{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:34:49Z","timestamp":1790908489387,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006261","name":"Taif University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TU-DSPP-2024\\u2013107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TU-DSPP-2024\\u2013107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tissue and Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T03:53:31Z","timestamp":1762833211000},"page":"103223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Glabridin attenuates dibutyl phthalate-induced testicular toxicity via regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Hesham M.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafsa","family":"Ashfaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuad M.","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid J.","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abrar","family":"Aljohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2023.110410","article-title":"Zingerone reduces sodium arsenite-induced nephrotoxicity by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and histopathological changes","volume":"374","author":"Akaras","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233714566877","article-title":"Dibutyl phthalate induces oxidative stress and impairs spermatogenesis in adult rats","volume":"32","author":"Aly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2025.115365","article-title":"Elaidic acid induces testicular oxidative stress, inflammation, Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin disruption and abnormalities in steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis and histo-architecture in Sprague Dawley rats","volume":"200","author":"Alzahrani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-023-02874-y","article-title":"Cytoprotective potency of naringin against di-n-butylphthalate (DBP)-induced oxidative testicular damage in male rats","volume":"397","author":"Anis","year":"2024","journal-title":"NaunynSchmiede's. Arch. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib5","first-page":"IE01","article-title":"The impact of oxidative stress on testicular function and the role of antioxidants in improving it: a review","volume":"11","author":"Asadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2018.12.012","article-title":"Testosterone augments FSH signaling by upregulating the expression and activity of FSH-Receptor in Pubertal Primate Sertoli cells","volume":"482","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-017-0997-z","article-title":"Protective effect of selenium on aflatoxin B1-induced testicular toxicity in mice","volume":"180","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2019.105483","article-title":"Pig Hsd17b3: Alternative splice variants expression, insertion\/deletion (indel) in promoter region and their associations with male reproductive traits","volume":"195","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.01658","article-title":"The overview of current evidence on the reproductive toxicity of dibutyl phthalate","volume":"34","author":"Czubacka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10043","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221810043","article-title":"Oxidative stress, testicular inflammatory pathways, and male reproduction","volume":"22","author":"Dutta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib11","first-page":"1281","article-title":"The effects of casticin and myricetin on liver damage induced by methotrexate in rats","volume":"21","author":"Eki\u0307nci\u0307-Akdemi\u0307r","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123422","article-title":"Effect of polyethylene particles on dibutyl phthalate toxicity in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)","volume":"401","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2022.2074325","article-title":"The effects and molecular mechanism of heat stress on spermatogenesis and the mitigation measures","volume":"68","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007895","article-title":"CBX2 is required to stabilize the testis pathway by repressing Wnt signaling","volume":"15","author":"Garcia-Moreno","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.186880","article-title":"Importance of sperm morphology during sperm transport and fertilization in mammals","volume":"18","author":"Garcia-Vazquez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.894437","article-title":"Immune cells as critical regulators of steroidogenesis in the testis and beyond","volume":"13","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2017.11.013","article-title":"New spectrophotometric assay for assessments of catalase activity in biological samples","volume":"542","author":"Hadwan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b24-00302","article-title":"18-\u03b2-Glycyrrhetinic acid promotes hair growth by stimulating the proliferation of dermal papilla cells and outer root sheath cells, and extends the anagen phase by Inhibiting 5\u03b1-reductase","volume":"47","author":"Hagiwara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122851","article-title":"Prioritizing phthalate esters (PAEs) using experimental in vitro\/vivo toxicity assays and computational in silico approaches","volume":"398","author":"Hamid","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2007.04.006","article-title":"High-throughput spectrophotometric assay of reactive oxygen species in serum","volume":"631","author":"Hayashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib21","first-page":"S264","article-title":"Molecular docking studies of flavonoids for their inhibition pattern against \u03b2-catenin and pharmacophore model generation from experimentally known flavonoids to fabricate more potent inhibitors for Wnt signaling pathway","volume":"10","author":"Iftikhar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Mag."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5284","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24408","article-title":"Sudachitin alleviates paraquat instigated testicular toxicity in albino rats via regulating Nrf-2\/Keap-1, inflammatory, steroidogenic, and histological profile","volume":"39","author":"Ijaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108369","article-title":"Hesperidin has a protective effect on paclitaxel-induced testicular toxicity through regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"118","author":"Ileriturk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2025.106017","article-title":"Anti-androgenetic effect of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol on testosterone-induced hair loss by inhibiting 5\u03b1-reductase and promoting Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway in human dermal papilla cells","author":"Im","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2016.02.016","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) differentially alters androgen cascade in undeformed versus hypospadiac male rat offspring","volume":"61","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib26","first-page":"796","article-title":"Effects of Chlorophytum borivilianum on sexual behaviour and sperm count in male rats","volume":"22","author":"Kenjale","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytother. Res. Int. J. Devoted Pharmacol. Toxicol. Eval. Nat. Prod. Deriv."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2023.313.320","article-title":"Examining the influence of amniotic fluid on experimentally induced testicular injury due to cisplatin chemotherapy in a rodent model","volume":"19","author":"Keskin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib28","article-title":"Predictive role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in adnexal torsion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2022","author":"Khanzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0341-2","article-title":"The in vitro modulation of steroidogenesis by inflammatory cytokines and insulin in TM3 Leydig cells","volume":"16","author":"Leisegang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c07536","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of natural compounds from herbs and nutraceuticals in alleviating neurological disorders: targeting the Wnt signaling pathway","volume":"72","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01704-9","article-title":"Inhibition of WNT\/\u03b2-catenin signalling during sex-specific gonadal differentiation is essential for normal human fetal testis development","volume":"22","author":"Lundgaard Riis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115403","article-title":"Polystyrene nanoplastics aggravated dibutyl phthalate-induced blood-testis barrier dysfunction via suppressing autophagy in male mice","volume":"264","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1091997","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory effects of RDP1258, a novel synthetic peptide","volume":"10","author":"Magee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1159\/000488777","article-title":"A new model for adrenarche: inhibition of 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 by intra-adrenal cortisol","volume":"89","author":"Majzoub","year":"2018","journal-title":"Horm. Res. Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.10.438","article-title":"Occurrence and spatial distribution of phthalate esters in sediments of the Bohai and Yellow seas","volume":"653","author":"Mi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(79)90289-7","article-title":"Levels of glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat lung and liver","volume":"582","author":"Moron","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biochim. Et. Biophys. Acta (BBA)Gen. Subj."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2025.115675","article-title":"Mechanisms of PDC-induced testicular Toxicity: oxidative stress, steroidogenic suppression, and modulation by ZnO-NP\/TEO synergy","author":"Morsi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02712155","article-title":"Assay of superoxide dismutase activity in animal tissues","volume":"13","author":"Nandi","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Biosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.228437","article-title":"Apoptosis (programmed cell death) and its signals-a review","volume":"81","author":"Obeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz. J. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02037-1","article-title":"In early pubertal boys, testosterone and LH are associated with improved anti-oxidation during an aerobic exercise bout","volume":"66","author":"Paltoglou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55610","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-34868-5","article-title":"Toxic effects of dibutyl phthalate on testes of adult zebrafish: evaluation of oxidative stress parameters and histopathology","volume":"31","author":"Patel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0030","article-title":"Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to active steroid hormones","volume":"25","author":"Payne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2744(78)90005-0","article-title":"Glutathione peroxidase activities from rat liver","volume":"523","author":"Pierce","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biochim. Et. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125808","article-title":"Effects of phthalate acid esters on zebrafish larvae: Development and skeletal morphogenesis","volume":"246","author":"Pu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfad073","article-title":"Mitigative potential of rhoifolin against cisplatin prompted testicular toxicity: biochemical, spermatogenic and histological based analysis","volume":"12","author":"Saher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.37349\/etat.2024.00270","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic role of NLR in testicular cancer","volume":"5","author":"Sarejloo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Explor. Target. AntiTumor Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e442","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa781","article-title":"Male infertility due to testicular disorders","volume":"106","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28052135","article-title":"Synthetic glabridin derivatives inhibit LPS-induced inflammation via MAPKs and NF-\u03baB pathways in RAW264. 7 macrophages","volume":"28","author":"Shin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2020.109188","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to excess chromium attenuates transcription factors regulating expression of androgen and follicle stimulating hormone receptors in Sertoli cells of prepuberal rats","volume":"328","author":"Shobana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.04.074","article-title":"Phthalate induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in earthworms (Eisenia fetida)","volume":"129","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2016.10.021","article-title":"Assessment of lipid peroxidation by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and relatives in biological samples: analytical and biological challenges","volume":"524","author":"Tsikas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233719898989","article-title":"Wnt pathway: a mechanism worth considering in endocrine disrupting chemical action","volume":"36","author":"\u00dcst\u00fcnda\u011f","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07928-7","article-title":"Chrysin mitigates diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity by modulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats","volume":"50","author":"Var\u0131\u015fl\u0131","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.684532","article-title":"Exposure to dibutyl phthalate and reproductive-related outcomes in animal models: evidence from rodents study","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-020-02904-9","article-title":"Mechanism of Heshouwuyin inhibiting the Cyt c\/Apaf-1\/Caspase-9\/Caspase-3 pathway in spermatogenic cell apoptosis","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Med. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1407-6","article-title":"BCL-2 family isoforms in apoptosis and cancer","volume":"10","author":"Warren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149353","article-title":"Activation of Bcl-2-caspase-9 apoptosis pathway in the testis of asthmatic mice","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-5321","article-title":"The effect of regulating the Wnt signaling pathway on the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells","volume":"8","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S288829","article-title":"Active-ingredient screening and synergistic action mechanism of shegan mixture for anti-asthma effects based on network pharmacology in a mouse model of asthma","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2022.04.008","article-title":"Reproductive toxicity of dibutyl phthalate adsorbed on carbon nanotubes in male Balb\/C mice","volume":"110","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:93:1-3:141","article-title":"Nickel deficiency diminishes sperm quantity and movement in rats","volume":"93","author":"Yokoi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2023.107561","article-title":"Roles of cyt-c\/caspase-9\/caspase-3\/bax\/bcl-2 pathway in cd-induced testicular injury in rats and the protective effect of quercetin","volume":"237","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114241","article-title":"Effects of gestational Perfluorooctane Sulfonate exposure on the developments of fetal and adult Leydig cells in F1 males","volume":"262","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S385981","article-title":"Review on the diverse biological effects of glabridin","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126013","article-title":"Promoting effects of lipophilic pollutants on the reproductive toxicity of proteinophilic pollutants to Daphnia magna under chronic exposure","volume":"372","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129689","article-title":"Phthalate-induced testosterone\/androgen receptor pathway disorder on spermatogenesis and antagonism of lycopene","volume":"439","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.020","article-title":"Evaluation of urinary metal concentrations and sperm DNA damage in infertile men from an infertility clinic","volume":"45","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Tissue and Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0040816625005051?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0040816625005051?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T04:16:23Z","timestamp":1785298583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0040816625005051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["S0040816625005051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223","relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-8166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-8166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Glabridin attenuates dibutyl phthalate-induced testicular toxicity via regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Tissue and Cell","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103223","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103223"}}