{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T22:20:09Z","timestamp":1787091609619,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmn.com","cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Neurosciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T16:08:04Z","timestamp":1750090084000},"page":"523-537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Progranulin function and regulation in the CNS"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Benjamin E.","family":"Life","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4532-766X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blair R.","family":"Leavitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.200900086","article-title":"The granulin gene family: from cancer to dementia","volume":"31","author":"Bateman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(92)92349-3","article-title":"Structure and chromosomal location of the human granulin gene","volume":"188","author":"Bhandari","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3931","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22430","article-title":"Progranulin expression in the developing and adult murine brain","volume":"518","author":"Petkau","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0020","first-page":"5412","article-title":"Activity-dependent secretion of progranulin from synapses","volume":"126","author":"Petoukhov","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.01.001","article-title":"Loss of exosomes in progranulin-associated frontotemporal dementia","volume":"40","author":"Benussi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106326","article-title":"Regulation of extracellular progranulin in medial prefrontal cortex","volume":"188","author":"Kaplelach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026454","article-title":"Progranulin, a glycoprotein deficient in frontotemporal dementia, is a novel substrate of several protein disulfide isomerase family proteins","volume":"6","author":"Almeida","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2709-7","article-title":"Neurotoxic microglia promote TDP-43 proteinopathy in progranulin deficiency","volume":"588","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01124-3","article-title":"Neurovascular dysfunction in GRN-associated frontotemporal dementia identified by single-nucleus RNA sequencing of human cerebral cortex","volume":"25","author":"Gerrits","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI164919","article-title":"Astroglial toxicity promotes synaptic degeneration in the thalamocortical circuit in frontotemporal dementia with GRN mutations","volume":"133","author":"Marsan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2021.11.015","article-title":"Progranulin as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"43","author":"Rhinn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.04.021","article-title":"Strikingly different clinicopathological phenotypes determined by progranulin-mutation dosage","volume":"90","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0065","first-page":"845","article-title":"Common pathobiochemical hallmarks of progranulin-associated frontotemporal lobar degeneration and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis","volume":"127","author":"G\u00f6tzl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aah5642","article-title":"Individuals with progranulin haploinsufficiency exhibit features of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis","volume":"9","author":"Ward","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa414","article-title":"Early-onset phenotype of bi-allelic GRN mutations","volume":"144","author":"Neuray","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.811686","article-title":"Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: the multifaceted approach to the clinical issues, an overview","volume":"13","author":"Simonati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160999","article-title":"Progranulin deficiency causes impairment of autophagy and TDP-43 accumulation","volume":"214","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-018-0281-5","article-title":"Early lysosomal maturation deficits in microglia triggers enhanced lysosomal activity in other brain cells of progranulin knockout mice","volume":"13","author":"G\u00f6tzl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091568","article-title":"Exaggerated inflammation, impaired host defense, and neuropathology in progranulin-deficient mice","volume":"207","author":"Yin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090915","article-title":"Accelerated lipofuscinosis and ubiquitination in granulin knockout mice suggest a role for progranulin in successful aging","volume":"177","author":"Ahmed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3955","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI63113","article-title":"Progranulin deficiency promotes neuroinflammation and neuron loss following toxin-induced injury","volume":"122","author":"Martens","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05016","article-title":"Mutations in progranulin cause tau-negative frontotemporal dementia linked to chromosome 17","volume":"442","author":"Baker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl241","article-title":"Mutations in progranulin are a major cause of ubiquitin-positive frontotemporal lobar degeneration","volume":"15","author":"Gass","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05017","article-title":"Null mutations in progranulin cause ubiquitin-positive frontotemporal dementia linked to chromosome 17q21","volume":"442","author":"Cruts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51140-1_13","article-title":"Frontotemporal lobar degeneration TDP-43-immunoreactive pathological subtypes: clinical and mechanistic significance","volume":"1281","author":"Neumann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106138","article-title":"FTD-associated behavioural and transcriptomic abnormalities in 'humanized' progranulin-deficient mice: a novel model for progranulin-associated FTD","volume":"182","author":"Life","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12300","article-title":"Progranulin haploinsufficiency causes biphasic social dominance abnormalities in the tube test","volume":"15","author":"Arrant","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30394-1","article-title":"Age at symptom onset and death and disease duration in genetic frontotemporal dementia: an international retrospective cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Moore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamaneurol.393","article-title":"Progranulin mutations as risk factors for Alzheimer disease","volume":"70","author":"Perry","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.10.1436","article-title":"Alzheimer and Parkinson diagnoses in progranulin null mutation carriers in an extended founder family","volume":"64","author":"Brouwers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3672","article-title":"Progranulin protects against amyloid \u03b2 deposition and toxicity in Alzheimer's disease mouse models","volume":"20","author":"Minami","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202000874","article-title":"A multifaceted role of progranulin in regulating amyloid-beta dynamics and responses","volume":"4","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci. Alliance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1668-z","article-title":"Opposing effects of progranulin deficiency on amyloid and tau pathologies via microglial TYROBP network","volume":"133","author":"Takahashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2009-1170","article-title":"Rs5848 variant influences GRN mRNA levels in brain and peripheral mononuclear cells in patients with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"18","author":"Fenoglio","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00633-4","article-title":"A genome-wide search for pleiotropy in more than 100,000 harmonized longitudinal cognitive domain scores","volume":"18","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3631","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn257","article-title":"Common variation in the miR-659 binding-site of GRN is a major risk factor for TDP43-positive frontotemporal dementia","volume":"17","author":"Rademakers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.10.009","article-title":"rs5848 polymorphism and serum progranulin level","volume":"300","author":"Hsiung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0190","article-title":"Serum progranulin is not associated with rs5848 polymorphism in Korean patients with neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"17","author":"Jung","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10341","article-title":"Progranulin (acrogranin\/PC cell-derived growth factor\/granulin-epithelin precursor) is expressed in the placenta, epidermis, microvasculature, and brain during murine development","volume":"227","author":"Daniel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200712039","article-title":"Progranulin functions as a neurotrophic factor to regulate neurite outgrowth and enhance neuronal survival","volume":"181","author":"Van Damme","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.04.001","article-title":"Progranulin deficiency promotes circuit-specific synaptic pruning by microglia via complement activation","volume":"165","author":"Lui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.01.018","article-title":"Retrograde signaling from progranulin to Sort1 counteracts synapse elimination in the developing cerebellum","volume":"97","author":"Uesaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.5152\/eurasianjmed.2022.21292","article-title":"Is serum progranulin level a biomarker in autism and cognitive development disorders?","volume":"54","author":"Ozgeris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eurasian J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-111","article-title":"Low plasma progranulin levels in children with autism","volume":"8","author":"Al-Ayadhi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx265","article-title":"Elevated progranulin contributes to synaptic and learning deficit due to loss of fragile X mental retardation protein","volume":"140","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crneur.2023.100094","article-title":"Progranulin is an FMRP target that influences macroorchidism but not behaviour in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Life","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2021.108689","article-title":"Abnormal spatiotemporal expression pattern of progranulin and neurodevelopment impairment in VPA-induced ASD rat model","volume":"196","author":"Lan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01875-4","article-title":"Progranulin improves neural development via the PI3K\/Akt\/GSK-3\u03b2 pathway in the cerebellum of a VPA-induced rat model of ASD","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15061706","article-title":"Progranulin oncogenic network in solid tumors","volume":"15","author":"Ventura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2014.05.025","article-title":"Growth factor progranulin contributes to cervical cancer cell proliferation and transformation in vivo and in vitro","volume":"134","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1999.0617","article-title":"Divergence time estimates for the early history of animal phyla and the origin of plants, animals and fungi","volume":"266","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.12.002","article-title":"PGRN is a key adipokine mediating high fat diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity through IL-6 in adipose tissue","volume":"15","author":"Matsubara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/360190","article-title":"Plasma progranulin concentrations are increased in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity and correlated with insulin resistance","volume":"2013","author":"Qu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1147","article-title":"Serum progranulin concentrations may be associated with macrophage infiltration into omental adipose tissue","volume":"58","author":"Youn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0185-4","article-title":"Lysosomes as dynamic regulators of cell and organismal homeostasis","volume":"21","author":"Ballabio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133749","article-title":"The evolution of the secreted regulatory protein progranulin","volume":"10","author":"Palfree","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.06.049","article-title":"Increased lysosomal biogenesis in activated microglia and exacerbated neuronal damage after traumatic brain injury in progranulin-deficient mice","volume":"250","author":"Tanaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8677","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr593","article-title":"Transcriptional gene network inference from a massive dataset elucidates transcriptome organization and gene function","volume":"39","author":"Belcastro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0295","first-page":"969","article-title":"Progranulin regulates lysosomal function and biogenesis through acidification of lysosomes","volume":"26","author":"Tanaka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1174447","article-title":"A gene network regulating lysosomal biogenesis and function","volume":"325","author":"Sardiello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03370-1","article-title":"Microglial progranulin differently regulates hypothalamic lysosomal function in lean and obese conditions via cleavage-dependent mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.10.010","article-title":"Progranulin recruits HSP70 to \u03b2-glucocerebrosidase and is therapeutic against Gaucher disease","volume":"13","author":"Jian","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1719-5","article-title":"Regulation of cathepsin D activity by the FTLD protein progranulin","volume":"134","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2019.01.027","article-title":"Progranulin stimulates the in vitro maturation of pro-cathepsin D at acidic pH","volume":"431","author":"Butler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.9b00275","article-title":"Multi-granulin domain peptides bind to pro-cathepsin D and stimulate its enzymatic activity more effectively than progranulin in vitro","volume":"58","author":"Butler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4861","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddx364","article-title":"Progranulin-mediated deficiency of cathepsin D results in FTD and NCL-like phenotypes in neurons derived from FTD patients","volume":"26","author":"Valdez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2850","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddx162","article-title":"Progranulin functions as a cathepsin D chaperone to stimulate axonal outgrowth in vivo","volume":"26","author":"Beel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0340","first-page":"5331","article-title":"Biological activities and signaling pathways of the granulin\/epithelin precursor","volume":"59","author":"Zanocco-Marani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1315","article-title":"Endocytic recycling","volume":"5","author":"Maxfield","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.3921","article-title":"HDL\/apolipoprotein A-I binds to macrophage-derived progranulin and suppresses its conversion into proinflammatory granulins","volume":"17","author":"Okura","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Atheroscler. Thromb."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.11.002","article-title":"Progranulin is a chemoattractant for microglia and stimulates their endocytic activity","volume":"178","author":"Pickford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2019.154796","article-title":"Role of progranulin in adipose tissue innate immunity","volume":"125","author":"Schmid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035115","article-title":"Regulation of progranulin expression in human microglia and proteolysis of progranulin by matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12)","volume":"7","author":"Suh","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-020-00355-y","article-title":"Progranulin inhibits LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization via NF-small ka, CyrillicB and MAPK pathways","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10431","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.21.10431-10445.2001","article-title":"Identification of genes involved in the host response to neurovirulent alphavirus infection","volume":"75","author":"Johnston","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-021-00406-7","article-title":"Progranulin signaling in sepsis, community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and COVID-19: a comparative, observational study","volume":"9","author":"Brandes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2580","article-title":"Progranulin expression correlates with dense-core amyloid plaque burden in Alzheimer disease mouse models","volume":"219","author":"Pereson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.01.018","article-title":"Granulin is a soluble cofactor for Toll-like receptor 9 signaling","volume":"34","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105314","article-title":"Human progranulin-expressing mice as a novel tool for the development of progranulin-modulating therapeutics","volume":"153","author":"Petkau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2493-4","article-title":"Expanded encyclopaedias of DNA elements in the human and mouse genomes","volume":"583","author":"Abascal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3332","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3498-17.2019","article-title":"Genetic regulation of neuronal progranulin reveals a critical role for the autophagy\u2013lysosome pathway","volume":"39","author":"Elia","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15635","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.333450","article-title":"TDP-43 and FUS RNA-binding proteins bind distinct sets of cytoplasmic messenger RNAs and differently regulate their post-transcriptional fate in motoneuron-like cells","volume":"287","author":"Colombrita","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.09.099","article-title":"Progranulin deficiency leads to enhanced cell vulnerability and TDP-43 translocation in primary neuronal cultures","volume":"1366","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-018-0288-y","article-title":"Progranulin reduces insoluble TDP-43 levels, slows down axonal degeneration and prolongs survival in mutant TDP-43 mice","volume":"13","author":"Beel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03039-1","article-title":"Progranulin haploinsufficiency mediates cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregation with lysosomal abnormalities in human microglia","volume":"21","author":"Sung","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010551","article-title":"MicroRNA-29b regulates the expression level of human progranulin, a secreted glycoprotein implicated in frontotemporal dementia","volume":"5","author":"Jiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.091202","article-title":"miR-107 regulates granulin\/progranulin with implications for traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disease","volume":"177","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2021.713031","article-title":"Tweaking progranulin expression: therapeutic avenues and opportunities","volume":"14","author":"Terryn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.102087","article-title":"Critical roles of protein disulfide isomerases in balancing proteostasis in the nervous system","volume":"298","author":"Medinas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2010.02.013","article-title":"Development and application of mass spectrometric methods for the analysis of progranulin N-glycosylation","volume":"73","author":"Songsrirote","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Proteome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004840","article-title":"Progranulin: functions and neurologic correlations","volume":"90","author":"Townley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2022.09.006","article-title":"Lysosomal functions of progranulin and implications for treatment of frontotemporal dementia","volume":"33","author":"Simon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2012.01.003","article-title":"Sortilin: a receptor to regulate neuronal viability and function","volume":"35","author":"Nykjaer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.09.034","article-title":"Sortilin-mediated endocytosis determines levels of the frontotemporal dementia protein, progranulin","volume":"68","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0480","article-title":"C-terminus of progranulin interacts with the beta-propeller region of sortilin to regulate progranulin trafficking","volume":"6","author":"Zheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab310","article-title":"Regulation of lysosomal trafficking of progranulin by sortilin and prosaposin","volume":"4","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt534","article-title":"Targeted manipulation of the sortilin-progranulin axis rescues progranulin haploinsufficiency","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.586107","article-title":"Anti-sortilin1 antibody up-regulates progranulin via sortilin1 down-regulation","volume":"14","author":"Miyakawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04251-y","article-title":"Latozinemab, a novel progranulin-elevating therapy for frontotemporal dementia","volume":"21","author":"Kurnellas","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201502029","article-title":"Prosaposin facilitates sortilin-independent lysosomal trafficking of progranulin","volume":"210","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14110","article-title":"The interaction between progranulin and prosaposin is mediated by granulins and the linker region between saposin B and C","volume":"143","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15277","article-title":"Impaired prosaposin lysosomal trafficking in frontotemporal lobar degeneration due to progranulin mutations","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9593","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.20.9593","article-title":"Identification of prosaposin as a neurotrophic factor","volume":"91","author":"O'Brien","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11992","article-title":"Prosaposin is a regulator of progranulin levels and oligomerization","volume":"7","author":"Nicholson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115946","article-title":"Targeting progranulin as an immuno-neurology therapeutic approach","volume":"24","author":"Boylan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3430","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06648.x","article-title":"Differential sorting of lysosomal enzymes in mannose 6-phosphate receptor-deficient fibroblasts","volume":"13","author":"Ludwig","year":"1994","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17068","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4067-10.2010","article-title":"Neuronal LRP1 knockout in adult mice leads to impaired brain lipid metabolism and progressive, age-dependent synapse loss and neurodegeneration","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113333","article-title":"SorCS2 binds progranulin to regulate motor neuron development","volume":"42","author":"Thomasen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1199214","article-title":"The growth factor progranulin binds to TNF receptors and is therapeutic against inflammatory arthritis in mice","volume":"332","author":"Tang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00793","article-title":"Lack of evidence for a direct interaction of progranulin and tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 from cellular binding studies","volume":"9","author":"Lang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201603079","article-title":"EphA2 is a functional receptor for the growth factor progranulin","volume":"215","author":"Neill","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C391","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00248.2023","article-title":"Progranulin and EGFR modulate receptor-like tyrosine kinase sorting and stability in mesothelioma cells","volume":"325","author":"Ventura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-016-0132-1","article-title":"Progranulin promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and reinnervation: role of Notch signaling","volume":"11","author":"Altmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-89512-3_6","article-title":"Endocytic trafficking of the Notch receptor","volume":"1066","author":"Schnute","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)01141-8","article-title":"Conversion of proepithelin to epithelins: roles of SLPI and elastase in host defense and wound repair","volume":"111","author":"Zhu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-021-00472-1","article-title":"Processing of progranulin into granulins involves multiple lysosomal proteases and is affected in frontotemporal lobar degeneration","volume":"16","author":"Mohan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008295","article-title":"Age- and stress-associated C. elegans granulins impair lysosomal function and induce a compensatory HLH-30\/TFEB transcriptional response","volume":"15","author":"Butler","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114985","article-title":"Granulins rescue inflammation, lysosome dysfunction, lipofuscin, and neuropathology in a mouse model of progranulin deficiency","volume":"43","author":"Root","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.10-116S","article-title":"Age-dependent changes in progranulin expression in the mouse brain","volume":"57","author":"Matsuwaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000445","article-title":"Progranulin protein levels are differently regulated in plasma and CSF","volume":"82","author":"Nicholson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1080\/08977190701781222","article-title":"Progranulin is a stress-response factor in fibroblasts subjected to hypoxia and acidosis","volume":"25","author":"Guerra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.09.008","article-title":"Hypoxia induces up-regulation of progranulin in neuroblastoma cell lines","volume":"57","author":"Piscopo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2016.00031","article-title":"Reduced miR-659-3p levels correlate with progranulin increase in hypoxic conditions: implications for frontotemporal dementia","volume":"9","author":"Piscopo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5757-10.2011","article-title":"Rescue of progranulin deficiency associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration by alkalizing reagents and inhibition of vacuolar ATPase","volume":"31","author":"Capell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20200905","article-title":"Chloroquine and bafilomycin A mimic lysosomal storage disorders and impair mTORC1 signalling","volume":"40","author":"Fedele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11213","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0521-12.2012","article-title":"TMEM106B, the risk gene for frontotemporal dementia, is regulated by the microRNA-132\/212 cluster and affects progranulin pathways","volume":"32","author":"Chen-Plotkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16101","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.193433","article-title":"Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (vorinostat) up-regulates progranulin transcription: rational therapeutic approach to frontotemporal dementia","volume":"286","author":"Cenik","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.25584","article-title":"Effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor FRM-0334 on progranulin levels in patients with progranulin gene haploinsufficiency: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"4","author":"Ljubenkov","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-016-0114-3","article-title":"Trehalose upregulates progranulin expression in human and mouse models of GRN haploinsufficiency: a novel therapeutic lead to treat frontotemporal dementia","volume":"11","author":"Holler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01420-z","article-title":"A systematic review of progranulin concentrations in biofluids in over 7,000 people-assessing the pathogenicity of GRN mutations and other influencing factors","volume":"16","author":"Swift","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3081-17.2018","article-title":"Progranulin gene therapy improves lysosomal dysfunction and microglial pathology associated with frontotemporal dementia and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis","volume":"38","author":"Arrant","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx060","article-title":"Restoring neuronal progranulin reverses deficits in a mouse model of frontotemporal dementia","volume":"140","author":"Arrant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adj7308","article-title":"Peripheral expression of brain-penetrant progranulin rescues pathologies in mouse models of frontotemporal lobar degeneration","volume":"16","author":"Reich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2012.09.007","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cell models of progranulin-deficient frontotemporal dementia uncover specific reversible neuronal defects","volume":"2","author":"Almeida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-020-00369-5","article-title":"Premature termination codon readthrough upregulates progranulin expression and improves lysosomal function in preclinical models of GRN deficiency","volume":"15","author":"Frew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02973-0","article-title":"Progranulin AAV gene therapy for frontotemporal dementia: translational studies and phase 1\/2 trial interim results","volume":"30","author":"Sevigny","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.08.002","article-title":"Rescue of a lysosomal storage disorder caused by Grn loss of function with a brain penetrant progranulin biologic","volume":"184","author":"Logan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2849","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1722344115","article-title":"Murine knockin model for progranulin-deficient frontotemporal dementia with nonsense-mediated mRNA decay","volume":"115","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.105475","article-title":"Antisense oligonucleotides targeting the miR-29b binding site in the GRN mRNA increase progranulin translation","volume":"299","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["Trends in Neurosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166223625000992?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166223625000992?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T11:09:04Z","timestamp":1751972944000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0166223625000992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0166223625000992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0166-2236"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-2236","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Progranulin function and regulation in the CNS","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Neurosciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2025.05.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}