{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T11:26:01Z","timestamp":1786879561234,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101071773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101071773"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101039672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101039672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101057529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101057529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["848158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["848158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["250299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["250299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["273446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["273446"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["262700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["262700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["223273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["223273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023650","name":"NCCR Catalysis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["182880\/Phase 2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["182880\/Phase 2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023650","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023650","name":"NCCR Catalysis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["205601\/Phase 3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["205601\/Phase 3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023650","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031366","name":"ERA-Net NEURON","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016190","name":"Trond Mohn Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006447","name":"Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004784","name":"Novartis Foundation for Medical-Biological Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007352","name":"Staatssekretariat f\u00fcr Bildung, Forschung und Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012652","name":"ETH Z\u00fcrich Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012652","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3200-0-239949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3200-0-239949"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31003A_175742\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A_175742\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003006","name":"Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule Z\u00fcrich","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ETH-17 13\\u20132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ETH-17 13\\u20132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003006","name":"Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule Z\u00fcrich","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ETH-10 15\\u20132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ETH-10 15\\u20132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Genetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:24:38Z","timestamp":1786739078000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rethinking evidence for epigenetic inheritance in human research"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8049-7106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solveig","family":"L\u00f8khammer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte A.M.","family":"Cecil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astanand","family":"Jugessur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Le Hellard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle M.","family":"Mansuy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0005","first-page":"337","article-title":"Intergenerational transmission of social memory: a narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Rojas-Granada","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fam. Relat. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eep\/dvad008","article-title":"Inheritance of environment-induced phenotypic changes through epigenetic mechanisms","volume":"9","author":"Tando","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Epigenet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2020.0042","article-title":"Digging the channels of inheritance: on how to distinguish between cultural and biological inheritance","volume":"376","author":"Kronfeldner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioab151","article-title":"Exploring the role of nongenetic inheritance in the etiology of human disease","volume":"105","author":"Escher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3354","article-title":"DNA methylation: roles in mammalian development","volume":"14","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0030","first-page":"665","article-title":"DNA methylation as a regulatory mechanism for gene expression in mammals","volume":"30","author":"Serman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Coll. Antropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3390\/jdb8040028","article-title":"Environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance and the Weismann barrier: the dawn of neo-Lamarckian theory","volume":"8","author":"Nilsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-021-00412-1","article-title":"Soma-to-germline RNA communication","volume":"23","author":"Conine","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020104579","article-title":"Involvement of circulating factors in the transmission of paternal experiences through the germline","volume":"39","author":"van Steenwyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.04.053","article-title":"A unique gene regulatory network resets the human germline epigenome for development","volume":"161","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade1257","article-title":"Epigenetic resetting in the human germ line entails histone modification remodeling","volume":"9","author":"Gruhn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-024-01359-z","article-title":"Epigenetic reprogramming in mouse and human primordial germ cells","volume":"56","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0065","first-page":"678","article-title":"The complex non-genetic inheritance of complex traits","volume":"25","author":"Vogt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R251","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-19-0340","article-title":"Mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance of variable traits through the germline","volume":"159","author":"Casas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2023.102024","article-title":"Mechanisms of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: lessons from animal model organisms","volume":"79","author":"Santilli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00292","article-title":"Epigenetic inheritance: concepts, mechanisms and perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Lacal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2024.2380929","article-title":"Generational stability of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance facilitates adaptation and evolution","volume":"19","author":"Korolenko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14010120","article-title":"Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of traumatic experience in mammals","volume":"14","author":"\u0160vorcov\u00e1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2523071123","article-title":"Stability of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult-onset disease and parturition abnormalities","volume":"123","author":"Korolenko","year":"2026","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eep\/dvac024","article-title":"Paternal transmission of behavioural and metabolic traits induced by postnatal stress to the 5th generation in mice","volume":"8","author":"Boscardin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Epigenet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.06.020","article-title":"Starvation-induced transgenerational inheritance of small RNAs in C. elegans","volume":"158","author":"Rechavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5592","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6592","article-title":"DNA methylation signatures link prenatal famine exposure to growth and metabolism","volume":"5","author":"Tobi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2319179121","article-title":"Accelerated biological aging six decades after prenatal famine exposure","volume":"121","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201538","article-title":"Sex-specific, male-line transgenerational responses in humans","volume":"14","author":"Pembrey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5124","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07617-9","article-title":"Paternal grandfather\u2019s access to food predicts all-cause and cancer mortality in grandsons","volume":"9","author":"V\u00e5ger\u00f6","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3746","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4746","article-title":"Maternal nutrition at conception modulates DNA methylation of human metastable epialleles","volume":"5","author":"Dominguez-Salas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001252","article-title":"Season of conception in rural Gambia affects DNA methylation at putative human metastable epialleles","volume":"6","author":"Waterland","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-020-0443-3","article-title":"Epigenetic priming by Dppa2 and 4 in pluripotency facilitates multi-lineage commitment","volume":"27","author":"Eckersley-Maslin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10577","article-title":"Maternal plasma folate impacts differential DNA methylation in an epigenome-wide meta-analysis of newborns","volume":"7","author":"Joubert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2024.2413815","article-title":"Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of prenatal vitamin D insufficiency and cord blood DNA methylation","volume":"19","author":"Diemer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2023.2202835","article-title":"A meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies on pregnancy vitamin B12 concentrations and offspring DNA methylation","volume":"18","author":"Monasso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2025.2594322","article-title":"Strength of evidence for paternal influence on offspring epigenome in observational human studies: a systematic review and risk-of-bias appraisal for non-randomized exposures","volume":"20","author":"Sum","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.11.004","article-title":"Obesity and bariatric surgery drive epigenetic variation of spermatozoa in humans","volume":"23","author":"Donkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-023-01581-y","article-title":"Maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and DNA methylation of newborns in cord blood","volume":"15","author":"Collender","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2023.02.018","article-title":"Stage 2 registered report: epigenetic intergenerational transmission: mothers\u2019 adverse childhood experiences and DNA methylation","volume":"62","author":"Scorza","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/freae.2024.1434253","article-title":"Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: a critical perspective","volume":"2","author":"Bird","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Epigenet. Epigenom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05445-5","article-title":"A critical view on transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in humans","volume":"9","author":"Horsthemke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2020.09.005","article-title":"Rebooting the epigenomes during mammalian early embryogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-023-01143-0","article-title":"The molecular regulatory mechanisms of meiotic arrest and resumption in Oocyte development and maturation","volume":"21","author":"Pei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-015-0067-7","article-title":"Environmental susceptibility of the sperm epigenome during windows of male germ cell development","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13544","article-title":"The DNA methylation landscape of human early embryos","volume":"511","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2023.09.010","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of early human embryo development","volume":"30","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30022-2","article-title":"Epigenetic changes induced by in utero dietary challenge result in phenotypic variability in successive generations of mice","volume":"13","author":"Van de Pette","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad7977","article-title":"Sperm tsRNAs contribute to intergenerational inheritance of an acquired metabolic disorder","volume":"351","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0225","article-title":"Parental noncoding RNA expression dynamics across sperm, oocyte, and zygote","volume":"7","author":"Verma","year":"2025","journal-title":"NAR Genom. Bioinform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.240321","article-title":"Sperm-borne mRNAs: potential roles in zygote genome activation and epigenetic inheritance","volume":"15","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4917","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18680-6","article-title":"Dynamics and clinical relevance of maternal mRNA clearance during the oocyte-to-embryo transition in humans","volume":"11","author":"Sha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3695","article-title":"Implication of sperm RNAs in transgenerational inheritance of the effects of early trauma in mice","volume":"17","author":"Gapp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102870","article-title":"Single paternal dexamethasone challenge programs offspring metabolism and reveals multiple candidates in RNA-mediated inheritance","volume":"24","author":"Gapp","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eep\/dvy010","article-title":"Alterations in sperm DNA methylation, non-coding RNA expression, and histone retention mediate vinclozolin-induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease","volume":"4","author":"Ben Maamar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Epigenet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2020.08.011","article-title":"Understanding \u2018non-genetic\u2019 inheritance: insights from molecular-evolutionary crosstalk","volume":"35","author":"Adrian-Kalchhauser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02331-5","article-title":"Maternal educational attainment in pregnancy and epigenome-wide DNA methylation changes in the offspring from birth until adolescence","volume":"29","author":"Choudhary","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1213969","article-title":"Identification of the social and cognitive processes underlying human cumulative culture","volume":"335","author":"Dean","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072-017-0145-1","article-title":"Non-genomic transmission of longevity between generations: potential mechanisms and evidence across species","volume":"10","author":"Vaiserman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epigenetics Chromatin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106851","article-title":"Intergenerational transmission of childhood maltreatment and offspring behavioral adjustment problems and competence","volume":"153","author":"K\u0131z\u0131ltepe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14735","article-title":"Preventing intergenerational trauma transmission: a critical interpretive synthesis","volume":"28","author":"Isobel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.87","article-title":"Potential of environmental enrichment to prevent transgenerational effects of paternal trauma","volume":"41","author":"Gapp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00923-x","article-title":"Genomic and phenotypic insights from an atlas of genetic effects on DNA methylation","volume":"53","author":"Min","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0295","article-title":"Identification of dynamic genetic influences on DNA methylation from birth to adulthood","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy210","article-title":"Systematic Mendelian randomization framework elucidates hundreds of CpG sites which may mediate the influence of genetic variants on disease","volume":"27","author":"Richardson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5749","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03312-6","article-title":"Interactive effects of genotype with prenatal stress on DNA methylation at birth","volume":"30","author":"Mulder","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1293768","article-title":"Histone HIST1H1C\/H1.2 regulates autophagy in the development of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.14000","article-title":"The genetic architecture of maternal effects across ontogeny in the red deer","volume":"74","author":"Gauzere","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esab059","article-title":"Indirect genetic effects: a cross-disciplinary perspective on empirical studies","volume":"113","author":"Baud","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hered."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12407","article-title":"Epigenetic germline inheritance in mammals: looking to the past to understand the future","volume":"17","author":"Gapp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579425100503","article-title":"Intergenerational transmission of problem behavior: genetic and environmental pathways","volume":"38","author":"Sentse","year":"2026","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30569-1","article-title":"Gene\u2013environment correlations and causal effects of childhood maltreatment on physical and mental health: a genetically informed approach","volume":"8","author":"Warrier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41437-020-00361-1","article-title":"Inbred lab mice are not isogenic: genetic variation within inbred strains used to infer the mutation rate per nucleotide site","volume":"126","author":"Chebib","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2013.866693","article-title":"The Tutsi genocide and transgenerational transmission of maternal stress: epigenetics and biology of the HPA axis","volume":"15","author":"Perroud","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579420000450","article-title":"Using an adoption design to test genetically based differences in risk for child behavior problems in response to home environmental influences","volume":"33","author":"Cree","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.21828","article-title":"Germline epigenetic inheritance: challenges and opportunities for linking human paternal experience with offspring biology and health","volume":"29","author":"Ryan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evol. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2020.10.006","article-title":"Impact of parental exposure on offspring health in humans","volume":"37","author":"Jawaid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1214\/20-AOAS1425","article-title":"Function-on-function regression for the identification of epigenetic regions exhibiting windows of susceptibility to environmental exposures","volume":"15","author":"Zemplenyi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Appl. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3216","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80857-2","article-title":"Sperm DNA methylation mediates the association of male age on reproductive outcomes among couples undergoing infertility treatment","volume":"11","author":"Oluwayiose","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0146-2","article-title":"Reduced levels of miRNAs 449 and 34 in sperm of mice and men exposed to early life stress","volume":"8","author":"Dickson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0380","article-title":"Distinct microRNA signature in human serum and germline after childhood trauma","author":"Jawaid","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0252-1","article-title":"Exposure to childhood abuse is associated with human sperm DNA methylation","volume":"8","author":"Roberts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-018-0446-7","article-title":"Endurance training remodels sperm-borne small RNA expression and methylation at neurological gene hotspots","volume":"10","author":"Ingerslev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.1024805","article-title":"Long-term effects of early postnatal stress on Sertoli cells","volume":"13","author":"Thumfart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.038","article-title":"An expanded view of complex traits: from polygenic to omnigenic","volume":"169","author":"Boyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Trends in Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168952526001915?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168952526001915?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T10:53:04Z","timestamp":1786877584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168952526001915"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["S0168952526001915"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-9525"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-9525","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rethinking evidence for epigenetic inheritance in human research","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Genetics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tig.2026.07.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}