{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:40:24Z","timestamp":1792665624220,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,22]],"date-time":"2014-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","bmn.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Pharmacological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T15:04:49Z","timestamp":1419347089000},"page":"41-50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":270,"title":["Amphetamines, new psychoactive drugs and the monoamine transporter cycle"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Harald H.","family":"Sitte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Freissmuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2005.04.003","article-title":"Mechanisms of neurotransmitter release by amphetamines: a review","volume":"75","author":"Sulzer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1910.sp001392","article-title":"Chemical structure and sympathomimetic action of amines","volume":"41","author":"Barger","year":"1910","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0015","series-title":"Handbook of Psychopharmacology: Stimulants","first-page":"1","article-title":"Amphetamines: structure\u2013activity relationships","author":"Biel","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-011-0202-2","article-title":"Here today, gone tomorrow.. and back again? A review of herbal marijuana alternatives (K2, Spice), synthetic cathinones (bath salts), kratom, Salvia divinorum, methoxetamine, and piperazines","volume":"8","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1107097","article-title":"\u2018Bath salts\u2019 intoxication","volume":"365","author":"Ross","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-009-8053-4","article-title":"A closer look at amphetamine-induced reverse transport and trafficking of the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters","volume":"39","author":"Robertson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4592","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4559-08.2009","article-title":"Physical and functional interaction between the dopamine transporter and the synaptic vesicle protein synaptogyrin-3","volume":"29","author":"Egana","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)37272-1","article-title":"The chromaffin granule and synaptic vesicle amine transporters differ in substrate recognition and sensitivity to inhibitors","volume":"269","author":"Peter","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2796-07.2008","article-title":"Currents in response to rapid concentration jumps of amphetamine uncover novel aspects of human dopamine transporter function","volume":"28","author":"Erreger","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10924","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.083154","article-title":"The N terminus of monoamine transporters is a lever required for the action of amphetamines","volume":"285","author":"Sucic","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.33.040193.003231","article-title":"Amphetamine: effects on catecholamine systems and behavior","volume":"33","author":"Seiden","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4102","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-04102.1995","article-title":"Amphetamine redistributes dopamine from synaptic vesicles to the cytosol and promotes reverse transport","volume":"15","author":"Sulzer","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03181.x","article-title":"Amphetamine and other weak bases act to promote reverse transport of dopamine in ventral midbrain neurons","volume":"60","author":"Sulzer","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)39309-7","article-title":"Transporter-mediated release: a superfusion study on human embryonic kidney cells stably expressing the human serotonin transporter","volume":"293","author":"Scholze","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21630","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.484139","article-title":"Amphetamine activates an amine-gated chloride channel to generate behavioral effects in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"288","author":"Safratowich","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.05.043","article-title":"Amphetamine modulates excitatory neurotransmission through endocytosis of the glutamate transporter EAAT3 in dopamine neurons","volume":"83","author":"Underhill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-06-01979.1998","article-title":"Mechanisms of amphetamine action revealed in mice lacking the dopamine transporter","volume":"18","author":"Jones","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16928","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2502-11.2011","article-title":"Genetic deletion of trace amine 1 receptors reveals their role in auto-inhibiting the actions of ecstasy (MDMA)","volume":"31","author":"Di Cara","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.05.014","article-title":"Trace amine-associated receptor 1 partial agonism reveals novel paradigm for neuropsychiatric therapeutics","volume":"72","author":"Revel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4686","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3100-13.2014","article-title":"Amphetamine potentiates the effects of beta-phenylethylamine through activation of an amine-gated chloride channel","volume":"34","author":"Safratowich","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.108.000869","article-title":"SLC6 neurotransmitter transporters: structure, function, and regulation","volume":"63","author":"Kristensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020573325823","article-title":"Bioenergetics of neurotransmitter transport","volume":"30","author":"Rudnick","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Bioenerg. Biomembr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4876","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.8.4876","article-title":"Which form of dopamine is the substrate for the human dopamine transporter: the cationic or the uncharged species?","volume":"274","author":"Berfield","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1038\/211969a0","article-title":"Simple allosteric model for membrane pumps","volume":"211","author":"Jardetzky","year":"1966","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.259051","article-title":"How LeuT shapes our understanding of the mechanisms of sodium-coupled neurotransmitter transporters","volume":"592","author":"Penmatsa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12520","article-title":"A quantitative model of amphetamine action on the 5-HT transporter","volume":"171","author":"Sandtner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.304261","article-title":"Unifying concept of serotonin transporter-associated currents","volume":"287","author":"Schicker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4231","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5231","article-title":"Substrate-bound outward-open state of the betaine transporter BetP provides insights into Na+ coupling","volume":"5","author":"Perez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11403","article-title":"Alternating-access mechanism in conformationally asymmetric trimers of the betaine transporter BetP","volume":"490","author":"Perez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2010.10.014","article-title":"The structural basis of secondary active transport mechanisms","volume":"1807","author":"Forrest","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.71031289.x","article-title":"Carrier-mediated release, transport rates, and charge transfer induced by amphetamine, tyramine, and dopamine in mammalian cells transfected with the human dopamine transporter","volume":"71","author":"Sitte","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-03-00960.1997","article-title":"Multiple ionic conductances of the human dopamine transporter: the actions of dopamine and psychostimulants","volume":"17","author":"Sonders","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(02)75328-9","article-title":"Flux coupling in the human serotonin transporter","volume":"83","author":"Adams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(96)79616-9","article-title":"A multi-substrate single-file model for ion-coupled transporters","volume":"70","author":"Su","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/10158","article-title":"Ionic interactions in the Drosophila serotonin transporter identify it as a serotonin channel","volume":"2","author":"Petersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0732406.x","article-title":"Dopamine neuronal transport kinetics and effects of amphetamine","volume":"73","author":"Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5916","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-16-05916.2001","article-title":"Amphetamine distorts stimulation-dependent dopamine overflow: effects on D2 autoreceptors, transporters, and synaptic vesicle stores","volume":"21","author":"Schmitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.741317.x","article-title":"Characterization of carrier-mediated efflux in human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably expressing the rat serotonin transporter: a superfusion study","volume":"74","author":"Sitte","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)08549-9","article-title":"Mechanism of the dopamine-releasing actions of amphetamine and cocaine: plasmalemmal dopamine transporter versus vesicular monoamine transporter","volume":"47","author":"Pifl","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21505","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112265200","article-title":"The role of zinc ions in reverse transport mediated by monoamine transporters","volume":"277","author":"Scholze","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12070","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212815200","article-title":"Amphetamine-induced dopamine efflux. A voltage-sensitive and intracellular Na+-dependent mechanism","volume":"278","author":"Khoshbouei","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)31549-1","article-title":"Chemical release of dopamine from striatal homogenates: evidence for an exchange diffusion model","volume":"208","author":"Fischer","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3805","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007357200","article-title":"Oligomerization of the human serotonin transporter and of the rat GABA transporter 1 visualized by fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy in living cells","volume":"276","author":"Schmid","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1124\/mi.4.1.38","article-title":"Sodium-dependent neurotransmitter transporters: oligomerization as a determinant of transporter function and trafficking","volume":"4","author":"Sitte","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Interv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2014.03.019","article-title":"Tracking single serotonin transporter molecules at the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane","volume":"106","author":"Anderluh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4387","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.531632","article-title":"Single molecule analysis reveals coexistence of stable serotonin transporter monomers and oligomers in the live cell plasma membrane","volume":"289","author":"Anderluh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407737102","article-title":"Amphetamine induces dopamine efflux through a dopamine transporter channel","volume":"102","author":"Kahlig","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01728.x","article-title":"S(+)amphetamine induces a persistent leak in the human dopamine transporter: molecular stent hypothesis","volume":"165","author":"Rodriguez-Menchaca","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12766","article-title":"The conservative view: is it necessary to implant a stent into the dopamine transporter?","author":"Schmid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.67.1.140","article-title":"Amphetamines take two to tango: an oligomer-based counter-transport model of neurotransmitter transport explores the amphetamine action","volume":"67","author":"Seidel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06474.x","article-title":"The reverse operation of Na+\/Cl\u2212-coupled neurotransmitter transporters \u2013 why amphetamines take two to tango","volume":"112","author":"Sitte","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.05195.x","article-title":"Substrates dissociate dopamine transporter oligomers","volume":"105","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.06818.x","article-title":"Interrelation of dopamine transporter oligomerization and surface presence as studied with mutant transporter proteins and amphetamine","volume":"114","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32616","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.150565","article-title":"Membrane cholesterol modulates the outward facing conformation of the dopamine transporter and alters cocaine binding","volume":"285","author":"Hong","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10507","DOI":"10.1021\/bi010730z","article-title":"Membrane cholesterol modulates serotonin transporter activity","volume":"40","author":"Scanlon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12533","article-title":"X-ray structure of dopamine transporter elucidates antidepressant mechanism","volume":"503","author":"Penmatsa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C661","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.278.4.C661","article-title":"Interaction of PIP2 with the XIP region of the cardiac Na\/Ca exchanger","volume":"278","author":"He","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11642","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1220552110","article-title":"Amphetamine actions at the serotonin transporter rely on the availability of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate","volume":"110","author":"Buchmayer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1545","article-title":"PIP2 regulates psychostimulant behaviors through its interaction with a membrane protein","volume":"10","author":"Hamilton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2781","article-title":"Flotillin-1 is essential for PKC-triggered endocytosis and membrane microdomain localization of DAT","volume":"14","author":"Cremona","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.82","article-title":"The membrane raft protein Flotillin-1 is essential in dopamine neurons for amphetamine-induced behavior in Drosophila","volume":"18","author":"Pizzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.29","article-title":"Amphetamine-induced behavior requires CaMKII-dependent dopamine transporter phosphorylation","volume":"19","author":"Pizzo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5385","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6033-11.2012","article-title":"Attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder-derived coding variation in the dopamine transporter disrupts microdomain targeting and trafficking regulation","volume":"32","author":"Sakrikar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2013.07.005","article-title":"Mechanisms of dopamine transporter regulation in normal and disease states","volume":"34","author":"Vaughan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.66.1.137","article-title":"Intracellular Ca2+ regulates amphetamine-induced dopamine efflux and currents mediated by the human dopamine transporter","volume":"66","author":"Gnegy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.06.028","article-title":"Calmodulin kinase II interacts with the dopamine transporter C terminus to regulate amphetamine-induced reverse transport","volume":"51","author":"Fog","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29627","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.367219","article-title":"Ca2+\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIalpha (alphaCaMKII) controls the activity of the dopamine transporter: implications for Angelman syndrome","volume":"287","author":"Steinkellner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27534","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.441295","article-title":"Membrane-permeable C-terminal dopamine transporter peptides attenuate amphetamine-evoked dopamine release","volume":"288","author":"Rickhag","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.124","article-title":"In vivo amphetamine action is contingent on alphaCaMKII","volume":"39","author":"Steinkellner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6650","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306092200","article-title":"Identification of an additional interaction domain in transmembrane domains 11 and 12 that supports oligomer formation in the human serotonin transporter","volume":"279","author":"Just","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5444","DOI":"10.1021\/bi500637f","article-title":"Structure and regulatory interactions of the cytoplasmic terminal domains of serotonin transporter","volume":"53","author":"Fenollar-Ferrer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5175","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.187872","article-title":"Palmitoylation controls dopamine transporter kinetics, degradation, and protein kinase C-dependent regulation","volume":"286","author":"Foster","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1060645","article-title":"Dendrodendritic inhibition through reversal of dopamine transport","volume":"293","author":"Falkenburger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7040","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0473-08.2008","article-title":"Anomalous dopamine release associated with a human dopamine transporter coding variant","volume":"28","author":"Mazei-Robison","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.02.010","article-title":"How addictive drugs disrupt presynaptic dopamine neurotransmission","volume":"69","author":"Sulzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.331","article-title":"Evidence for a role of transporter-mediated currents in the depletion of brain serotonin induced by serotonin transporter substrates","volume":"39","author":"Baumann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.60.6.1181","article-title":"Amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, and metabolites of the catecholamine neurotransmitters are agonists of a rat trace amine receptor","volume":"60","author":"Bunzow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.117382","article-title":"Trace amine-associated receptor 1 is a modulator of the dopamine transporter","volume":"321","author":"Xie","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.109","article-title":"Brain-specific overexpression of trace amine-associated receptor 1 alters monoaminergic neurotransmission and decreases sensitivity to amphetamine","volume":"37","author":"Revel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2006.00292.x","article-title":"The Trace Amine 1 receptor knockout mouse: an animal model with relevance to schizophrenia","volume":"6","author":"Wolinsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.11.020","article-title":"Psychoactive \u2018bath salts\u2019: not so soothing","volume":"698","author":"Baumann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.312","article-title":"The pharmacology and toxicology of the synthetic cathinone mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone)","volume":"3","author":"Dargan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(02)00234-6","article-title":"Therapeutic and adverse actions of serotonin transporter substrates","volume":"95","author":"Rothman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.204","article-title":"Powerful cocaine-like actions of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), a principal constituent of psychoactive \u2018bath salts\u2019 products","volume":"38","author":"Baumann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.08.021","article-title":"The analytical investigation of synthetic street drugs containing cathinone analogs","volume":"234","author":"Leffler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2013.11.010","article-title":"Aminorex, a metabolite of the cocaine adulterant levamisole, exerts amphetamine like actions at monoamine transporters","volume":"73","author":"Hofmaier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1021\/cn3001763","article-title":"A combined approach using transporter-flux assays and mass spectrometry to examine psychostimulant street drugs of unknown content","volume":"4","author":"Rosenauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7679","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M609720200","article-title":"Concentrative export from the endoplasmic reticulum of the gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 requires binding to SEC24D","volume":"282","author":"Farhan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1478","article-title":"Nonclassical, distinct endocytic signals dictate constitutive and PKC-regulated neurotransmitter transporter internalization","volume":"8","author":"Holton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5330","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.408237","article-title":"Switching the clientele: a lysine residing in the C terminus of the serotonin transporter specifies its preference for the coat protein complex II component SEC24C","volume":"288","author":"Sucic","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1021\/cb4007198","article-title":"Characterization of intracellular regions in the human serotonin transporter for phosphorylation sites","volume":"9","author":"Sorensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8195","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1301-06.2006","article-title":"RNA interference screen reveals an essential role of Nedd4-2 in dopamine transporter ubiquitination and endocytosis","volume":"26","author":"Sorkina","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40442","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M501969200","article-title":"Psychoactive substrates stimulate dopamine transporter phosphorylation and down-regulation by cocaine-sensitive and protein kinase C-dependent mechanisms","volume":"280","author":"Cervinski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6794","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4177-08.2009","article-title":"Visualization of dopamine transporter trafficking in live neurons by use of fluorescent cocaine analogs","volume":"29","author":"Eriksen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.06.014","article-title":"The use of stimulant medications for non-core aspects of ADHD and in other disorders","volume":"87C","author":"Sinita","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113482532","article-title":"Amphetamine, past and present--a pharmacological and clinical perspective","volume":"27","author":"Heal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1038\/456702a","article-title":"Towards responsible use of cognitive-enhancing drugs by the healthy","volume":"456","author":"Greely","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3984.1013","article-title":"Observations on benzedrine","volume":"1","author":"Guttmann","year":"1937","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.112.007054","article-title":"Psychostimulants and cognition: a continuum of behavioral and cognitive activation","volume":"66","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000039","article-title":"Amphetamine increases errors during episodic memory retrieval","volume":"34","author":"Ballard","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."}],"container-title":["Trends in Pharmacological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165614714002120?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165614714002120?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T21:23:35Z","timestamp":1747257815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165614714002120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165614714002120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-6147"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-6147","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Amphetamines, new psychoactive drugs and the monoamine transporter cycle","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}