{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T11:49:03Z","timestamp":1794052143524,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tissue and Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T11:09:08Z","timestamp":1654513748000},"page":"101852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Wnt and Smad signaling pathways synergistically regulated the osteogenic differentiation of fibroblasts in ankylosing spondylitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.7748\/ns2013.12.28.16.52.e7807","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis: diagnosis and management","volume":"28","author":"Bond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nurs. Stand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.10.1754","article-title":"The loss of Smad3 results in a lower rate of bone formation and osteopenia through dysregulation of osteoblast differentiation and apoptosis","volume":"16","author":"Borton","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6555","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27948","article-title":"Synergistic effect of extracellularly supplemented osteopontin and osteocalcin on stem cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenic properties","volume":"120","author":"Carvalho","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib4","first-page":"2320","article-title":"Targeting DKK1 prevents development of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rats","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00394","article-title":"Human fibroblasts as a model for the study of bone disorders","volume":"11","author":"Claeys","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2663-6","article-title":"Wnt signaling in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"33","author":"Corr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib7","first-page":"7","article-title":"Changes in ankylosing spondylitis incidence, prevalence and time to diagnosis over two decades","author":"Crossfield","year":"2021","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27231","article-title":"Evidence that Dkk-1 is dysfunctional in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"62","author":"Daoussis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11452","article-title":"Dkk1 acts as a negative regulator in the osteogenic differentiation of the posterior longitudinal ligament cells","volume":"44","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/s00393-016-0101-7","article-title":"Inflammation and bone: osteoimmunological aspects","volume":"75","author":"Frommer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Z. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib11","first-page":"780","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis: an update","volume":"42","author":"Golder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aust. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-7817","article-title":"Osteogenic differentiation characteristics of hip joint capsule fibroblasts obtained from patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.105.017483","article-title":"Characterization of SIS3, a novel specific inhibitor of Smad3, and its effect on transforming growth factor-beta1-induced extracellular matrix expression","volume":"69","author":"Jinnin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03266-3","article-title":"Smad linker region phosphorylation is a signalling pathway in its own right and not only a modulator of canonical TGF-\u03b2 signalling","volume":"77","author":"Kamato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2425-5","article-title":"Wnt signaling and cellular metabolism in osteoblasts","volume":"74","author":"Karner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.09.091","article-title":"Annexin A2, up-regulated by IL-6, promotes the ossification of ligament fibroblasts from ankylosing spondylitis patients","volume":"84","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40468","article-title":"Inflammation intensity-dependent expression of osteoinductive Wnt proteins is critical for ectopic new bone formation in Ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"70","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib18","first-page":"1085","article-title":"Dynamic expression of SMAD3 is critical in osteoblast differentiation of PDMCs","volume":"43","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6090","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30313","article-title":"Osteoimmunological insights into the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"236","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.601224","article-title":"Recent advances of osterix transcription factor in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI93555","article-title":"Fibroblast heterogeneity: implications for human disease","volume":"128","author":"Lynch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-017-0644-x","article-title":"The paradox of bone formation and bone loss in ankylosing spondylitis: evolving new concepts of bone formation and future trends in management","volume":"19","author":"Magrey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115054","article-title":"Increased anabolic bone response in Dkk1 KO mice following tibial compressive loading","volume":"131","author":"Morse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.016","article-title":"Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling, disease, and emerging therapeutic modalities","volume":"169","author":"Nusse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34481","article-title":"Dkk-1 expression in chondrocytes inhibits experimental osteoarthritic cartilage destruction in mice","volume":"64","author":"Oh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1150","article-title":"Regulation of cell death: the calcium-apoptosis link","volume":"4","author":"Orrenius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.12.006","article-title":"Synovial fibroblasts and articular tissue remodelling: role and mechanisms","volume":"101","author":"Pap","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.56","article-title":"Pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis - recent advances and future directions","volume":"13","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vi4","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key001","article-title":"Progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"57","author":"Simone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.010","article-title":"Smad signaling in skeletal development and regeneration","volume":"20","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144855","article-title":"Alkaline phosphatase: structure, expression and its function in bone mineralization","volume":"754","author":"Vimalraj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib32","first-page":"1523","article-title":"Wild-type Smad3 gene promotes osteoblastic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro","volume":"84","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zhonghua yi xue za zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.153.1.35","article-title":"TGF-beta\/Smad3 signals repress chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation and are required for maintaining articular cartilage","volume":"153","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-019-0046-1","article-title":"Overexpression of Dlx2 enhances osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and MC3T3-E1 cells via direct upregulation of Osteocalcin and Alp","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16262","article-title":"Up-regulation of T\u03b2RIII facilitates the osteogenesis of supraspinous ligament-derived fibroblasts from patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2011.03.003","article-title":"Calcium and cell death mechanisms: a perspective from the cell death community","volume":"50","author":"Zhivotovsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-016-2403-0","article-title":"BMP2 induces chondrogenic differentiation, osteogenic differentiation and endochondral ossification in stem cells","volume":"366","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-017-0679-z","article-title":"Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in osteoarthritis and in other forms of arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."}],"container-title":["Tissue and Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0040816622001240?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0040816622001240?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T20:24:10Z","timestamp":1758572650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0040816622001240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0040816622001240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852","relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-8166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-8166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Wnt and Smad signaling pathways synergistically regulated the osteogenic differentiation of fibroblasts in ankylosing spondylitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Tissue and Cell","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101852","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101852"}}