{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:28:35Z","timestamp":1790166515165,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmn.com","cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T16:58:51Z","timestamp":1590771531000},"page":"889-899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Complement Evasion by Lyme Disease Spirochetes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jon T.","family":"Skare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon L.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.278331","article-title":"CDC estimates 300000 US cases of Lyme disease annually","volume":"310","author":"Kuehn","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6717e1","article-title":"Vital signs: trends in reported vectorborne disease cases \u2013 United States and Territories, 2004\u20132016","volume":"67","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu397","article-title":"Lyme disease testing by large commercial laboratories in the United States","volume":"59","author":"Hinckley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2714","article-title":"Of ticks, mice and men: understanding the dual-host lifestyle of Lyme disease spirochaetes","volume":"10","author":"Radolf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-014-0164-x","volume":"105","author":"Adeolu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107123450207","article-title":"Lyme disease","volume":"345","author":"Steere","year":"2001","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21681","article-title":"The emergence of Lyme disease","volume":"113","author":"Steere","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0040","first-page":"684","article-title":"Lyme disease","volume":"371","author":"Shapiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-9-200505030-00011","article-title":"Brief communication: hematogenous dissemination in early Lyme disease","volume":"142","author":"Wormser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00262","article-title":"Complement system Part I \u2013 molecular mechanisms of activation and regulation","volume":"6","author":"Merle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00257","article-title":"Complement system Part II: role in immunity","volume":"6","author":"Merle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12475","article-title":"Protection of host cells by complement regulators","volume":"274","author":"Schmidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s004300050038","article-title":"Heterogeneity in the complement-dependent bacteriolysis within the species of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"185","author":"Breitner-Ruddock","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.4.1228-1236.1997","article-title":"Complement-mediated serum sensitivity among spirochetes that cause Lyme disease","volume":"65","author":"van Dam","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00385","article-title":"Hide and seek: how Lyme disease spirochetes overcome complement attack","volume":"7","author":"Kraiczy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2007.10.002","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi complement regulator-acquiring surface proteins (BbCRASPs): expression patterns during the mammal-tick infection cycle","volume":"298","author":"Bykowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.10.039","article-title":"Complement regulator-acquiring surface proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi: structure, function and regulation of gene expression","volume":"4","author":"Kraiczy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.12.001","article-title":"Complement evasion by Borrelia burgdorferi: it takes three to tango","volume":"29","author":"de Taeye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00012","article-title":"Host immune evasion by Lyme and relapsing fever borreliae: findings to lead future studies for Borrelia miyamotoi","volume":"8","author":"Stone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00442","article-title":"Multifunctional and redundant roles of Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface proteins in tissue adhesion, colonization, and complement evasion","volume":"7","author":"Caine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0105","article-title":"Travelling between two worlds: complement as a gatekeeper for an expanded host range of Lyme disease spirochetes","volume":"3","author":"Kraiczy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0110","article-title":"Complement evasion in Borrelia spirochetes: mechanisms and opportunities for intervention","volume":"8","author":"Locke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00001","article-title":"New insights into CRASP-mediated complement evasion in the Lyme disease enzootic cycle","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.11.028","article-title":"Binding of the complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein to Lyme disease Borreliae","volume":"47","author":"Pietik\u00e4inen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.6.3214","article-title":"Serum-resistant strains of Borrelia burgdorferi evade complement-mediated killing by expressing a CD59-like complement inhibitory molecule","volume":"170","author":"Pausa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3268","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.9.3268","article-title":"Control of the amplification convertase of complement by the plasma protein beta1H","volume":"73","author":"Weiler","year":"1976","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.146.1.257","article-title":"Human complement C3b inactivator: isolation, characterization, and demonstration of an absolute requirement for the serum protein beta1H for cleavage of C3b and C4b in solution","volume":"146","author":"Pangburn","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3949","DOI":"10.1021\/bi4003452","article-title":"Functional anatomy of complement factor H","volume":"52","author":"Makou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.1.348","article-title":"Identification of complement regulatory domains in human factor H","volume":"155","author":"Gordon","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7800","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.12.7800-7809.2001","article-title":"Further characterization of complement regulator-acquiring surface proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"69","author":"Kraiczy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308343200","article-title":"Complement resistance of Borrelia burgdorferi correlates with the expression of BbCRASP-1, a novel linear plasmid-encoded surface protein that interacts with human factor H and FHL-1 and is unrelated to Erp proteins","volume":"279","author":"Kraiczy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3299","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.5.3299","article-title":"Complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 1 imparts resistance to human serum in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"175","author":"Brooks","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00318-09","article-title":"CspA-mediated binding of human factor H inhibits complement deposition and confers serum resistance in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"77","author":"Kenedy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.4.2351-2359.2005","article-title":"Identification and functional characterization of complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 1 of the Lyme disease spirochetes Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii","volume":"73","author":"Wallich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb902","article-title":"A novel fold for the factor H-binding protein BbCRASP-1 of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"12","author":"Cordes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1107\/S1744309113012748","article-title":"Further structural insights into the binding of complement factor H by complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 1 (CspA) of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"69","author":"Caesar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2008.09.002","article-title":"Mutational analyses of the BbCRASP-1 protein of Borrelia burgdorferi identify residues relevant for the architecture and binding of host complement regulators FHL-1 and factor H","volume":"299","author":"Kraiczy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2009.05.017","article-title":"Fast, adaptive evolution at a bacterial host-resistance locus: the PFam54 gene array in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"445","author":"Wywial","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007106","article-title":"Polymorphic factor H-binding activity of CspA protects Lyme borreliae from the host complement in feeding ticks to facilitate tick-to-host transmission","volume":"14","author":"Hart","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.06.009","article-title":"Crystal structure of Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein BBA69 in comparison to the paralogous protein CspA","volume":"10","author":"Brangulis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05318.x","article-title":"Functional characterization of BbCRASP-2, a distinct outer membrane protein of Borrelia burgdorferi that binds host complement regulators factor H and FHL-1","volume":"61","author":"Hartmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34855","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M805844200","article-title":"Deciphering the ligand-binding sites in the Borrelia burgdorferi complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 2 required for interactions with the human immune regulators factor H and factor H-like protein 1","volume":"283","author":"Siegel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12808","article-title":"Structural characterization of CspZ, a complement regulator factor H and FHL-1 binding protein from Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"281","author":"Brangulis","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1086\/518509","article-title":"Binding of human factor H-related protein 1 to serum-resistant Borrelia burgdorferi is mediated by borrelial complement regulator-acquiring surface proteins","volume":"196","author":"Haupt","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2014.12.025","article-title":"Crystal structures of the Erp protein family members ErpP and ErpC from Borrelia burgdorferi reveal the reason for different affinities for complement regulator factor H","volume":"1854","author":"Brangulis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18685","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.459040","article-title":"Structural basis for complement evasion by Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"288","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188127","article-title":"Crystal structure of a tripartite complex between C3dg, C-terminal domains of factor H and OspE of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"12","author":"Kolodziejczyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349657","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/349657","article-title":"Contribution of the infection-associated complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 4 (ErpC) to complement resistance of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"2012","author":"Hammerschmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013519","article-title":"Complement factor H-related proteins CFHR2 and CFHR5 represent novel ligands for the infection-associated CRASP proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"5","author":"Siegel","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01274-10","article-title":"The OspE-related proteins inhibit complement deposition and enhance serum resistance of Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete","volume":"79","author":"Kenedy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5663","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.12.5663","article-title":"Mapping of the complement regulatory domains in the human factor H-like protein 1 and in factor H1","volume":"155","author":"K\u00fchn","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4702","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.9.4702","article-title":"Cutting edge: localization of the host recognition functions of complement factor H at the carboxyl-terminal: implications for hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"169","author":"Pangburn","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/41169409-3260-4295-baf4-a1a4621a8e48","article-title":"Microbes bind complement inhibitor factor H via a common site","volume":"9","author":"Meri","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200323571","article-title":"Immune evasion of Borrelia burgdorferi: mapping of a complement-inhibitor factor H-binding site of BbCRASP-3, a novel member of the Erp protein family","volume":"33","author":"Kraiczy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07769","article-title":"Neisseria meningitidis recruits factor H using protein mimicry of host carbohydrates","volume":"458","author":"Schneider","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.04.025","article-title":"Complement evasion strategies of pathogens \u2013 acquisition of inhibitors and beyond","volume":"46","author":"Blom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.02004","article-title":"Hijacking complement regulatory proteins for bacterial immune evasion","volume":"7","author":"Hovingh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7398","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.11.7398-7405.2005","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi regulates expression of complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 1 during the mammal-tick infection cycle","volume":"73","author":"von Lackum","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.5.3030-3034.2006","article-title":"Evidence that the BBA68 protein (BbCRASP-1) of the Lyme disease spirochetes does not contribute to factor H-mediated immune evasion in humans and other animals","volume":"74","author":"McDowell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-004-0218-1","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi gene expression in naturally (tick) infected mouse strains","volume":"194","author":"Lederer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3010e","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003010","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 2 does not contribute to complement resistance or host infectivity","volume":"3","author":"Coleman","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2019.101341","article-title":"Regulation of regulators: role of the complement factor H-related proteins","volume":"45","author":"Cserhalmi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2961","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10766-0","article-title":"Serum FHR1 binding to necrotic-type cells activates monocytic inflammasome and marks necrotic sites in vasculopathies","volume":"10","author":"Irmscher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00481-13","article-title":"CspA from Borrelia burgdorferi inhibits the terminal complement pathway","volume":"4","author":"Hallstr\u00f6m","year":"2013","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13239","article-title":"BGA66 and BGA71 facilitate complement resistance of Borrelia bavariensis by inhibiting assembly of the membrane attack complex","volume":"99","author":"Hammerschmidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12786","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein C (OspC) binds complement component C4b and confers bloodstream survival","volume":"19","author":"Caine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6161","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401600","article-title":"The extracellular adherence protein from Staphylococcus aureus inhibits the classical and lectin pathways of complement by blocking formation of the C3 proconvertase","volume":"193","author":"Woehl","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501954","article-title":"The group B Streptococcus-secreted protein CIP interacts with C4, preventing C3b deposition via the lectin and classical complement pathways","volume":"196","author":"Pietrocola","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005404","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi BBK32 inhibits the classical pathway by blocking activation of the C1 complement complex","volume":"12","author":"Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007659","article-title":"Structural determination of the complement inhibitory domain of Borrelia burgdorferi BBK32 provides insight into classical pathway complement evasion by Lyme disease spirochetes","volume":"15","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4227","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00604-07","article-title":"Coordinated expression of Borrelia burgdorferi complement regulator-acquiring surface proteins during the Lyme disease spirochete's mammal-tick infection cycle","volume":"75","author":"Bykowski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12998","article-title":"Blood treatment of Lyme borreliae demonstrates the mechanism of CspZ-mediated complement evasion to promote systemic infection in vertebrate hosts","volume":"21","author":"Marcinkiewicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3142","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306845101","article-title":"Outer-surface protein C of the Lyme disease spirochete: a protein induced in ticks for infection of mammals","volume":"101","author":"Grimm","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200419894","article-title":"OspC facilitates Borrelia burgdorferi invasion of Ixodes scapularis salivary glands","volume":"113","author":"Pal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07103.x","article-title":"Identification of residues within ligand-binding domain 1 (LBD1) of the Borrelia burgdorferi OspC protein required for function in the mammalian environment","volume":"76","author":"Earnhart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.05042.x","article-title":"Inactivation of the fibronectin-binding adhesin gene bbk32 significantly attenuates the infectivity potential of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"59","author":"Seshu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07801.x","article-title":"Bioluminescent imaging of Borrelia burgdorferi in vivo demonstrates that the fibronectin-binding protein BBK32 is required for optimal infectivity","volume":"82","author":"Hyde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075643","article-title":"BB0347, from the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, is surface exposed and interacts with the CS1 heparin-binding domain of human fibronectin","volume":"8","author":"Gaultney","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.435-441.2006","article-title":"Fibronectin binding protein BBK32 of the Lyme disease spirochete promotes bacterial attachment to glycosaminoglycans","volume":"74","author":"Fischer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12407","article-title":"Glycosaminoglycan binding by Borrelia burgdorferi adhesin BBK32 specifically and uniquely promotes joint colonization","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00227-09","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi RevA antigen binds host fibronectin","volume":"77","author":"Brissette","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-003-2482-x","article-title":"Intra- and interbacterial genetic exchange of Lyme disease spirochete erp genes generates sequence identity amidst diversity","volume":"57","author":"Stevenson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.01127.x","article-title":"Identification of a 47 kDa fibronectin-binding protein expressed by Borrelia burgdorferi isolate B31","volume":"30","author":"Probert","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01094-13","article-title":"Versatile roles of CspA orthologs in complement inactivation of serum-resistant Lyme disease spirochetes","volume":"82","author":"Hammerschmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16860","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.290775","article-title":"OspC is potent plasminogen receptor on surface of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"287","author":"\u00d6nder","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1086\/653825","article-title":"Complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 1 of Borrelia burgdorferi binds to human bone morphogenic protein 2, several extracellular matrix proteins, and plasminogen","volume":"202","author":"Hallstr\u00f6m","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01133-08","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi infection-associated surface proteins ErpP, ErpA, and ErpC bind human plasminogen","volume":"77","author":"Brissette","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01923-06","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi binding of host complement regulator factor H is not required for efficient mammalian infection","volume":"75","author":"Woodman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2010.10.003","article-title":"Infectivity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is unaltered in C3-deficient mice","volume":"2","author":"van Burgel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4432","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.8.4432-4440.2003","article-title":"Effect of complement component C3 deficiency on experimental Lyme borreliosis in mice","volume":"71","author":"Lawrenz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3815","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.10.3815-3818.1991","article-title":"Depletion of complement and effects on passive transfer of resistance to infection with Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"59","author":"Schmitz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.5.2104-2107.1993","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi infection and immunity in mice deficient in the fifth component of complement","volume":"61","author":"Bockenstedt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37922-8","article-title":"The role of mannose binding lectin in the immune response against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato","volume":"9","author":"Coumou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00959","article-title":"The classical complement pathway is required to control Borrelia burgdorferi levels during experimental infection","volume":"9","author":"Zhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Trends in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0966842X20301293?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0966842X20301293?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T18:43:14Z","timestamp":1760812994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0966842X20301293"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0966842X20301293"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0966-842X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0966-842X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Complement Evasion by Lyme Disease Spirochetes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}