{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:52:35Z","timestamp":1791665555150,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP1DK130673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP1DK130673"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000092","name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01LM014465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01LM014465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000150","name":"Office of Emerging Frontiers and Multidisciplinary Activities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2422348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2422348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:27:37Z","timestamp":1790828857000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toward adaptive cyborg tissues"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeantine","family":"Lunshof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0259-3","article-title":"Human organoids: model systems for human biology and medicine","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.051","article-title":"Human organoids: new strategies and methods for analyzing human development and disease","volume":"185","author":"Corsini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-00804-4","article-title":"Rethinking organoid technology through bioengineering","volume":"20","author":"Garreta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-021-00279-y","article-title":"Engineering organoids","volume":"6","author":"Hofer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-111020-090812","article-title":"Challenges of organoid research","volume":"45","author":"Andrews","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03489-3","article-title":"Clinical applications of human organoids","volume":"31","author":"Verstegen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.12.012","article-title":"Cell maturation: hallmarks, triggers, and manipulation","volume":"185","author":"Alvarez-Dominguez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2015.115","article-title":"Syringe-injectable electronics","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3969","article-title":"Stable long-term chronic brain mapping at the single-neuron level","volume":"13","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14769","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2000207117","article-title":"Intrinsically stretchable electrode array enabled in vivo electrophysiological mapping of atrial fibrillation at cellular resolution","volume":"117","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-023-01545-6","article-title":"3D spatiotemporally scalable in vivo neural probes based on fluorinated elastomers","volume":"19","author":"Le Floch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-026-01608-1","article-title":"A three-dimensional micro-instrumented neural network device","volume":"9","author":"Mritunjay","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5781","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b02512","article-title":"Cyborg organoids: implantation of nanoelectronics via organogenesis for tissue-wide electrophysiology","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-025-01147-7","article-title":"Cyborg organoids integrated with stretchable nanoelectronics can be functionally mapped during development","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0075","article-title":"Stretchable mesh nanoelectronics for 3D single-cell chronic electrophysiology from developing brain organoids","volume":"34","author":"Le Floch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade8513","article-title":"Tissue-embedded stretchable nanoelectronics reveal endothelial cell-mediated electrical maturation of human 3D cardiac microtissues","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aeb3295","article-title":"Implanted flexible electronics reveal principles of human islet cell electrical maturation","volume":"391","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09106-8","article-title":"Brain implantation of soft bioelectronics via embryonic development","volume":"642","author":"Sheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat5691","article-title":"Three-dimensional intact-tissue sequencing of single-cell transcriptional states","volume":"361","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06569-5","article-title":"Spatial atlas of the mouse central nervous system at molecular resolution","volume":"622","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-025-02867-0","article-title":"Scalable spatial single-cell transcriptomics and translatomics in 3D thick tissue blocks","volume":"22","author":"Sui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01251-x","article-title":"Integrative in situ mapping of single-cell transcriptional states and tissue histopathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa8415","article-title":"Machine learning: trends, perspectives, and prospects","volume":"349","author":"Jordan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4233","article-title":"Deep learning in biomedicine","volume":"36","author":"Wainberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.023","article-title":"Multimodal charting of molecular and functional cell states via in situ electro-sequencing","volume":"186","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, R. et al. An AI-cyborg system for adaptive intelligent modulation of organoid maturation. bioRxiv. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.12.07.627355","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.12.07.627355"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.11.007","article-title":"Mesh electronics: a new paradigm for tissue-like brain probes","volume":"50","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s42234-024-00163-4","article-title":"Next generation bioelectronic medicine: making the case for non-invasive closed-loop autonomic neuromodulation","volume":"11","author":"Lerman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioelectron. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0140-6","article-title":"Novel electrode technologies for neural recordings","volume":"20","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-0679-7","article-title":"Materials for flexible bioelectronic systems as chronic neural interfaces","volume":"19","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0155","article-title":"Highly customizable 3D microelectrode arrays for in vitro and in vivo neuronal tissue recordings","volume":"11","author":"Abu Shihada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0160","article-title":"Large-area field potential imaging having single neuron resolution using 236 880 electrodes CMOS-MEA technology","volume":"10","author":"Suzuki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3603","DOI":"10.1039\/D3LC00294B","article-title":"Protruding cantilever microelectrode array to monitor the inner electrical activity of cerebral organoids","volume":"23","author":"Phouphetlinthong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-02081-3","article-title":"Kirigami electronics for long-term electrophysiological recording of human neural organoids and assembloids","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abf9153","article-title":"Three-dimensional, multifunctional neural interfaces for cortical spheroids and engineered assembloids","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax0729","article-title":"Organ-on-e-chip: three-dimensional self-rolled biosensor array for electrical interrogations of human electrogenic spheroids","volume":"5","author":"Kalmykov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq5031","article-title":"Shell microelectrode arrays (MEAs) for brain organoids","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46636-7","article-title":"Graphene-integrated mesh electronics with converged multifunctionality for tracking multimodal excitation-contraction dynamics in cardiac microtissues","volume":"15","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4590","article-title":"Engineered hybrid cardiac patches with multifunctional electronics for online monitoring and regulation of tissue function","volume":"15","author":"Feiner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2019.11.011","article-title":"Circadian entrainment triggers maturation of human in vitro islets","volume":"26","author":"Alvarez-Dominguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01219-z","article-title":"Functional, metabolic and transcriptional maturation of human pancreatic islets derived from stem cells","volume":"40","author":"Balboa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2023.102580","article-title":"Scalable generation of 3D pancreatic islet organoids from human pluripotent stem cells in suspension bioreactors","volume":"4","author":"Pollock","year":"2023","journal-title":"STAR Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf6484","article-title":"Signature morphoelectric properties of diverse GABAergic interneurons in the human neocortex","volume":"382","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm5224","article-title":"Fate mapping of neural stem cell niches reveals distinct origins of human cortical astrocytes","volume":"376","author":"Allen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8382","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-73883-7","article-title":"In situ graphene-seq: spatial transcriptomics and chronic electrophysiological characterization of tissue microenvironments","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1093\/stmcls\/sxad072","article-title":"Application of organoids in regenerative medicine","volume":"41","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-023-00063-3","article-title":"Human disease models in drug development","volume":"1","author":"Loewa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-025-01317-y","article-title":"Human organoids as 3D in vitro platforms for drug discovery: opportunities and challenges","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-023-01069-w","article-title":"Brain organoid reservoir computing for artificial intelligence","volume":"6","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fsci.2023.1017235","article-title":"Organoid intelligence (OI): the new frontier in biocomputing and intelligence-in-a-dish","volume":"1","author":"Smirnova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0255","article-title":"Spatial transcriptomics AI agent charts hPSC-pancreas maturation in vivo","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0260","series-title":"IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","first-page":"10028","article-title":"Gaussian max-value entropy search for multi-agent Bayesian optimization","author":"Ma","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0016-3","article-title":"Advanced maturation of human cardiac tissue grown from pluripotent stem cells","volume":"556","author":"Ronaldson-Bouchard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2024.08.002","article-title":"Spatial omics advances for in situ RNA biology","volume":"84","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0275","article-title":"Spike sorting AI agent","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.09.022","article-title":"Empowering biomedical discovery with AI agents","volume":"187","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.31486\/toj.19.0088","article-title":"Understanding broad consent","volume":"20","author":"Maloy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ochsner J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-026-02316-8","article-title":"Researchers are building computers that run on brain organoids\u2014but have neglected a major ethical issue","volume":"655","author":"Salem","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Trends in Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167779926003793?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167779926003793?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:41:48Z","timestamp":1791664908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167779926003793"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S0167779926003793"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-7799"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-7799","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Toward adaptive cyborg tissues","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Biotechnology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tibtech.2026.09.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}