution and hospitalization for venous thromboembolic disease in Chile","volume":"8","author":"Dales","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-304963","article-title":"Short-term effects of air pollution on a range of cardiovascular events in England and Wales: case-crossover analysis of the MINAP database, hospital admissions and mortality","volume":"100","author":"Milojevic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12873","article-title":"Effects of airborne fine particles (PM2.5) on deep vein thrombosis admissions in the northeastern United States","volume":"13","author":"Kloog","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7313.601","article-title":"Seasonal variations in hospital admission for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: analysis of discharge data","volume":"323","author":"Boulay","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029608319947","article-title":"Seasonal variation in the occurrence of venous thromboembolism: data from the MASTER registry","volume":"15","author":"Manfredini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Appl. Thromb."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1206151","article-title":"Short-term associations between fine and coarse particulate matter and hospitalizations in Southern Europe: results from the MED-PARTICLES project","volume":"121","author":"Stafoggia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2016.12.024","article-title":"Seasonal variation of pulmonary embolism and age dependence","volume":"150","author":"Z\u00f6ller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.6.585","article-title":"Trends in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a 25-year population-based study","volume":"158","author":"Silverstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01598.x","article-title":"Differential value of risk factors and clinical signs for diagnosing pulmonary embolism according to age","volume":"3","author":"Le Gal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187648","article-title":"Sex differences in the characteristics and short-term prognosis of patients presenting with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism","volume":"12","author":"Barrios","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.521344","article-title":"High-density lipoprotein deficiency and dyslipoproteinemia associated with venous thrombosis in men","volume":"112","author":"Deguchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.16.1886","article-title":"Smoking and abdominal obesity","volume":"159","author":"Hansson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0191112","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191112","article-title":"Association between PM10, PM2.5, NO2, O3 and self-reported diabetes in Italy: a cross-sectional, ecological study","volume":"13","author":"Orioli","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.06.008","article-title":"Air pollution in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: A review","volume":"11","author":"Farhat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2009.07.033","article-title":"Air pollution as a potential contributor to the \u2018epidemic\u2019 of autoimmune disease","volume":"74","author":"Ritz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1024\/0301-1526\/a000222","article-title":"Varicose veins are a risk factor for deep venous thrombosis in general practice patients","volume":"41","author":"M\u00fcller-B\u00fchl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vasa."}],"container-title":["Thrombosis Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0049384820300815?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0049384820300815?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T17:41:17Z","timestamp":1758735677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0049384820300815"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0049384820300815"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-3848"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-3848","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Short-term exposure to PM2.5 and risk of venous thromboembolism: A case-crossover study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Thrombosis Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}