{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T04:07:29Z","timestamp":1778731649623,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023R1A2C2003446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023R1A2C2003446"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-202300225239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-202300225239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023R1A2C2003446,RS-2023\\u201300225239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023R1A2C2003446,RS-2023\\u201300225239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tissue and Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T07:53:46Z","timestamp":1772870026000},"page":"103443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Modeling sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease using brain organoids: Emerging trends and translational opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Kamal","family":"Hossain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6710-6964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung-Ryong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.03.042","article-title":"iPSC-derived human microglia-like cells to study neurological diseases","volume":"94","author":"Abud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023022040","article-title":"CSF1R inhibition promotes neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits during graft-versus-host disease in mice","volume":"143","author":"Adams","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-05683-5","article-title":"Enhanced detection of mild cognitive impairment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a hybrid model integrating dual biomarkers and advanced machine learning","volume":"25","author":"Alex","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.1039\/D1LC00030F","article-title":"Tubular human brain organoids to model microglia-mediated neuroinflammation","volume":"21","author":"Ao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lab a Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202200475","article-title":"Understanding immune-driven brain aging by human brain organoid microphysiological analysis platform","volume":"9","author":"Ao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2382534","article-title":"Genomics analysis of metabolic pathways of human stem cell-derived microglia-like cells and the integrated cortical spheroids","volume":"2019","author":"Bejoy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a035709","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a035709","article-title":"Brain organoids: human neurodevelopment in a dish","volume":"12","author":"Benito-Kwiecinski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12389","article-title":"Diversity of transcriptomic microglial phenotypes in aging and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"18","author":"Boche","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer's. Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib9","article-title":"A 3D bioprinted cortical organoid platform for modeling human brain development","volume":"13","author":"Cadena","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib10","article-title":"Microglia in the neuroinflammatory pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related therapeutic targets","volume":"13","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0586-5","article-title":"Engineering of human brain organoids with a functional vascular-like system","volume":"16","author":"Cakir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202304421","article-title":"Spatially self-organized three-dimensional neural concentroid as a novel reductionist humanized model to study neurovascular development","volume":"11","author":"Chai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25082000","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based neurodegenerative disease models for phenotype recapitulation and drug screening","volume":"25","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202101462","article-title":"Modeling sporadic Alzheimer's disease in human brain organoids under serum exposure","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.04.019","article-title":"Modeling blood-brain barrier formation and cerebral cavernous malformations in human PSC-derived organoids","volume":"31","author":"Dao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib16","series-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","first-page":"43","article-title":"Development of neuronal circuits: From synaptogenesis to synapse plasticity","author":"Di Cristo","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.107","article-title":"The use of brain organoids to investigate neural development and disease","volume":"18","author":"Di Lullo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2023.01.005","article-title":"Neurovascular adaptations modulating cognition, mood, and stress responses","volume":"46","author":"Dion-Albert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2020.108627","article-title":"High-throughput screening of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain organoids","volume":"335","author":"Durens","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2020.05.003","article-title":"Classical and nonclassical intercellular communication in senescence and ageing","volume":"30","author":"Fafi\u00e1n-Labora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13541","article-title":"Chemically induced senescence in human stem cell-derived neurons promotes phenotypic presentation of neurodegeneration","volume":"21","author":"Fathi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-00433-w","article-title":"Generation and long-term culture of advanced cerebral organoids for studying later stages of neural development","volume":"16","author":"Giandomenico","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib23","first-page":"2003","article-title":"Oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-024-03934-2","article-title":"CRISPR-based genetic screens in human pluripotent stem cells derived neurons and brain organoids","volume":"399","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-021-00635-w","article-title":"Engineered human blood\u2013brain barrier microfluidic model for vascular permeability analyses","volume":"17","author":"Hajal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.10.079","article-title":"Blood vessel formation in cerebral organoids formed from human embryonic stem cells","volume":"521","author":"Ham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.028","article-title":"Mitochondrial vulnerability to oxidation in human brain organoids modelling Alzheimer's disease","volume":"208","author":"Holubiec","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102256","article-title":"Aging phenotype in AD brain organoids: Track to success and challenges","volume":"96","author":"Hossain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.09.016","article-title":"Human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cells and brain organoids reveal SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism predominates in choroid plexus epithelium","volume":"27","author":"Jacob","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib30","first-page":"32","article-title":"Neuropathology of the Alzheimer\u2019s continuum: an update","volume":"1","author":"Jellinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.70143","article-title":"Patient-Derived Cortical Organoids Reveal Senescence of Neural Progenitor Cells in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome","author":"Jeon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4558","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03041-w","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease patient brain extracts induce multiple pathologies in novel vascularized neuroimmune organoids for disease modeling and drug discovery","volume":"30","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease patient brain extracts induce multiple pathologies in novel vascularized neuroimmune organoids for disease modeling and drug discovery","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo0322","article-title":"Progerin modulates the IGF-1R\/Akt signaling involved in aging","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-024-00161-5","article-title":"Strategies for modeling aging and age-related diseases","volume":"10","author":"Jothi","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2024.11.021","article-title":"Vascularized human brain organoids: current possibilities and prospects","volume":"43","author":"Kistemaker","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.15283\/ijsc21157","article-title":"Generation of cortical brain organoid with vascularization by assembling with vascular spheroid","volume":"15","author":"Kook","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2014.158","article-title":"Generation of cerebral organoids from human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"9","author":"Lancaster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adp7047","article-title":"Human myelinated brain organoids with integrated microglia as a model for myelin repair and remyelinating therapies","volume":"17","author":"Lange","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112994","article-title":"Cell-type-specific regulation of APOE and CLU levels in human neurons by the Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk gene SORL1","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7551","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62995-1","article-title":"Astrocyte priming enhances microglial A\u03b2 clearance and is compromised by APOE4","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.05.008","article-title":"APOE4 causes widespread molecular and cellular alterations associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease phenotypes in human iPSC-derived brain cell types","volume":"98","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200474","article-title":"Multi-omic comparison of Alzheimer\u2019s variants in human ESC\u2013derived microglia reveals convergence at APOE","volume":"217","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9051301","article-title":"Dynamic characterization of structural, molecular, and electrophysiological phenotypes of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoids, and comparison with fetal and adult gene profiles","volume":"9","author":"Logan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab011","article-title":"Distinct microglial response against Alzheimer's amyloid and tau pathologies characterized by P2Y12 receptor","volume":"3","author":"Maeda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)00012-X","article-title":"The age of plasticity: developmental regulation of synaptic plasticity in neocortical microcircuits","volume":"169","author":"Maffei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4127","article-title":"An in vivo model of functional and vascularized human brain organoids","volume":"36","author":"Mansour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2013.11.006","article-title":"Human iPSC-based modeling of late-onset disease via progerin-induced aging","volume":"13","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62637-6","article-title":"Non-genetic neuromodulation with graphene optoelectronic actuators for disease models, stem cell maturation, and biohybrid robotics","volume":"16","author":"Molokanova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-025-01702-0","article-title":"Identification and characterization of variants in PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP genes in Chinese patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Nan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimer's. Res. & Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv379","article-title":"Pharmacological targeting of CSF1R inhibits microglial proliferation and prevents the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s-like pathology","volume":"139","author":"Olmos-Alonso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-017-0475-z","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9-Correctable mutation-related molecular and physiological phenotypes in iPSC-derived Alzheimer\u2019s PSEN2 N141I neurons","volume":"5","author":"Ortiz-Virumbrales","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.622137","article-title":"Electrophysiological analysis of brain organoids: current approaches and advancements","volume":"14","author":"Passaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001014","article-title":"Generation of human vascularized brain organoids","volume":"29","author":"Pham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46004-5","article-title":"Cellular reprogramming as a tool to model human aging in a dish","volume":"15","author":"Pitrez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00545-9","article-title":"CX3CR1 deficiency aggravates amyloid driven neuronal pathology and cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Puntambekar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.07.006","article-title":"Network and microcircuitry development in human brain organoids","volume":"93","author":"Puppo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9416","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04143-2","article-title":"Application of CRISPR\/Cas9 system in the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"61","author":"Rahimi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30318-1","article-title":"The glymphatic pathway in neurological disorders","volume":"17","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28775","article-title":"Combining automated organoid workflows with artificial intelligence-based analyses: opportunities to build a new generation of interdisciplinary high-throughput screens for Parkinson's disease and beyond","volume":"36","author":"Renner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05277-w","article-title":"Maturation and circuit integration of transplanted human cortical organoids","volume":"610","author":"Revah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2019.08.013","article-title":"Loss of SATB1 induces p21-dependent cellular senescence in post-mitotic dopaminergic neurons","volume":"25","author":"Riessland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2023.03.012","article-title":"Neuro-mesodermal assembloids recapitulate aspects of peripheral nervous system development in vitro","volume":"18","author":"Rockel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-024-02835-6","article-title":"Elevated expression of the retrotransposon LINE-1 drives Alzheimer\u2019s disease-associated microglial dysfunction","volume":"148","author":"Roy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32205-4","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease","volume":"397","author":"Scheltens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1039\/D3LC00930K","article-title":"Deciphering potential vascularization factors of on-chip co-cultured hiPSC-derived cerebral organoids","volume":"24","author":"Shaji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lab a Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-021-00070-x","article-title":"Klotho inhibits neuronal senescence in human brain organoids","volume":"7","author":"Shaker","year":"2021","journal-title":"npj Aging Mech. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01632-3","article-title":"Structural and functional alterations of neurons derived from sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease hiPSCs are associated with downregulation of the LIMK1-cofilin axis","volume":"16","author":"Sollazzo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimer's. Res. & Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47444-6","article-title":"Functionalization of brain region-specific spheroids with isogenic microglia-like cells","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib70","article-title":"Generation of human blood vessel and vascularized cerebral organoids","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"BioProtoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/stmcls\/sxad086","article-title":"Vascularized brain assembloids with enhanced cellular complexity provide insights into the cellular deficits of tauopathy","volume":"42","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2021.167165","article-title":"Emerging bioelectronics for brain organoid electrophysiology","volume":"434","author":"Tasnim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02109-8","article-title":"DNA double-strand break accumulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: evidence from experimental models and postmortem human brains","volume":"58","author":"Thadathil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.03.012","article-title":"Hippocampal dysregulation of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins with age-related cognitive decline","volume":"43","author":"VanGuilder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03337-2","article-title":"TREM2 affects DAM-like cell transformation in the acute phase of TBI in mice by regulating microglial glycolysis","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-03876-0","article-title":"Human brain organoids containing microglia that have arisen innately adapt to a \u03b2-amyloid challenge better than those in which microglia are integrated by co-culture","volume":"15","author":"Wenzel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. & Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7945","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35536-3","article-title":"Multimodal monitoring of human cortical organoids implanted in mice reveal functional connection with visual cortex","volume":"13","author":"Wilson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45826-5","article-title":"Development of an accelerated cellular model for early changes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib79","article-title":"Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Modelled to Simulate Diabetes Co-Oligomerized with \u03b2-Amyloid 1-42 Reproducing the Pathological Cascade of Alzheimer's Disease in Human Cerebral Organoids","author":"Yan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2014.915740","article-title":"Understanding the cause of sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Zetterberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib81","article-title":"Proteomic analysis across aged tissues reveals distinct signatures and the crucial involvement of midgut barrier function in the regulation of aging","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01892-1","article-title":"Microglia-containing human brain organoids for the study of brain development and pathology","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Tissue and Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0040816626001369?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0040816626001369?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T03:08:34Z","timestamp":1778728114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0040816626001369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["S0040816626001369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443","relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-8166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-8166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Modeling sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease using brain organoids: Emerging trends and translational opportunities","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Tissue and Cell","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103443","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103443"}}