{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T23:03:04Z","timestamp":1785106984432,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tissue and Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T06:40:16Z","timestamp":1778049616000},"page":"103570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Alleviating role of taurine against tartrazine-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rat: Biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression assessments"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7369-4099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samar Mortada","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8285-4496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reham H.","family":"Abdel-Kareem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6219-3667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara F.","family":"Saadawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1938-9135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heba H.","family":"Mahboub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7424-8151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelfattah M.","family":"Abdelfattah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0474-4934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amira Hamed Mohamed","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib1","article-title":"Utilization of ursolic acid methyl ester in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes in Nile tilapia, concerning physiological, genetic, immune-oxidative, stress, and neuro-ethological parameters","volume":"42","author":"Abdelaziz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquac. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.08.002","article-title":"Comparative haemato-immunotoxic impacts of long-term exposure to tartrazine and chlorophyll in rats","volume":"63","author":"Abd-Elhakim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12368","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04734-w","article-title":"Influence of the long-term exposure to tartrazine and chlorophyll on the fibrogenic signalling pathway in liver and kidney of rats: the expression patterns of collagen 1-\u03b1, TGF\u03b2-1, fibronectin, and caspase-3 genes","volume":"26","author":"Abd-Elhakim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.21608\/jram.2021.94833.1137","article-title":"Tartrazine: potential hepatorenal and cardiovascular toxicity and the possible protective effect of vitamin E in Wistar rats","volume":"3","author":"Abd El -Hakam","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Recent Adv. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1159\/000480649","article-title":"A Novel Role of SIRT1\/ FGF-21 in Taurine Protection Against Cafeteria Diet-Induced Steatohepatitis in Rats","volume":"43","author":"Abd Elwahab","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144509","article-title":"Free Radical-Scavenging, Anti-Inflammatory\/Anti-Fibrotic and Hepatoprotective Actions of Taurine and Silymarin against CCl4 Induced Rat Liver Damage","volume":"10","author":"Abdel-Moneim","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2009.1331","article-title":"Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation Tartrazine (E 102)","volume":"7","author":"Additives","year":"2009","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"issue":"737934","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib8","article-title":"Comparative antitoxic potency of honey and natamycin-supplemented diets against aflatoxicosis and their influences on growth, serum biochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and residual deposition in in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"551","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-012-9212-3","article-title":"Cytoplasmic vacuolization during exposure to drugs and other substances","volume":"28","author":"Aki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e38111","article-title":"Safety of tartrazine in the food industry and potential protective factors","volume":"10","author":"Amchova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5224","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2023.304053","article-title":"Protective Effects of Vitamin C on Tartrazine and Allura Red-Induced Toxicity in Male Albino Rats","volume":"91","author":"Amin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Hosp. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s43188-019-00023-3","article-title":"Effect of tartrazine on digestive enzymatic activities: in vivo and in vitro studies","volume":"36","author":"Ameur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib13","first-page":"14","article-title":"Chia seeds ameliorate cardiac disease risk factors via alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation in rats fed high-fat diet","author":"Aref","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3216","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.769331","article-title":"High-mobility group box-1 in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the heart","volume":"117","author":"Andrassy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23994","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08716-1","article-title":"Protective potential of curcumin or taurine on nephrotoxicity caused by bisphenol A","volume":"27","author":"Aslanturk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-019-0610-y","article-title":"Protective effect of blackthorn fruits (Prunus spinosa) against tartrazine toxicity development in albino Wistar rats","volume":"13","author":"Balta","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib17","series-title":"Bancroft's Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques E-Book","first-page":"126","article-title":"The hematoxylins annd eosin","author":"Bancroft","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(88)90118-4","article-title":"A chronic toxicity\/carcinogenicity study of FD&C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine) in mice","volume":"26","author":"Borzelleca","year":"1988","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15099","article-title":"Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (\u03b3-GT) \u2013 an old dog with new tricks?","volume":"42","author":"Brennan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5544","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5942","article-title":"SirT1 activator represses the transcription of TNF\u2011\u03b1 in THP\u20111 cells of a sepsis model via deacetylation of H4K16","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21217948","article-title":"Functional Diversity of Non-Histone Chromosomal Protein HmgB1","author":"Chikhirzhina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3109\/10408419209114557","article-title":"The Reduction of Azo Dyes by the Intestinal Microflora","volume":"18","author":"Chung","year":"1992","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1136-2","article-title":"Chloroquine ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice via the concomitant inhibition of inflammation and induction of apoptosis","volume":"9","author":"Dai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000350","article-title":"Aging aggravates liver fibrosis through downregulated hepatocyte SIRT1-induced liver sinusoidal endothelial cell dysfunction","volume":"8","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib25","first-page":"99","article-title":"Thymoquinone played a protective role against tartrazine-induced hepatotoxicity","volume":"26","author":"Demircigil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib26","article-title":"Regulatory Role of Nano-Curcumin against Tartrazine-Induced Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis-Related Genes Expression, and Genotoxicity in Rats","volume":"25","author":"El-Desoky","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2790","article-title":"Evaluation of Nano-curcumin effects against Tartrazine-induced abnormalities in liver and kidney histology and other biochemical parameters","volume":"10","author":"El-Desoky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Sci. &Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9574","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04399-5","article-title":"Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the effect of tartrazine on the cerebellum, submandibular glands, and kidneys of adult male albino rats","volume":"26","author":"El-sakhawy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.102999","article-title":"Benefits of fenugreek extract on renal tissue of ovariectomized rats treated with gentamicin: biochemical, gene expression, and histopathological assessments","volume":"96","author":"El-Sheikh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233711433935","article-title":"Toxic effects of some synthetic food colorants and\/or flavor additives on male rats","volume":"29","author":"El-Wahab","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12780","article-title":"Honey attenuates the toxic effects of the low dose of tartrazine in male rats","volume":"43","author":"El Rabey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2006.11.004","article-title":"New considerations regarding the risk assessment on Tartrazine: an update toxicological assessment, intolerance reactions and maximum theoretical daily intake in France","volume":"47","author":"Elhkim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.102724","article-title":"Vitamin D3 mitigates aspirin-induced gastric injury by modulating gastrokines, E-cadherin, and inhibiting NLRP3 and NF-\u03baB\/MMP-9 signaling pathway","volume":"93","author":"El-Sayed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1665161","article-title":"Palliative effect of taurine against hepatic injury induced by polystyrene microplastics through antioxidant and metabolic pathway modulation in mice","volume":"16","author":"Eskandrani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103286","article-title":"Pumpkin seed oil improves hepatotoxicity in rats through inhibition of CYP2E1 and activation of Nrf2 signaling pathways","volume":"99","author":"Esmail","year":"2026","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S314","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/53.1.314S","article-title":"Role of vitamin E in preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein","volume":"53","author":"Esterbauer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-021-01010-4","article-title":"Profiling inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers following taurine supplementation: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of controlled trials","volume":"76","author":"Faghfouri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00013.2007","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cells: protean, multifunctional, and enigmatic cells of the liver","volume":"88","author":"Friedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93414-2","article-title":"Tumor heterogeneity evaluated by computed tomography detects muscle-invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma that is associated with inflammatory tumor microenvironment","volume":"11","author":"Goto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib40","first-page":"17","article-title":"A review on laboratory liver function tests","author":"Gowda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pan Afr. Med J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.5487\/TR.2019.35.1.075","article-title":"Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of tartrazine in rats","volume":"35","author":"Hashem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03209","article-title":"Therapeutic role of taurine as antioxidant in reducing hypertension risks in rats","volume":"6","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/15376516.2020.1828523","article-title":"Combine colorants of tartrazine and erythrosine induce kidney injury: involvement of TNF-\u03b1 gene, caspase-9 and KIM-1 gene expression and kidney functions indices","volume":"31","author":"Iheanyichukwu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Mech. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23894-3","article-title":"Riboflavin attenuates tartrazine toxicity in the cerebellar cortex of adult albino rat","volume":"12","author":"Ismail","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3297","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1400062111","article-title":"Origin of myofibroblasts in the fibrotic liver in mice","volume":"111","author":"Iwaisako","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101223","article-title":"Taurine and its analogs in neurological disorders: focus on therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms","volume":"24","author":"Jakaria","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v13.i11.1688","article-title":"Abnormal liver enzymes: a review for clinicians","volume":"13","author":"Kalas","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16052","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-99037-1","article-title":"Assessment of ghrelin serum level and gene polymorphism as a risk factor in progression of chronic viral hepatitis","volume":"15","author":"Kamel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3041","article-title":"Tartrazine induces structural and functional aberrations and genotoxic effects in vivo","volume":"5","author":"Khayyat","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib50","series-title":"Histological and Histochemical Methods: Theory and practice","first-page":"184","author":"Kiernan","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-75681-3_48","article-title":"Production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in phagocytes is regulated by taurine chloramine","volume":"643","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2863(03)00053-6","article-title":"Activity of Cassia auriculata leaf extract in rats with alcoholic liver injury","volume":"14","author":"Kumar Rajagopal","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01189","article-title":"Immunological Significance of HMGB1 Post-Translational Modification and Redox Biology","volume":"11","author":"Kwak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12365","article-title":"Physiological role of taurine \u2013 from organism to organelle","volume":"213","author":"Lambert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i9.1067","article-title":"Integrated network analysis of transcriptomic and protein-protein interaction data in taurine-treated hepatic stellate cells","volume":"25","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, S.C., 2013. Glutathione synthesis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1830, 3143-3153.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2012.09.008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib58","first-page":"1","article-title":"Detection, diagnosis, Koch\u2019s Postulate, hepato-renal, and antioxidant indicators for some systemic pathogenic fungi invading the liver and kidneys of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Egypt with a histopathological approach","volume":"0","author":"Mahboub","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2024.102581","article-title":"Effects of tea tree oil and cefepime treatments on morphological, genetic, histopathological, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical assessments in liver and kidney of Escherichia coli infected rats","volume":"91","author":"Mansour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-012-1361-4","article-title":"Taurine and inflammatory diseases","volume":"46","author":"Marcinkiewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3823","article-title":"Fate tracing reveals hepatic stellate cells as dominant contributors to liver fibrosis independent of its aetiology","volume":"4","author":"Mederacke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20070140","article-title":"Sirtuins in mammals: insights into their biological function","volume":"404","author":"Michan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8111356","article-title":"Natural sulfur-containing compounds: an alternative therapeutic strategy against liver fibrosis","author":"Milito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-012-1381-0","article-title":"Taurine and liver diseases: a focus on the heterogeneous protective properties of taurine","volume":"46","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.5114\/ceh.2020.99513","article-title":"Taurine mitigates cirrhosis-associated heart injury through mitochondrial-dependent and antioxidative mechanisms","volume":"6","author":"Mousavi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1590\/S1519-69842007000100019","article-title":"Prolonged use of the food dye tartrazine (FD&C yellow no 5) and its effects on the gastric mucosa of Wistar rats","volume":"67","author":"Moutinho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Braz. J. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.11.001","article-title":"An overview on HMGB1 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents in HMGB1-related pathologies","volume":"141","author":"Musumeci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol. &Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-024-04191-8","article-title":"The protective effects of taurine, a non-essential amino acid, against metals toxicities: a review article","volume":"203","author":"Naraki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm.1976.14.1-12.421","article-title":"A new method for the determination of \u03b3-glutamyltransferase in serum","volume":"14","author":"Persijn","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. (CCLM)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200004273421707","article-title":"Evaluation of abnormal liver-enzyme results in asymptomatic patients","volume":"342","author":"Pratt","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11041048","article-title":"Effects of taurine on gut microbiota homeostasis: an evaluation based on two models of gut dysbiosis","volume":"11","author":"Qian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.217","article-title":"High-mobility group box 1 is a novel deacetylation target of Sirtuin1","volume":"87","author":"Rabadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2017.01.004","article-title":"Using vitamin E to prevent the impairment in behavioral test, cell loss and dendrite changes in medial prefrontal cortex induced by tartrazine in rats","volume":"119","author":"Rafati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/28.1.56","article-title":"A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases","volume":"28","author":"Reitman","year":"1957","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2017.1287558","article-title":"A review of extraction and analytical methods for the determination of tartrazine (E 102) in foodstuffs","volume":"47","author":"Rovina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-025-02410-y","article-title":"Cognitive and behavioral effects of chronic tartrazine use in vivo: an assessment within and above the acceptable daily intake","volume":"75","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194236","article-title":"Functional role of taurine in aging and cardiovascular health: an updated overview","volume":"15","author":"Santulli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6580.172286","article-title":"Food Color Induced Hepatotoxicity in Swiss Albino Rats, Rattus norvegicus","volume":"22","author":"Saxena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.219691","article-title":"Role of innate immunity and the microbiota in liver fibrosis: crosstalk between the liver and gut","volume":"590","author":"Seki","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"202","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib80","first-page":"211","article-title":"Dietary Tea tree (Melaleucae aetheroleum) oil fortifies growth, biochemical, immune-antioxidant trait, gene function, tissue reaction, and Aeromonas sobria resistance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","author":"Shaalan","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10040810","article-title":"Inhibition of Cochlear HMGB1 Expression Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in an Experimental Murine Model of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss","volume":"10","author":"Shih","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.35.547","article-title":"Differential colon DNA damage induced by azo food additives between rats and mice","volume":"35","author":"Shimada","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib83","unstructured":"Stehlik-Barry, K., Babinec, A.J., 2017. Data Analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics. Packt Publishing."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib84","article-title":"The effects of taurine supplementation on diabetes mellitus in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Tao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2016.10.021","article-title":"Assessment of lipid peroxidation by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and relatives in biological samples: Analytical and biological challenges","volume":"524","author":"Tsikas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006886308490","article-title":"Retinol uptake and metabolism, and cellular retinol binding protein expression in an in vitro model of hepatic stellate cells","volume":"187","author":"Vicente","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13090771","article-title":"Toxicological Effects of Tartrazine Exposure: A Review of In Vitro and Animal Studies with Human Health Implications","volume":"13","author":"Visternicu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.986511","article-title":"The SIRT1-HMGB1 axis: therapeutic potential to ameliorate inflammatory responses and tumor occurrence","volume":"10","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib89","article-title":"Taurine is involved in energy metabolism in muscles, adipose tissue, and the liver","volume":"63","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. &Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.07.025","article-title":"Stat3 signaling activation crosslinking of TGF-\u03b21 in hepatic stellate cell exacerbates liver injury and fibrosis","volume":"1842","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Et. Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib91","article-title":"SIRT1 activators suppress inflammatory responses through promotion of p65 deacetylation and inhibition of NF-\u03baB activity","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1159\/000485762","article-title":"Taurine Protects Mouse Spermatocytes from Ionizing Radiation-Induced Damage Through Activation of Nrf2\/HO-1 Signaling","volume":"44","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib93","article-title":"Regulation of SIRT1 and Its Roles in Inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15060895","article-title":"The Potential of the Inclusion of Prosopis farcta Extract in the Diet on the Growth Performance, Immunity, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Oxidative Status of the Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio, in Response to Ammonia Stress","volume":"15","author":"Yousefi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib95","series-title":"Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease E-BOOK: Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease E-BOOK","author":"Zachary","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42998","article-title":"Resveratrol treatment reveals a novel role for HMGB1 in regulation of the type 1 interferon response in dengue virus infection","volume":"7","author":"Zainal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib97","first-page":"2752","article-title":"Zinc oxide resveratrol nanoparticles ameliorate testicular dysfunction due to levofloxacin-induced oxidative stress in rats. Scientific Reports","volume":"14","author":"Zaki","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01073","article-title":"Berberine ameliorates subarachnoid hemorrhage injury via induction of sirtuin 1 and inhibiting HMGB1\/Nf-\u03baB pathway","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-022-03252-0","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effects of taurine against cadmium-induced liver injury in female mice","volume":"201","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2022.22.e21","article-title":"As a modulator, multitasking roles of SIRT1 in respiratory diseases","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immune Netw."}],"container-title":["Tissue and Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0040816626002636?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0040816626002636?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T22:14:28Z","timestamp":1784067268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0040816626002636"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":100,"alternative-id":["S0040816626002636"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570","relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-8166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-8166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Alleviating role of taurine against tartrazine-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rat: Biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression assessments","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Tissue and Cell","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103570","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103570"}}