{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:46:43Z","timestamp":1791942403289,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T12:25:39Z","timestamp":1774873539000},"page":"2067-2101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Engineered phage-derived lysins effectively kill mycobacterial pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Adel","family":"Abouhmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Kassaliete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Davids","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Grimon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"Dishisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Abdelkader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zienab E.","family":"Eldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mats","family":"Clarsund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Briers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Godaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5229-5814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajni","family":"Hatti-Kaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0005","series-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2024","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2013.11.011","article-title":"Mycolic acids: structures, biosynthesis, and beyond","volume":"21","author":"Marrakchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560802694564","article-title":"Tuberculosis pharmacotherapy: strategies to optimize patient care","volume":"10","author":"Mitnick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0020","article-title":"Tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection: an updated review","volume":"92","author":"Mishra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/419392","article-title":"Drug susceptibility testing of 31 antimicrobial agents on rapidly growing mycobacteria isolates from China","volume":"2015","author":"Pang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0030","series-title":"WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis: Module 4: Treatment and Care","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1394220","article-title":"Treatment for non-tuberculous mycobacteria: challenges and prospects","volume":"15","author":"Conyers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.12.2300164","article-title":"Ending tuberculosis in Europe\u2014resetting the course in the post-COVID-19 era","volume":"28","author":"Ammon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14030221","article-title":"A comprehensive overview of antibacterial agents for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria: the current landscape, development, future opportunities, and challenges","volume":"14","author":"Gajic","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202414325","article-title":"Fighting antimicrobial resistance: innovative drugs in antibacterial research","volume":"64","author":"S\u00fcssmuth","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.01.002","article-title":"Recent advances in deciphering the contribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipids to pathogenesis","volume":"91","author":"Neyrolles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12992","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M800222200","article-title":"The identification and location of succinyl residues and the characterization of the interior arabinan region allow for a model of the complete primary structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mycolyl arabinogalactan","volume":"283","author":"Bhamidi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3963","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709530105","article-title":"Disclosure of the mycobacterial outer membrane: cryo-electron tomography and vitreous sections reveal the lipid bilayer structure","volume":"105","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0070","series-title":"Mycobacterial Cell Envelope","first-page":"3","article-title":"The global architecture of the mycobacterial cell envelope","author":"Daff\u00e9","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(96)80193-4","article-title":"Structure of the cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"26","author":"Daff\u00e9","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med. Mal. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5672","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01919-07","article-title":"Direct visualization of the outer membrane of mycobacteria and corynebacteria in their native state","volume":"190","author":"Zuber","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000794","article-title":"Direct visualization by Cryo-EM of the mycobacterial capsular layer: a labile structure containing ESX-1-secreted proteins","volume":"6","author":"Sani","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00731-y","article-title":"Anti-tuberculosis treatment strategies and drug development: challenges and priorities","volume":"20","author":"Dartois","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.3390\/v10080428","article-title":"Mycobacteriophage lysis enzymes: targeting the mycobacterial cell envelope","volume":"10","author":"Catal\u00e3o","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S218638","article-title":"Phage therapy as a renewed therapeutic approach to mycobacterial infections: a comprehensive review","volume":"12","author":"Azimi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020515","article-title":"A second endolysin gene is fully embedded in-frame with the lysA gene of mycobacteriophage Ms6","volume":"6","author":"Catal\u00e3o","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19277","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules201019277","article-title":"Antimycobacterial activities of endolysins derived from a mycobacteriophage, BTCU-1","volume":"20","author":"Lai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00659-21","article-title":"Exploration of synergistic action of cell wall-degrading enzymes against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"65","author":"van Schie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04597-22","article-title":"Mycobacteriophage D29 lysin B exhibits promising anti-mycobacterial activity against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectrum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093176","article-title":"Exploring the enzymatic and antibacterial activities of novel mycobacteriophage lysin B enzymes","volume":"21","author":"Abouhmad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01379-14","article-title":"Engineered endolysin-based \u201cArtilysins\u201d to combat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens","volume":"5","author":"Briers","year":"2014","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0135","unstructured":"Miller, S. (2014) Composition for use in mycobacteria therapy, 2014001572"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2023.108250","article-title":"Design strategies for positively charged endolysins: insights into Artilysin development","volume":"69","author":"Carratal\u00e1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.12166","article-title":"Construction of a chimeric lysin Ply187N-V12C with extended lytic activity against staphylococci and streptococci","volume":"8","author":"Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35382","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35382","article-title":"\u2018Artilysation\u2019 of endolysin \u03bbSa2lys strongly improves its enzymatic and antibacterial activity against streptococci","volume":"6","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rubio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2017.12.009","article-title":"Synthetic biology of modular endolysins","volume":"36","author":"Gerstmans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.097","article-title":"Cell penetrating peptides: a concise review with emphasis on biomedical applications","volume":"108","author":"Derakhshankhah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0449fje","article-title":"Cell entry and antimicrobial properties of eukaryotic cell-penetrating peptides","volume":"18","author":"Nekhotiaeva","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15082091","article-title":"Membrane-active peptides and their potential biomedical application","volume":"15","author":"Gostaviceanu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz1136","article-title":"A VersaTile-driven platform for rapid hit-to-lead development of engineered lysins","volume":"6","author":"Gerstmans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00380-18","article-title":"A Phage lysin fused to a cell-penetrating peptide kills intracellular methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in keratinocytes and has potential as a treatment for skin infections in mice","volume":"84","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12087","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68983-3","article-title":"Exploiting phage receptor binding proteins to enable endolysins to kill Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"10","author":"Zampara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10010045","article-title":"Comparative structural analysis of different mycobacteriophage-derived mycolylarabinogalactan esterases (Lysin B)","volume":"10","author":"Korany","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm207","article-title":"Resazurin reduction assays for screening of anti-tubercular compounds against dormant and actively growing Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium smegmatis","volume":"60","author":"Taneja","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-6215(93)84102-C","article-title":"Major structural features of the cell wall arabinogalactans of Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, and Nocardia spp","volume":"249","author":"Daff\u00e9","year":"1993","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0205","article-title":"ISO 10993-5: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices: Part 5: Tests for in vitro Cytotoxiciy","volume":"34","author":"ISO","year":"2009","journal-title":"ISO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0210","article-title":"Mycobacterium smegmatis: the vanguard of mycobacterial research","volume":"205","author":"Sparks Ian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0215","first-page":"989","article-title":"Rapid and high-throughput evaluation of diverse configurations of engineered lysins using the VersaTile technique","volume":"10","author":"Duyvejonck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.01.015","article-title":"Antibacterial properties of Latarcin 1 derived cell-penetrating peptides","volume":"115","author":"Budagavi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.02.007","article-title":"Towards clinical breakpoints for non-tuberculous mycobacteria\u2014determination of epidemiological cut off values for the Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium abscessus using broth microdilution","volume":"29","author":"Froberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007113","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of mycobacteriophage D29 Lysin B during Mycobacterium ulcerans infection","volume":"13","author":"Fraga","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03534-23","article-title":"Targeting intracellular nontuberculous mycobacteria and M. tuberculosis with a bactericidal enzymatic cocktail","volume":"12","author":"Bartlett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectrum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2014.04.018","article-title":"Growth inhibition of Mycobacterium smegmatis by mycobacteriophage-derived enzymes","volume":"63","author":"Grover","year":"2014","journal-title":"Enzym. Microb. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.10.2534","article-title":"Identification and characterization of novel antimicrobial decapeptides generated by combinatorial chemistry","volume":"42","author":"Hong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000912","article-title":"In vitro activity of 12 antimicrobial peptides against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium clinical isolates","volume":"68","author":"Portell-Buj","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.08.144","article-title":"Antibiotic activity and structural analysis of the scorpion-derived antimicrobial peptide IsCT and its analogs","volume":"323","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2018-0278OC","article-title":"Nontuberculous Mycobacteria show differential infectivity and use phospholipids to antagonize LL-37","volume":"62","author":"Honda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0265","article-title":"Endolysin B as a new archetype in Mycobacterium tuberculosis treatment","author":"Griego","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00420","article-title":"Phthiocerol dimycocerosates from Mycobacterium tuberculosis increase the membrane activity of bacterial effectors and host receptors","volume":"10","author":"Augenstreich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.06.023","article-title":"Features of the biochemistry of Mycobacterium smegmatis, as a possible model for Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"13","author":"Ranjitha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02927","article-title":"Improved biodistribution and extended serum half-life of a bacteriophage endolysin by albumin binding domain fusion","volume":"9","author":"Seijsing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2008.09.012","article-title":"Bacteriophage lysins as effective antibacterials","volume":"11","author":"Fischetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20150192","article-title":"From endolysins to Artilysins\u00ae: novel enzyme-based approaches to kill drug-resistant bacteria","volume":"44","author":"Gerstmans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6199","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.11.6199-6204.2003","article-title":"Phage lytic enzyme Cpl-1 as a novel antimicrobial for pneumococcal bacteremia","volume":"71","author":"Loeffler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2020.1809346","article-title":"Advanced engineering of third-generation lysins and formulation strategies for clinical applications","volume":"46","author":"De Maesschalck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/19.5.916","article-title":"Cellular transport of drugs","volume":"19","author":"Steinberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.14339","article-title":"Development of engineered endolysins with in vitro intracellular activity against streptococcal bovine mastitis-causing pathogens","volume":"16","author":"Vander Elst","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475-018-0161-7","article-title":"Overview of cutaneous mycobacterial infections","volume":"5","author":"Franco-Paredes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Trop. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00162-23","article-title":"Intrapulmonary treatment with mycobacteriophage LysB rapidly reduces Mycobacterium abscessus burden","volume":"67","author":"Hurst-Hess","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.6.1170","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility vs. in vivo efficacy of various antimicrobial agents against the Bacteroides fragilis group","volume":"13","author":"Brook","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2024.102433","article-title":"Gram-negative endolysins: overcoming the outer membrane obstacle","volume":"78","author":"Sisson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.100639","article-title":"The multidomain architecture of a bacteriophage endolysin enables intramolecular synergism and regulation of bacterial lysis","volume":"296","author":"Oechslin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt131","article-title":"Delivery of the endolysin Cpl-1 by inhalation rescues mice with fatal pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"68","author":"Doehn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.13152","article-title":"A bacteriophage endolysin that eliminates intracellular streptococci","volume":"5","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.4161\/bbug.1.6.13422","article-title":"The truncated phage lysin CHAP(k) eliminates Staphylococcus aureus in the nares of mice","volume":"1","author":"Fenton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioeng. Bugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3365","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1265","article-title":"Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs in Malawian patients with tuberculosis","volume":"73","author":"McCallum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.10.008","article-title":"A novel derivative of the fungal antimicrobial peptide plectasin is active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"113","author":"Tenland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212858","article-title":"Effective delivery of the anti-mycobacterial peptide NZX in mesoporous silica nanoparticles","volume":"14","author":"Tenland","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0370","unstructured":"D. Grimon, et al. (2019) Polynucleotide shuffling method, 2018114980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.102","article-title":"Practical protocols for production of very high yields of recombinant proteins using Escherichia coli","volume":"18","author":"Sivashanmugam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0380","series-title":"Heterologous Gene Expression in E. Coli: Methods and Protocols","first-page":"127","article-title":"High yield of recombinant protein in shaken E. coli cultures with enzymatic glucose release medium EnPresso B","author":"Ukkonen","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-022-01488-1","article-title":"ColabFold: making protein folding accessible to all","volume":"19","author":"Mirdita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0390","series-title":"Protein Engineering: Methods and Protocols","first-page":"43","article-title":"YASARA: a tool to obtain structural guidance in biocatalytic investigations","author":"Land","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W210","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac387","article-title":"Dali server: structural unification of protein families","volume":"50","author":"Holm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-022-01585-1","article-title":"US-align: universal structure alignments of proteins, nucleic acids, and macromolecular complexes","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16965","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83755-3","article-title":"A broad spectrum anti-bacterial peptide with an adjunct potential for tuberculosis chemotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Rao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.7b00219","article-title":"Immobilization to positively charged cellulose nanocrystals enhances the antibacterial activity and stability of hen egg white and T4 lysozyme","volume":"18","author":"Abouhmad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0415","article-title":"Antimicrobial properties and membrane-active mechanism of a potential \u03b1-helical antimicrobial derived from cathelicidin PMAP-36","volume":"9","author":"Lv","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4325","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27144325","article-title":"Membrane permeabilization and antimicrobial activity of recombinant defensin-d2 and actifensin against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans","volume":"27","author":"Gbala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp262","article-title":"Evaluation of wild-type MIC distributions as a tool for determination of clinical breakpoints for Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"64","author":"Schon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129675","article-title":"A novel synergistic enzyme-antibiotic therapy with immobilization of mycobacteriophage Lysin B enzyme onto Rif@UiO-66 nanocomposite for enhanced inhaled anti-TB therapy; Nanoenzybiotics approach","volume":"262","author":"Eldin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."}],"container-title":["Trends in Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167779926000545?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167779926000545?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T20:56:05Z","timestamp":1782939365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167779926000545"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0167779926000545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-7799"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-7799","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Engineered phage-derived lysins effectively kill mycobacterial pathogens","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Biotechnology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.02.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}