{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T23:06:33Z","timestamp":1784070393551,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009367","name":"Mansoura University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tissue and Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T06:41:00Z","timestamp":1778049660000},"page":"103574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ameliorative role of whey supplementation in age-associated testicular dysfunction: Morphometric, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical evidence with emphasis on aquaporin-1 and transition protein-2"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Nermeen I.","family":"Ashry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba A.","family":"El-Ghaweet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmin","family":"Khalifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0831-5392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghada","family":"Mutawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15184081","article-title":"Effects of whey protein supplementation on inflammatory marker concentrations in older adults","volume":"15","author":"Adler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1590722","article-title":"The cardioprotective effect of whey protein against thioacetamide-induced toxicity through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects in male albino rats","volume":"12","author":"Almohawes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2022.103423","article-title":"Role of soy isoflavone in preventing aging changes in rat testis: Biochemical and histological studies","volume":"29","author":"Al-Shaikh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02243.x","article-title":"Expression and regulation of aquaporins 1, 8, and 9 in the testis, efferent ducts, and epididymis of adult rats and during postnatal development","volume":"23","author":"Badran","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01363-1","article-title":"A review of antioxidant strategies to improve reproduction in aging male broiler breeders","volume":"47","author":"Barbarestani","year":"2025","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24049","article-title":"Influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and\/or cadmium chloride oral exposure on testicular morphology, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rats: ameliorative role of co-enzyme Q10","volume":"10","author":"Behairy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.6.1454","article-title":"A high-whey-protein diet reduces body weight gain and alters insulin sensitivity relative to red meat in Wistar Rats1","volume":"134","author":"Belobrajdic","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"4617","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1038\/1811199a0","article-title":"Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical","volume":"181","author":"Blois","year":"1958","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14523","article-title":"Age- and duration-dependent effects of whey protein on high-fat diet-induced changes in body weight, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota in mice","volume":"8","author":"Boscaini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2019.108222","article-title":"Aquaporins and male (in)fertility: Expression and role throughout the male reproductive tract","volume":"679","author":"Carrageta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib11","article-title":"Investigating the health implications of whey protein consumption: a narrative review of risks, adverse effects, and associated health issues","volume":"12","author":"Cava","year":"2024","journal-title":"Healthc. (Basel Switz.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.07.024","article-title":"Selective effects of whey protein concentrate on glutathione levels and apoptosis in rats with mammary tumors","volume":"107","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.2000.7500","article-title":"PCNA in the testis of the frog, Rana esculenta: a molecular marker of the mitotic testicular epithelium proliferation","volume":"119","author":"Chieffi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.38.1.41","article-title":"Special report: the 1996 guide for the care and use of laboratory animals","volume":"38","author":"Clark","year":"1997","journal-title":"ILAR J. \/ Natl. Res. Counc. Inst. Lab. Anim. Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib15","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib16","article-title":"Whey protein enzymatic breakdown: synthesis, analysis, and discovery of new biologically active peptides in papain-derived hydrolysates","volume":"30","author":"Czelej","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. (Basel Switz.)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib17","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of sweet whey derived from bovine, ovine and caprine milk obtained from various small-scale cheese plants in greece before and after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion","volume":"12","author":"Dalaka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxid. (Basel Switz. )"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/10520290802521804","article-title":"PCNA indexing as a preclinical immunohistochemical biomarker for testicular toxicity","volume":"83","author":"D'Andrea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biotechnic Histochem. Off. Publ. Biol. Stain Commission"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellbi.2008.01.002","article-title":"Aquaporin 1 expression in the testis, epididymis and vas deferens of postnatal ICR mice","volume":"32","author":"Danyu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2014-0175","article-title":"Whey protein supplementation increases methionine intake but not homocysteine plasma concentration in rats","volume":"40","author":"Deminice","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-020-01184-z","article-title":"Hydrolyzed camel whey protein alleviated heat stress-induced hepatocyte damage by activated Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway and inhibited NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 axis","volume":"26","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperon"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx012","article-title":"Prevalence of \u2018obesity-associated gonadal dysfunction\u2019 in severely obese men and women and its resolution after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Escobar-Morreale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib23","article-title":"Aging-related changes in rat kidney and testis: a microscopic approach","volume":"47","author":"Esrefoglu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. J. Sci. Tech. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib24","first-page":"1514","article-title":"Determination of lactose in milk: comparison of methods","volume":"66","author":"Essig","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. - Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-017-0012-4","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018","volume":"25","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib26","series-title":"Milk Proteins (Third Edition)","first-page":"21","article-title":"Chapter 2 - milk proteins: an overview","author":"Goulding","year":"2020"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23306","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c07531","article-title":"Novel antioxidant peptides from fermented whey protein by Lactobacillus rhamnosus B2-1: separation and identification by in vitro and in silico approaches","volume":"72","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2019.0102","article-title":"Aging changes of the testis in albino rat: light, electron microscopic, morphometric, immunohistochemical and biochemical study","volume":"79","author":"Hussein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Folia Morphol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib29","first-page":"816","article-title":"Oxidative, inflammatory and immunologic status in children with undescended testes","volume":"54","author":"Imamo\u011flu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr. Int. Off. J. Jpn. Pediatr. Soc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1080\/19768354.2022.2130425","article-title":"Bioactive peptides in the pancreatin-hydrolysates of whey protein support cell proliferation and scavenge reactive oxygen species","volume":"26","author":"Jung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Cells Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib31","article-title":"Studies on the anti-aging properties of bovine whey supplementation on reproductive hormonal profiles and sperm structure and function of adult and senile rats","volume":"45","author":"Kandil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2021.101369","article-title":"Studies on the anti-aging properties of bovine whey supplementation on reproductive hormonal profiles and sperm structure and function of adult and senile rats","volume":"45","author":"Kandil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.012","article-title":"Effects of whey protein nutritional supplement on muscle function among community-dwelling frail older people: a multicenter study in China","volume":"83","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.4103\/jphi.JPHI_8_17","article-title":"Isolation and identification of probiotic Lactobacillus from local dairy and evaluating their antagonistic effect on pathogens","volume":"7","author":"Karami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Investig."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(02)00119-4","article-title":"Effect of whey protein isolate on intracellular glutathione and oxidant-induced cell death in human prostate epithelial cells","volume":"17","author":"Kent","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro Int. J. Published Assoc. BIBRA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib36","article-title":"Effect of whey protein supplementation on sperm quality and fertility in male mice","volume":"141","author":"Ketheeswaran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol. Int. J. Published Br. Ind. Biol. Res. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111366","article-title":"Effect of whey protein supplementation on sperm quality and fertility in male mice","volume":"141","author":"Ketheeswaran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib38","first-page":"3348","article-title":"Effect of whey protein on the fertility of Male Albino Rat Effect of Whey protein on the fertility of Male Albino Rat","volume":"20","author":"Khaleel","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroQuantology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.21608\/avmj.2025.348351.1538","article-title":"Histological and immunohistochemical study on the effects of whey protein on testis of rats","volume":"71","author":"Khaleel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Assiut Vet. Med. J."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3809","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.9.8375","article-title":"Caspase-3 and caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease are associated with testicular germ cell apoptosis resulting from reduced intratesticular testosterone","volume":"142","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-025-02543-4","article-title":"Unveiling the nexus between environmental exposures and testicular damages: revelations from autophagy and oxidative stress imbalance","volume":"11","author":"Kong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215851","article-title":"Aquaporin water channels: atomic structure molecular dynamics meet clinical medicine","volume":"109","author":"Kozono","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14061258","article-title":"Milk whey hydrolysates as high value-added natural polymers: functional properties and applications","volume":"14","author":"Le\u00f3n-L\u00f3pez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.09.025","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of different cultivars of Portulaca oleracea","volume":"103","author":"Lim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.4663","article-title":"Correlation between oxidative stress and the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in the pulmonary tissues of obese asthmatic mice","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13061311","article-title":"Whey proteins and bioactive peptides: advances in production, selection and bioactivity profiling","volume":"13","author":"Luparelli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2007.07.005","article-title":"Bovine whey proteins \u2013 overview on their main biological properties","volume":"40","author":"Madureira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401046","article-title":"Inhibition of sperm production in mice by annexin V microinjected into seminiferous tubules: possible etiology of phagocytic clearance of apoptotic spermatogenic cells and male infertility","volume":"9","author":"Maeda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib49","article-title":"Whey improves in vitro endothelial mitochondrial function and metabolic redox status in diabetic state","volume":"12","author":"Martino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxid. (Basel Switz.)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-022-09759-0","article-title":"Reproductive axis ageing and fertility in men","volume":"23","author":"Martins da Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2025.101027","article-title":"Chronic stress disturbs neuroendocrine control of reproduction and fertility in male rats","volume":"25","author":"Medina","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4259","article-title":"Role of the PI3K\/AKT signalling pathway in apoptotic cell death in the cerebral cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"13","author":"Meng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2003.05.007","article-title":"Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts","volume":"85","author":"Miliauskas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib54","first-page":"233","article-title":"Whey proteins and its derivatives: bioactivity, functionality, and current applications","volume":"1","author":"Minj","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2009.17583","article-title":"Whey protein, \u03b1-lactalbumin and \u03b2-lactoglobulin in Sprague Dawley Rat%J","volume":"35","author":"Nada","year":"2009","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Hosp. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-0105.177703","article-title":"A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human","volume":"7","author":"Nair","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Basic Clin. Pharm."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(72)80218-3","article-title":"The occurrence of superoxide anion in the reaction of reduced phenazine methosulfate and molecular oxygen","volume":"46","author":"Nishikimi","year":"1972","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib58","first-page":"351","article-title":"KJAb. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction","volume":"95","author":"Ohkawa","year":"1979"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.4103\/jmau.jmau_84_20","article-title":"Age-related changes in the testicular morphophysiology of the cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus)","volume":"10","author":"Omirinde","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Microsc. Ultrastruct."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2005.10.006","article-title":"Differential stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in elderly humans following isocaloric ingestion of amino acids or whey protein","volume":"41","author":"Paddon-Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78143-5","article-title":"A rapid method for the determination of whey protein denaturation","volume":"74","author":"Parris","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0242-2","article-title":"The effects of protein supplements on muscle mass, strength, and aerobic and anaerobic power in healthy adults: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Pasiakos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med. (Auckl. NZ)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0550","article-title":"Protein \"requirements\" beyond the RDA: implications for optimizing health","volume":"41","author":"Phillips","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. = Physiol. Appl. Nutr. Et. Metab."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15070479","article-title":"The complexity of oxidative stress in human age-related diseases-a review","volume":"15","author":"P\u0142\u00f3ciniczak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002671","article-title":"Beyond fission and fusion-diving into the mysteries of mitochondrial shape","volume":"22","author":"Preminger","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.12816\/0052254","article-title":"Impact of whey protein supplementations on fertility parameters of adult male Gym-Goers % J","volume":"47","author":"Ramadan Rabie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Al-Azhar Med. J."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512295","article-title":"The reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential in aging: the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore","volume":"24","author":"Rottenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4274\/jtgga.galenos.2024.2024-5-3","article-title":"Evaluation of TNP1 and PRM1 gene expression in male infertility patients with low or high sperm DNA fragmentation","volume":"26","author":"\u015eahin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Turk. Ger. Gynecol. Assoc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0597-y","article-title":"Apoptosis and aging: increased resistance to apoptosis enhances the aging process","volume":"68","author":"Salminen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. life Sci. CMLS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1178638819827970","article-title":"Postprandial plasma amino acid responses between standard whey protein isolate and whey protein isolate plus novel technology","volume":"12","author":"Sharp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Insights"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-9077","article-title":"Quantification of whey proteins by reversed phase-HPLC and effectiveness of mid-infrared spectroscopy for their rapid prediction in sweet whey","volume":"99","author":"Sturaro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71092","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of whey protein-derived peptides: radical scavenging and cytoprotective effects","volume":"13","author":"Suzuki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib73","series-title":"Using Multivariate Statistics","author":"Tabachnick","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-024-00785-1","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics","volume":"26","author":"T\u00e1bara","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2020.106534","article-title":"Age-related changes of seminiferous tubule morphology, interstitial fibrosis and spermatogenesis in dogs","volume":"219","author":"Tesi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2005.09.003","article-title":"Whey protein concentrate promotes the production of glutathione (GSH) by GSH reductase in the PC12 cell line after acute ethanol exposure","volume":"44","author":"Tseng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib77","article-title":"Deciphering the role of reactive oxygen species in idiopathic asthenozoospermia","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib78","first-page":"971","article-title":"Expert consensus on prevention and treatment of aging-related gonadal dysfunction","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib79","unstructured":"WHO\/FAO\/UNU. (2007). Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition. Report of a Joint WHO\/FAO\/UNU Expert Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series N."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib80","first-page":"2022","article-title":"Beneficial effects of whey protein peptides on muscle loss in aging mice models","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib81","article-title":"The roles of p38 MAPK\u2009\u2192\u2009COX2 and NF-\u03baB\u2009\u2192\u2009COX2 signal pathways in age-related testosterone reduction","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7243","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.21.7243-7255.2001","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the transition protein 2 gene affects sperm chromatin structure and reduces fertility in mice","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1338-6","article-title":"Positive PCNA and Ki-67 expression in the testis correlates with spermatogenesis dysfunction in fluoride-treated rats","volume":"186","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.14","article-title":"Dietary whey protein decreases food intake and body fat in rats","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obes. (Silver Spring Md)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(96)00165-9","article-title":"Leydig cell steroidogenesis in aging rats","volume":"32","author":"Zirkin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."}],"container-title":["Tissue and Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0040816626002673?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0040816626002673?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T22:20:15Z","timestamp":1784067615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0040816626002673"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["S0040816626002673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574","relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-8166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-8166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ameliorative role of whey supplementation in age-associated testicular dysfunction: Morphometric, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical evidence with emphasis on aquaporin-1 and transition protein-2","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Tissue and Cell","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103574","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103574"}}