{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:50:42Z","timestamp":1791319842845,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000169","name":"National Science Foundation Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000169","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Cognitive Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T04:22:44Z","timestamp":1774671764000},"page":"869-880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Looking inside and beyond eye fixations in reading"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9345-1051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Schotter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brennan R.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2019.104047","article-title":"How many words do we read per minute? A review and meta-analysis of reading rate","volume":"109","author":"Brysbaert","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mem. Lang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.124.3.372","article-title":"Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research","volume":"124","author":"Rayner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-024-02572-4","article-title":"A beginner\u2019s guide to eye tracking for psycholinguistic studies of reading","volume":"57","author":"Schotter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12461","article-title":"A neurocomputational model of the N400 and the P600 in language processing","volume":"41","author":"Brouwer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13940","article-title":"Connecting and considering: electrophysiology provides insights into comprehension","volume":"59","author":"Federmeier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2008.05.002","article-title":"Language processing in reading and speech perception is fast and incremental: implications for event-related potential research","volume":"80","author":"Rayner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.04.027","article-title":"Synchronizing timelines: relations between fixation durations and N400 amplitudes during sentence reading","volume":"1155","author":"Dambacher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00565.x","article-title":"Event-related brain potentials, eye movements, and reading","volume":"4","author":"Raney","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199807130-00009","article-title":"Establishing a time-line of word recognition: evidence from eye movements and event-related potentials","volume":"9","author":"Sereno","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2003.09.010","article-title":"Measuring word recognition in reading: eye movements and event-related potentials","volume":"7","author":"Sereno","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2012.03.001","article-title":"Direct lexical control of eye movements in reading: evidence from a survival analysis of fixation durations","volume":"65","author":"Reingold","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cogn. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00361","article-title":"Neurophysiological constraints on the eye-mind link","volume":"7","author":"Reichle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0065","first-page":"557","article-title":"A common neural progression to meaning in about a third of a second","author":"Federmeier","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.11.019","article-title":"Do \u2018early\u2019 brain responses reveal word form prediction during language comprehension? A critical review","volume":"96","author":"Nieuwland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0075","series-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Event-Related Potential Components","first-page":"397","article-title":"Language-related ERP components","author":"Swaab","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0301","article-title":"The meaning-making mechanism(s) behind the eyes and between the ears","volume":"375","author":"Hagoort","year":"2020","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01465","article-title":"A tale of two positivities and the N400: distinct neural signatures are evoked by confirmed and violated predictions at different levels of representation","volume":"32","author":"Kuperberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000494","article-title":"Parafoveal previews and lexical frequency in natural reading: evidence from eye movements and fixation-related potentials","volume":"148","author":"Degno","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00977","article-title":"Neural correlates of word recognition: a systematic comparison of natural reading and rapid serial visual presentation","volume":"28","author":"Kornrumpf","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0100","series-title":"Psychology of Learning and Motivation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.plm.2018.08.011","article-title":"Reading ahead by hedging our bets on seeing the future: eye tracking and electrophysiology evidence for parafoveal lexical processing and saccadic control by partial word recognition","volume":"68","author":"Schotter","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.093008.131123","article-title":"Thirty years and counting: finding meaning in the N400 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP)","volume":"62","author":"Kutas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01090","article-title":"Pace yourself: intraindividual variability in context use revealed by self-paced event-related brain potentials","volume":"29","author":"Payne","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1080\/01690969308407587","article-title":"In the company of other words: electrophysiological evidence for single-word and sentence context effects","volume":"8","author":"Kutas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lang. Cogn. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1080\/00437956.2019.1678826","article-title":"Individual differences in reading speed are linked to variability in the processing of lexical and contextual information: evidence from single-trial event-related brain potentials","volume":"65","author":"Payne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Word"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.03.014","article-title":"Time for prediction? The effect of presentation rate on predictive sentence comprehension during word-by-word reading","volume":"68","author":"Wlotko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0130","series-title":"Handbook of Psycholinguistics","first-page":"83","article-title":"Psycholinguistic evidence electrified: event-related brain potentials investigation","author":"Kutas","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2025.105580","article-title":"Did you say brain or brave? Event-related potentials reveal the central role of phonological prediction in false hearing","volume":"267","author":"Silcox","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0140","first-page":"394","article-title":"Time course of word identification and semantic integration in spoken language","volume":"25","author":"Van Petten","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2025.105609","article-title":"Parafoveally perceived orthographic cues facilitate foveal semantic processing: evidence from event-related potentials","volume":"268","author":"Nestor","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2010.01082.x","article-title":"Parafoveal perception during sentence reading? An ERP paradigm using rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) with flankers","volume":"48","author":"Barber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.05.053","article-title":"Parafoveal N400 effect during sentence reading","volume":"479","author":"Barber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2012.01489.x","article-title":"An electrophysiological analysis of contextual and temporal constraints on parafoveal word processing","volume":"50","author":"Barber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14053","article-title":"Parafoveal words can modulate sentence meaning: electrophysiological evidence from an RSVP-with-flanker task","volume":"59","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0170","article-title":"Parafoveal preview benefit in a conflicting sentential context: evidence from ERPs","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/23273798.2022.2091150","article-title":"ERPs reveal how semantic and syntactic processing unfold across parafoveal and foveal vision during sentence comprehension","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lang. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2017.10.002","article-title":"Event-related brain potentials reveal age-related changes in parafoveal-foveal integration during sentence processing","volume":"106","author":"Payne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0185","first-page":"1839","article-title":"Out of the corner of my eye: foveal semantic load modulates parafoveal processing in reading","volume":"42","author":"Payne","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13432","article-title":"Event-related brain potentials reveal how multiple aspects of semantic processing unfold across parafoveal and foveal vision during sentence reading","volume":"56","author":"Payne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14246","article-title":"Event-related potentials show that parafoveal vision is insufficient for semantic integration","volume":"60","author":"Schotter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-016-0492-6","article-title":"Getting ahead of yourself: parafoveal word expectancy modulates the N400 during sentence reading","volume":"17","author":"Stites","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.03.026","article-title":"The parallel mechanism of semantic context influences and parafoveal word identification","volume":"704","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14524","article-title":"Parafoveal and foveal N400 effects in natural reading: a timeline of semantic processing from fixation-related potentials","volume":"61","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70274","article-title":"Understanding the eye-brain interface during reading: connecting word skipping and comprehension using behavior-contingent fixation-related potentials","volume":"63","author":"Milligan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-023-02759-5","article-title":"General cognitive processing for orthographic discrepancy engages foveal attention during sentence comprehension","volume":"85","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atten. Percept. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-7421(09)51001-8","article-title":"Time for meaning: electrophysiology provides insights into the dynamics of representation and processing in semantic memory","volume":"51","author":"Federmeier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. Learn. Motiv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210902816461","article-title":"Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search","volume":"62","author":"Rayner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023885","article-title":"Coregistration of eye movements and EEG in natural reading: analyses and review","volume":"140","author":"Dimigen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-025-03017-6","article-title":"Characterizing the neural underpinnings of attention in the real world via co-registration of eye movements and EEG\/MEG: an introduction to the special issue","volume":"87","author":"Schotter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Atten. Percept. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116117","article-title":"Optimizing the ICA-based removal of ocular EEG artifacts from free viewing experiments","volume":"207","author":"Dimigen","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.21.1.3","article-title":"Regression-based analysis of combined EEG and eye-tracking data: theory and applications","volume":"21","author":"Dimigen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7838","article-title":"Unfold: an integrated toolbox for overlap correction, non-linear modeling, and regression-based EEG analysis","volume":"7","author":"Ehinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6641","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.06641","article-title":"UnfoldSim.jl: simulating continuous event-based time series data for EEG and beyond","volume":"10","author":"Schepers","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12147","article-title":"Committee report: publication guidelines and recommendations for studies using electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography","volume":"51","author":"Keil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-021-09513-4","article-title":"How to do better N400 studies: reproducibility, consistency and adherence to research standards in the existing literature","volume":"32","author":"\u0160o\u0161ki\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2020.05.010","article-title":"Best practices in eye tracking research","volume":"155","author":"Carter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-025-02689-0","article-title":"A multiverse analysis of cleaning and analyzing procedures of eye movement data during reading","volume":"57","author":"Godwin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1080\/23273798.2022.2159990","article-title":"The influence of predictability, visual contrast, and preview validity on eye movements and N400 amplitude: co-registration evidence that the N400 reflects late processes","volume":"38","author":"Burnsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lang. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2024.101683","article-title":"Direct lexical control of eye movements in Chinese reading: evidence from the co-registration of EEG and eye tracking","volume":"153","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cogn. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0295","series-title":"Computational Models of Reading: A Handbook","author":"Reichle","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2011.01169.x","article-title":"Testing an assumption of the E-Z Reader model of eye-movement control during reading: using event-related potentials to examine the familiarity check","volume":"48","author":"Reichle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0305","series-title":"The Lateralized Readiness Potential","author":"Smulders","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1150244","article-title":"Updating the relationship of the Ne\/ERN to task-related behavior: a brief review and suggestions for future research","volume":"17","author":"LoTemplio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-024-02894-7","article-title":"Neural correlates for word-frequency effect in Chinese natural reading","volume":"87","author":"Mei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Atten. Percept. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0001278","article-title":"Are eye movements and EEG on the same page?: a co-registration study on parafoveal preview of lexical frequency","volume":"52","author":"Milligan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12765","article-title":"Dissociating parafoveal preview benefit and parafovea-on-fovea effects during reading: a combined eye tracking and EEG study","volume":"53","author":"Niefind","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112798","article-title":"Neural encoding of linguistic features during natural sentence reading","volume":"28","author":"Raghavan","year":"2025","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0335","first-page":"1648","article-title":"Dissociating word frequency and predictability effects in reading: evidence from coregistration of eye movements and EEG","volume":"41","author":"Kretzschmar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-818X.2008.00121.x","article-title":"Watching the word go by: on the time-course of component processes in visual word recognition","volume":"3","author":"Grainger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lang Ling Compass"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1080\/01690965.2013.866259","article-title":"Never seem to find the time: evaluating the physiological time course of visual word recognition with regression analysis of single-item event-related potentials","volume":"29","author":"Laszlo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lang. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-024-02588-z","article-title":"Prediction in reading: a review of predictability effects, their theoretical implications, and beyond","volume":"32","author":"Wong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0355","series-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Reading","first-page":"245","article-title":"How is information integrated across fixations in reading?","author":"Cutter","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-019-01662-1","article-title":"Readers can identify the meanings of words without looking at them: evidence from regressive eye movements","volume":"26","author":"Schotter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0365","first-page":"2039","article-title":"Reversed preview benefit effects: forced fixations emphasize the importance of parafoveal vision for efficient reading","volume":"42","author":"Schotter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-017-1356-y","article-title":"When your mind skips what your eyes fixate: how forced fixations lead to comprehension illusions in reading","volume":"25","author":"Schotter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0375","first-page":"677","article-title":"Forced fixations, trans-saccadic integration, and word recognition: evidence for a hybrid mechanism of saccade triggering in reading","volume":"45","author":"Schotter","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0380","first-page":"1839","article-title":"Semantic and plausibility preview benefit effects in English: evidence from eye movements","volume":"42","author":"Schotter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0385","first-page":"939","article-title":"Is semantic preview benefit due to relatedness or plausibility?","volume":"42","author":"Veldre","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-016-1120-8","article-title":"Parafoveal preview benefit in sentence reading: independent effects of plausibility and orthographic relatedness","volume":"24","author":"Veldre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2016.1247894","article-title":"Parafoveal preview effects depend on both preview plausibility and target predictability","volume":"71","author":"Veldre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/lnc3.12344","article-title":"What is the most plausible account of the role of parafoveal processing in reading?","volume":"13","author":"Andrews","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lang Ling Compass"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.02.010","article-title":"Frequency and predictability effects on event-related potentials during reading","volume":"1084","author":"Dambacher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12515","article-title":"Revisiting the incremental effects of context on word processing: evidence from single-word event-related brain potentials","volume":"52","author":"Payne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03197127","article-title":"Interactions between sentence context and word frequency in event-related brain potentials","volume":"18","author":"Van Petten","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mem. Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721418794491","article-title":"Integration and prediction in language processing: a synthesis of old and new","volume":"27","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/23273798.2015.1102299","article-title":"What do we mean by prediction in language comprehension?","volume":"31","author":"Kuperberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lang. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2023.08.003","article-title":"Prediction during language comprehension: what is next?","volume":"27","author":"Ryskin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/lnc3.12151","article-title":"The effect of lexical predictability on eye movements in reading: critical review and theoretical interpretation","volume":"9","author":"Staub","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lang Ling Compass"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2011.09.015","article-title":"Prediction during language comprehension: benefits, costs, and ERP components","volume":"83","author":"Van Petten","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4300","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab087","article-title":"Representational pattern similarity of electrical brain activity reveals rapid and specific prediction during language comprehension","volume":"31","author":"Hubbard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-023-02385-0","article-title":"Dissociating the pre-activation of word meaning and form during sentence comprehension: evidence from EEG representational similarity analysis","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(75)90005-5","article-title":"The perceptual span and peripheral cues in reading","volume":"7","author":"Rayner","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cogn. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-011-0219-2","article-title":"Parafoveal processing in reading","volume":"74","author":"Schotter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atten. Percept. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13986","article-title":"Semantic parafoveal processing in natural reading: insight from fixation-related potentials & eye movements","volume":"59","author":"Ant\u00fanez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.04.006","article-title":"Trans-saccadic parafoveal preview benefits in fluent reading: a study with fixation-related brain potentials","volume":"62","author":"Dimigen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1162\/089892999563373","article-title":"ERP manifestations of processing printed words at different psycholinguistic levels: time course and scalp distribution","volume":"11","author":"Bentin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-1-13","article-title":"Fast, visual specialization for reading in English revealed by the topography of the N170 ERP response","volume":"1","author":"Maurer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0485","series-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Event-Related Potential Components","first-page":"3","article-title":"ERP components: the ups and downs of brainwave recordings","volume":"1","author":"Kappenman","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0490","series-title":"Event-related Potentials: A Methods Handbook","first-page":"3","article-title":"Interpreting event-related brain potentials","author":"Otten","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70173","article-title":"Co-registered eye-movements and brain potentials reveal multiple effects of context across the visual field in natural reading","volume":"62","author":"Copeland","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00731","article-title":"Brain responses to world knowledge violations: a comparison of stimulus- and fixation-triggered event-related potentials and neural oscillations","volume":"27","author":"Metzner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12384","article-title":"The importance of reading naturally: evidence from combined recordings of eye movements and electric brain potentials","volume":"41","author":"Metzner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e328332c4f4","article-title":"Parafoveal versus foveal N400s dissociate spreading activation from contextual fit","volume":"20","author":"Kretzschmar","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-024-02984-6","article-title":"Parafoveal N400 effects reveal that word skipping is associated with deeper lexical processing in the presence of context-driven expectations","volume":"87","author":"Milligan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Atten. Percept. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14302","article-title":"The P600 as a continuous index of integration effort","volume":"60","author":"Aurnhammer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.07.025","article-title":"Welcome to the real world: validating fixation-related brain potentials for ecologically valid settings","volume":"1172","author":"Hutzler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05939-9","article-title":"Automated meta-analysis of the event-related potential (ERP) literature","volume":"12","author":"Donoghue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.06.005","article-title":"Eye movements and comprehension are important to reading","volume":"23","author":"Schotter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0540","first-page":"834","article-title":"Evidence for split attentional foci","volume":"26","author":"Awh","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03211502","article-title":"Visual attention within and around the field of focal attention: a zoom lens model","volume":"40","author":"Eriksen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-09-03561.2003","article-title":"A physiological correlate of the \u201czoom lens\u201d of visual attention","volume":"23","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797613512332","article-title":"Task relevance induces momentary changes in the functional visual field during reading","volume":"25","author":"Kaakinen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1080\/13506285.2012.670143","article-title":"The zoom lens of attention: simulating shuffled versus normal text reading using the SWIFT model","volume":"20","author":"Schad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vis. Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0565","first-page":"99","article-title":"Fast syntax in the brain: electrophysiological evidence from the rapid parallel visual presentation paradigm (RPVP)","volume":"47","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0570","first-page":"249","article-title":"Representational similarity analysis\u2014connecting the branches of systems neuroscience","volume":"2","author":"Kriegeskorte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13758","article-title":"Inter-and intra-individual coupling between pupillary, electrophysiological, and behavioral responses in a visual oddball task","volume":"58","author":"LoTemplio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-596X(92)90039-Z","article-title":"Event-related brain potentials elicited by syntactic anomaly","volume":"31","author":"Osterhout","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Mem. Lang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107855","article-title":"An ERP index of real-time error correction within a noisy-channel framework of human communication","volume":"158","author":"Ryskin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8528","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0618-13.2013","article-title":"The human brain processes syntax in the absence of conscious awareness","volume":"33","author":"Batterink","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0595","article-title":"What did you said? Differential impacts of acoustic challenge on semantic, syntactic, and prediction-related ERPs during speech processing","author":"Silcox","year":"2026","journal-title":"PsyArXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.plm.2022.03.005","article-title":"The N400 in silico: a review of computational models","volume":"76","author":"Eddine","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Learn. Motiv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1080\/09541440340000213","article-title":"Length, frequency, and predictability effects of words on eye movements in reading","volume":"16","author":"Kliegl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cogn. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03197692","article-title":"Lexical complexity and fixation times in reading: effects of word frequency, verb complexity, and lexical ambiguity","volume":"14","author":"Rayner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mem. Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-011-0376-x","article-title":"Eye movements and brain electric potentials during reading","volume":"76","author":"Kliegl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116727","article-title":"An orthographic prediction error as the basis for efficient visual word recognition","volume":"214","author":"Gagl","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1006\/jmla.1999.2660","article-title":"A rose by any other name: long-term memory structure and sentence processing","volume":"41","author":"Federmeier","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mem. Lang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2009.06.004","article-title":"A beautiful day in the neighborhood: an event-related potential study of lexical relationships and prediction in context","volume":"61","author":"Laszlo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mem. Lang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2004.05.006","article-title":"Determining the role of phonology in silent reading using event-related brain potentials","volume":"21","author":"Newman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cogn. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-025-01280-6","article-title":"Individual differences in sub-components of the N400: sentence constraint effects vary by reading comprehension ability while orthographic expectancy violation effects vary by spelling ability","volume":"25","author":"Milligan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797614531148","article-title":"Don\u2019t believe what you read (only once) comprehension is supported by regressions during reading","volume":"25","author":"Schotter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Trends in Cognitive Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1364661326000343?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1364661326000343?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:58:04Z","timestamp":1791316684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1364661326000343"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1364661326000343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1364-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-6613","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Looking inside and beyond eye fixations in reading","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2026.02.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}