{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T19:51:17Z","timestamp":1792439477928,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Chongqing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025GGXM005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025GGXM005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Chongqing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSTB2023NSCQ-JQX0019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2023NSCQ-JQX0019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82571636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82571636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A20294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20294"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Neurosciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T04:21:02Z","timestamp":1792383662000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Apolipoprotein E4 and immune dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Jiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian-Le","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.01.056","article-title":"A quarter century of APOE and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: progress to date and the path forward","volume":"101","author":"Belloy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30412-9","article-title":"APOE and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: advances in genetics, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches","volume":"20","author":"Serrano-Pozo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02931-w","article-title":"APOE4 homozygozity represents a distinct genetic form of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Fortea","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0228-7","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease: pathobiology and targeting strategies","volume":"15","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002156","article-title":"Human apoE isoforms differentially regulate brain amyloid-\u03b2 peptide clearance","volume":"3","author":"Castellano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.12.044","article-title":"ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4 differentially stimulate APP transcription and A\u03b2 secretion","volume":"168","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18700","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508693102","article-title":"Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 enhances amyloid beta peptide production in cultured neuronal cells: apoE structure as a potential therapeutic target","volume":"102","author":"Ye","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.11.013","article-title":"ApoE4 accelerates early seeding of amyloid pathology","volume":"96","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4002","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI36663","article-title":"apoE isoform\u2013specific disruption of amyloid \u03b2 peptide clearance from mouse brain","volume":"118","author":"Deane","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01627-6","article-title":"APOE4 impairs the microglial response in Alzheimer\u2019s disease by inducing TGF\u03b2-mediated checkpoints","volume":"24","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01640-9","article-title":"Cell-autonomous effects of APOE4 in restricting microglial response in brain homeostasis and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01104-7","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease","volume":"25","author":"Heneka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.08.037","article-title":"Human microglial state dynamics in Alzheimer\u2019s disease progression","volume":"186","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-026-04393-8","article-title":"Human microglial transitions at the A\u03b2-tau inflection point associate with divergent pathways to dementia and resilience","volume":"32","author":"Lu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8372","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62405-6","article-title":"CD103\u2212CD8+ T cells promote neurotoxic inflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease via granzyme K\u2013PAR-1 signaling","volume":"16","author":"Terrabuio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03122-3","article-title":"Sex-dependent APOE4 neutrophil\u2013microglia interactions drive cognitive impairment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Rosenzweig","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-026-10939-0","article-title":"Somatic mutations reveal the ontogeny of microglia in human ageing","author":"Belk","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01682-8","article-title":"T cell-mediated microglial activation triggers myelin pathology in a mouse model of amyloidosis","volume":"27","author":"Kedia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05788-0","article-title":"Microglia-mediated T cell infiltration drives neurodegeneration in tauopathy","volume":"615","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26043","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.679043","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E is a ligand for triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2)","volume":"290","author":"Atagi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.06.015","article-title":"TREM2 binds to apolipoproteins, including APOE and CLU\/APOJ, and thereby facilitates uptake of amyloid-beta by microglia","volume":"91","author":"Yeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3416","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23762-0","article-title":"Phospholipids of APOE lipoproteins activate microglia in an isoform-specific manner in preclinical models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Fitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0115","article-title":"Functional insights from biophysical study of TREM2 interactions with apoE and A\u03b21\u201342","author":"Kober","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-022-00759-y","article-title":"LilrB3 is a putative cell surface receptor of APOE4","volume":"33","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.04.010","article-title":"ApoE promotes the proteolytic degradation of A\u03b2","volume":"58","author":"Jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-025-02016-5","article-title":"APOE4 impairs autophagy and A\u03b2 clearance by microglial cells","volume":"74","author":"Bassal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00181","article-title":"Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells is specifically upregulated in ApoE4 expressing microglia in vitro","volume":"13","author":"Muth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202256467","article-title":"Reduced binding of apoE4 to complement factor H promotes amyloid-\u03b2 oligomerization and neuroinflammation","volume":"24","author":"Chernyaeva","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.106375","article-title":"INPP5D modulates TREM2 loss-of-function phenotypes in a \u03b2-amyloidosis mouse model","volume":"26","author":"Iguchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4908","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13089","article-title":"The Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk factor INPP5D restricts neuroprotective microglial responses in amyloid beta-mediated pathology","volume":"19","author":"Samuels","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.018","article-title":"A unique microglia type associated with restricting development of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"169","author":"Keren-Shaul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-024-00714-y","article-title":"APOE4 genotype and aging impair injury-induced microglial behavior in brain slices, including toward A\u03b2, through P2RY12","volume":"19","author":"Sepulveda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11524","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1710311114","article-title":"TREM2 deficiency attenuates neuroinflammation and protects against neurodegeneration in a mouse model of tauopathy","volume":"114","author":"Leyns","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4883","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60099-4","article-title":"The APOE isoforms differentially shape the transcriptomic and epigenomic landscapes of human microglia xenografted into a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Murphy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.12.001","article-title":"An exhausted-like microglial population accumulates in aged and APOE4 genotype Alzheimer\u2019s brains","volume":"57","author":"Millet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2026.02.004","article-title":"Immunity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: from mechanisms to therapies","volume":"59","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19053","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.32.19053","article-title":"Human apolipoprotein E4 domain interaction. Arginine 61 and glutamic acid 255 interact to direct the preference for very low density lipoproteins","volume":"271","author":"Dong","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4315-03.2004","article-title":"Neuron-specific apolipoprotein E4 proteolysis is associated with increased tau phosphorylation in brains of transgenic mice","volume":"24","author":"Brecht","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8838","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.151254698","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E fragments present in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brains induce neurofibrillary tangle-like intracellular inclusions in neurons","volume":"98","author":"Huang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10966","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1434398100","article-title":"Carboxyl-terminal-truncated apolipoprotein E4 causes Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits in transgenic mice","volume":"100","author":"Harris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190419","article-title":"Neuron-specific apolipoprotein E4 (1-272) fragment induces tau hyperphosphorylation and axonopathy via triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"71","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70729","article-title":"TREM2-apoE3 interactions and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: molecular and structural insights and effects of TREM2 R47H and apoE4 variants","volume":"21","author":"Greer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.022","article-title":"TREM2-independent microgliosis promotes tau-mediated neurodegeneration in the presence of ApoE4","volume":"111","author":"Gratuze","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.10.023","article-title":"Amelioration of Tau and ApoE4-linked glial lipid accumulation and neurodegeneration with an LXR agonist","volume":"112","author":"Litvinchuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.05.017","article-title":"Cholesterol and matrisome pathways dysregulated in astrocytes and microglia","volume":"185","author":"Tcw","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07185-7","article-title":"APOE4\/4 is linked to damaging lipid droplets in Alzheimer\u2019s disease microglia","volume":"628","author":"Haney","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24016","article-title":"ApoE4 markedly exacerbates tau-mediated neurodegeneration in a mouse model of tauopathy","volume":"549","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.10.005","article-title":"Microglia depletion reduces human neuronal APOE4-related pathologies in a chimeric Alzheimer\u2019s disease model","volume":"32","author":"Rao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade1474","article-title":"APOE\u03b54 associates with microglial activation independently of A\u03b2 plaques and tau tangles","volume":"9","author":"Ferrari-Souza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106983","article-title":"APOE4 reshapes the lipid droplet proteome and modulates microglial inflammatory responses","volume":"212","author":"Friday","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-07328-8","article-title":"The TRPV1-PKM2-SREBP1 axis maintains microglial lipid homeostasis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Sha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.029","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2 induces lipid droplet-mediated microglial dysfunction via the enzyme DGAT2 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"58","author":"Prakash","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0566-1","article-title":"Lipid-droplet-accumulating microglia represent a dysfunctional and proinflammatory state in the aging brain","volume":"23","author":"Marschallinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03470-y","article-title":"Inflammation-induced lysosomal dysfunction in human iPSC-derived microglia is exacerbated by APOE 4\/4 genotype","volume":"22","author":"Hell\u00e9n","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2022.07.005","article-title":"Lipid accumulation induced by APOE4 impairs microglial surveillance of neuronal-network activity","volume":"29","author":"Victor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112196","article-title":"APOE modulates microglial immunometabolism in response to age, amyloid pathology, and inflammatory challenge","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102846","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming in inflammatory microglia indicates a potential way of targeting inflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"66","author":"Sangineto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.02.013","article-title":"Positive feedback regulation of microglial glucose metabolism by histone H4 lysine 12 lactylation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.06.005","article-title":"A breakdown in metabolic reprogramming causes microglia dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Baik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0300","article-title":"Human astrocytes and microglia show augmented ingestion of synapses in Alzheimer\u2019s disease via MFG-E8","volume":"4","author":"Tzioras","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad8373","article-title":"Complement and microglia mediate early synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models","volume":"352","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00281-1","article-title":"Complement C1q-dependent excitatory and inhibitory synapse elimination by astrocytes and microglia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse models","volume":"2","author":"Dejanovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2022113246","article-title":"Microglia-synapse engulfment via PtdSer-TREM2 ameliorates neuronal hyperactivity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease models","volume":"42","author":"Rueda-Carrasco","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181184","article-title":"Neuronal apolipoprotein E4 expression results in proteome-wide alterations and compromises bioenergetic capacity by disrupting mitochondrial function","volume":"68","author":"Orr","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6441","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14173","article-title":"APOE \u03b54-associated downregulation of the IL-7\/IL-7R pathway in effector memory T cells: implications for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03835-z","article-title":"APOE \u03b54 carriers share immune-related proteomic changes across neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"31","author":"Shvetcov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.01.013","article-title":"Epigenetic dysregulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease peripheral immunity","volume":"112","author":"Ramakrishnan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-023-01077-y","article-title":"Improving blood monocyte energy metabolism enhances its ability to phagocytose amyloid-\u03b2 and prevents Alzheimer\u2019s disease-type pathology and cognitive deficits","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01113-9","article-title":"Amyloid-beta uptake by blood monocytes is reduced with ageing and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7998","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52396-1","article-title":"Clearance and transport of amyloid \u03b2 by peripheral monocytes correlate with Alzheimer\u2019s disease progression","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210692","article-title":"The correlation of tau levels with blood monocyte count in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"85","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0360","article-title":"Roles of blood monocytes carrying TREM2R47H mutation in pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and its therapeutic potential in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"21","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-026-04408-5","article-title":"Impaired amyloid-beta uptake and distinct transcriptomic profiles of monocytes in APOE4 carriers: the chongqing ageing and dementia study","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.01.032","article-title":"APO\u03b54 is associated with enhanced in vivo innate immune responses in human subjects","volume":"134","author":"Gale","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71714","article-title":"Cross-tissue immune profiling of APOE \u03b54 reveals early dysregulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Shvetcov","year":"2026","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01757-6","article-title":"A cell-autonomous role for border-associated macrophages in ApoE4 neurovascular dysfunction and susceptibility to white matter injury","volume":"27","author":"Anfray","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.3618","article-title":"Etiology of white matter hyperintensities in autosomal dominant and sporadic Alzheimer disease","volume":"80","author":"Shirzadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.07.043","article-title":"Brain perivascular macrophages regulate endothelial cell function via a cMAF-dependent transcriptional program in mouse and human","author":"Brioschi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05322-1","article-title":"Myeloid apolipoprotein E controls dendritic cell antigen presentation and T cell activation","volume":"9","author":"Bonacina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251320123","article-title":"ApoE \u03b54-dependent alteration of CXCR3+CD127+ CD4+ T cells associates with elevated plasma neurofilament light chain in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"104","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02308-7","article-title":"CD4+ effector T cells accelerate Alzheimer\u2019s disease in mice","volume":"18","author":"Machhi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00692-7","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2 specific regulatory T cells attenuate Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathobiology in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"18","author":"Yeapuri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01415-3","article-title":"Infiltrating CD8+ T cells exacerbate Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology in a 3D human neuroimmune axis model","volume":"26","author":"Jorfi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.51","article-title":"Women with the Alzheimer\u2019s risk marker ApoE4 lose A\u03b2-specific CD4+ T cells 10\u201320 years before men","volume":"4","author":"Begum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-023-06763-x","article-title":"Vivaria housing conditions expose sex differences in brain oxidation, microglial activation, and immune system states in aged hAPOE4 mice","volume":"242","author":"Reyes-Reyes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-024-00445-6","article-title":"TRPV1 alleviates APOE4-dependent microglial antigen presentation and T cell infiltration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2247-3","article-title":"APOE4 leads to blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction predicting cognitive decline","volume":"581","author":"Montagne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20221137","article-title":"A \u201cmulti-omics\u201d analysis of blood\u2013brain barrier and synaptic dysfunction in APOE4 mice","volume":"219","author":"Barisano","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3913","article-title":"Neutrophils promote Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like pathology and cognitive decline via LFA-1 integrin","volume":"21","author":"Zenaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1895-7","article-title":"Clonally expanded CD8 T cells patrol the cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"577","author":"Gate","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-026-02427-5","article-title":"Priming of CD8+ T cells by peripheral dendritic cells exacerbates tau-mediated neurodegeneration","author":"Hu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-025-02198-4","article-title":"Granzyme K+ CD8 T cells slow tauopathy progression by targeting microglia","volume":"26","author":"Mason","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01604-z","article-title":"CXCR6 orchestrates brain CD8+ T cell residency and limits mouse Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology","volume":"24","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0329-4","article-title":"Neutrophil adhesion in brain capillaries reduces cortical blood flow and impairs memory function in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse models","volume":"22","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.04.020","article-title":"Intracerebral adeno-associated virus gene delivery of apolipoprotein E2 markedly reduces brain amyloid pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse models","volume":"44","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.11.003","article-title":"AAVrh.10 delivery of novel APOE2-Christchurch variant suppresses amyloid and Tau pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mice","volume":"32","author":"G\u00fcnaydin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.03.024","article-title":"APOE2 gene therapy reduces amyloid deposition and improves markers of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease","volume":"32","author":"Jackson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-025-02094-y","article-title":"APOE4 to APOE2 allelic switching in mice improves Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related metabolic signatures, neuropathology and cognition","volume":"28","author":"Golden","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.04.027","article-title":"Hepatic expression of APOE3 Christchurch mitigates APOE4-related Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathologies in mice","author":"Tang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1177\/10430342251401888","article-title":"Prime editing of Alzheimer\u2019s disease high-risk APOE4 allele by brain-directed adeno-associated virus vectors","volume":"37","author":"G\u00fcnaydin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4028\/b-u9QtX5","article-title":"Therapeutic gene editing of APOE4 in sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease via prime editor 7","author":"Kim","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26043","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E4 reduction with antisense oligonucleotides decreases neurodegeneration in a tauopathy model","volume":"89","author":"Litvinchuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13704","article-title":"Synergism of ApoE4 and systemic infectious burden is mediated by the APOE-NLRP3 axis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"78","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-024-01295-y","article-title":"Blockade of STING activation alleviates microglial dysfunction and a broad spectrum of Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathologies","volume":"56","author":"Chung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adw7428","article-title":"Loss of PILRA promotes microglial immunometabolism to reduce amyloid pathology in cell and mouse models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Weerakkody","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0530","first-page":"416","article-title":"A TREM2-activating antibody with a blood\u2013brain barrier transport vehicle enhances microglial metabolism in Alzheimer\u2019s disease models","volume":"26","author":"van Lengerich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.02.030","article-title":"Sex-specific APOE4-dependent innate immunity regulates meningeal lymphatics, brain lipids, neuroinflammation, and cognition","volume":"114","author":"Delivanoglou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01847-5","article-title":"Monocyte-derived macrophages act as reinforcements when microglia fall short in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"28","author":"Abellanas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI152565","article-title":"Peripheral monocyte-derived cells counter amyloid plaque pathogenesis in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"132","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01127-0","article-title":"Peripheral apoE4 enhances Alzheimer\u2019s pathology and impairs cognition by compromising cerebrovascular function","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.05.009","article-title":"APOE3, but not APOE4, bone marrow transplantation mitigates behavioral and pathological changes in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease","volume":"183","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adl1123","article-title":"Rejuvenation of peripheral immune cells attenuates Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like pathologies and behavioral deficits in a mouse model","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4022","article-title":"PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade reduces pathology and improves memory in mouse models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Baruch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08352-5","article-title":"PD-1\/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade harnesses monocyte-derived macrophages to combat cognitive impairment in a tauopathy mouse model","volume":"10","author":"Rosenzweig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3458","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-026-04547-8","article-title":"Immunotherapy with a short-lived anti-PD-L1 antibody in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a phase 1b, randomized, double-blind trial","volume":"32","author":"Croese","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-023-10090-x","article-title":"Low-dose IL-2 treatment rescues cognitive deficits by repairing the imbalance between Treg and Th17 cells at the middle Alzheimer\u2019s disease stage","volume":"18","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. NeuroImmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2530977123","article-title":"Engineering chimeric antigen receptor CD4 T cells for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"123","author":"Boskovic","year":"2026","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.175015","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor macrophages target and resorb amyloid plaques","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCI Insight"}],"container-title":["Trends in Neurosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166223626001918?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166223626001918?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T19:29:47Z","timestamp":1792438187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0166223626001918"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":118,"alternative-id":["S0166223626001918"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0166-2236"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-2236","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Apolipoprotein E4 and immune dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Neurosciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2026.09.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}