{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T13:33:25Z","timestamp":1780320805933,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Pharmacological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T04:16:55Z","timestamp":1777349815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Treg-directed cancer immunotherapy beyond immune checkpoints: progress and opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayam","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyad","family":"Elkord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2021.0275","article-title":"Assessment of pembrolizumab therapy for the treatment of microsatellite instability\u2013high gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer among patients in the KEYNOTE-059, KEYNOTE-061, and KEYNOTE-062 clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"Chao","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2407417","article-title":"Final, 10-year outcomes with nivolumab plus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma","volume":"392","author":"Wolchok","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0805-8","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events and anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"7","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.05.003","article-title":"Treg-mediated acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"457","author":"Saleh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02212-7","article-title":"Resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors: updated insights","volume":"24","author":"Alsaafeen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2025.2585521","article-title":"Unmasking cancer\u2019s silent saboteurs: T regulatory cells as therapeutic targets in immunotherapy","volume":"21","author":"Khudeir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2023739118","article-title":"Treg-expressed CTLA-4 depletes CD80\/CD86 by trogocytosis, releasing free PD-L1 on antigen-presenting cells","volume":"118","author":"Tekguc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07984-4","article-title":"TIGIT in cancer: from mechanism of action to promising immunotherapeutic strategies","volume":"16","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1703211","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in cancer: from immunosuppression to therapeutic targeting","volume":"16","author":"Basurto-Olvera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13337","article-title":"CCR8 marks highly suppressive Treg cells within tumours but is dispensable for their accumulation and suppressive function","volume":"163","author":"Whiteside","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0055","article-title":"Tumor-infiltrating human CD4+ regulatory T cells display a distinct TCR repertoire and exhibit tumor and neoantigen reactivity","volume":"4 31","author":"Ahmadzadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01432-2","article-title":"A genome-wide in vivo CRISPR screen identifies essential regulators of T cell migration to the CNS in a multiple sclerosis model","volume":"26","author":"Kendirli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-020-00133-0","article-title":"CD25-Treg-depleting antibodies preserving IL-2 signaling on effector T cells enhance effector activation and antitumor immunity","volume":"1","author":"Solomon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6228","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26352-2","article-title":"Regulatory T cells promote cancer immune-escape through integrin \u03b1v\u03b28-mediated TGF-\u03b2 activation","volume":"12","author":"Lain\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0346-9","article-title":"Adaptive plasticity of IL-10+ and IL-35+ Treg cells cooperatively promotes tumor T cell exhaustion","volume":"20","author":"Sawant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0080","article-title":"(2025) The CD39-CD73-adenosine axis: master regulator of immune evasion and therapeutic target in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"1880","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.05.023","article-title":"The tissue-resident regulatory T cell pool is shaped by transient multi-tissue migration and a conserved residency program","volume":"57","author":"Burton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00583","article-title":"The significance of tumor necrosis factor receptor type II in CD8+ regulatory T cells and CD8+ effector T cells","volume":"9","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01733-x","article-title":"CD39\/CD73\/A2AR pathway and cancer immunotherapy","volume":"22","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01764-w","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 signaling in health, disease and therapeutics","volume":"9","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5542","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13215542","article-title":"CCR4 as a therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Yoshie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0291772","article-title":"Integrated analysis of phase 1a and 1b randomized controlled trials; Treg-targeted cancer immunotherapy with the humanized anti-CCR4 antibody, KW-0761, for advanced solid tumors","volume":"18","author":"Fujikawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08363-w","article-title":"Safety and efficacy profile of mogamulizumab (Poteligeo) in the treatment of cancers: an update evidence from 14 studies","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-010634","article-title":"Phase I study on neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy with mogamulizumab and nivolumab for solid tumors","volume":"13","author":"Jinushi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2023.08.018","article-title":"Bintrafusp alfa versus pembrolizumab in patients with treatment-naive, programmed death-ligand 1\u2013high advanced NSCLC: a randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"18","author":"Cho","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-1631","article-title":"NKTR-214, an engineered cytokine with biased IL2 receptor binding, increased tumor exposure, and marked efficacy in mouse tumor models","volume":"22","author":"Charych","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.5063","volume":"40","author":"Grivas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-1495","article-title":"A first-in-human study and biomarker analysis of NKTR-214, a novel IL2R\u03b2\u03b3-biased cytokine, in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors","volume":"9","author":"Bentebibel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636435","article-title":"Transient expression of FOXP3 in human activated nonregulatory CD4+ T cells","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14069","article-title":"Regulatory T (Treg) cells in cancer: can Treg cells be a new therapeutic target?","volume":"110","author":"Ohue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-023-01036-7","article-title":"Intricacies of TGF-\u03b2 signaling in Treg and Th17 cell biology","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1433989","article-title":"IL-2 based cancer immunotherapies: an evolving paradigm","volume":"15","author":"Rokade","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-073118-011031","article-title":"Engineering IL-2 to give new life to T cell immunotherapy","volume":"72","author":"Overwijk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2012.07.007","article-title":"Application of IL-2 therapy to target T regulatory cell function","volume":"33","author":"Shevach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-101921-045939","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 regulation of T cells","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.122591","article-title":"Integrin \u03b1v\u03b28\u2013expressing tumor cells evade host immunity by regulating TGF-\u03b2 activation in immune cells","volume":"3","author":"Takasaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxac105","article-title":"IL-2-based approaches to Treg enhancement","volume":"211","author":"Harris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-024-00539-x","article-title":"Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in the progression, metastasis, and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: from bench to bedside","volume":"13","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1079490","article-title":"Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3","volume":"299","author":"Hori","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/83784","article-title":"Disruption of a new forkhead\/winged-helix protein, scurfin, results in the fatal lymphoproliferative disorder of the scurfy mouse","volume":"27","author":"Brunkow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3390\/allergies5010006","article-title":"Forkhead box protein P3 in the immune system","volume":"5","author":"Sato","year":"2025","journal-title":"Allergies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2020.07.022","article-title":"FoxP3+ T regulatory cells in cancer: prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets","volume":"490","author":"Saleh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.110124","article-title":"Control of Foxp3 induction and maintenance by sequential histone acetylation and DNA demethylation","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0220","article-title":"The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 on T cells: the new pillar of hematological malignancy","volume":"14","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062512","article-title":"Adenosine generation catalyzed by CD39 and CD73 expressed on regulatory T cells mediates immune suppression","volume":"204","author":"Deaglio","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2012.10.001","article-title":"Crystal structure of the human ecto-5\u2032-nucleotidase (CD73): insights into the regulation of purinergic signaling","volume":"20","author":"Knapp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.86","article-title":"Targeting immunosuppressive adenosine in cancer","volume":"17","author":"Vijayan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-024-01210-x","article-title":"CCL17, CCL22 and their receptor CCR4 in hematologic malignancies","volume":"15","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discov. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17945","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1316796110","article-title":"Anti-CCR4 mAb selectively depletes effector-type FoxP3+CD4+ regulatory T cells, evoking antitumor immune responses in humans","volume":"110","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-000764","article-title":"Tumors establish resistance to immunotherapy by regulating Treg recruitment via CCR4","volume":"8","author":"Marshall","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.01.001","article-title":"CCR8: a promising therapeutic target against tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells","volume":"46","author":"Wen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.10.032","article-title":"Regulatory T cells exhibit distinct features in human breast cancer","volume":"45","author":"Plitas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.10.021","article-title":"Transcriptional landscape of human tissue lymphocytes unveils uniqueness of tumor-infiltrating T regulatory cells","volume":"45","author":"De Simone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.06.013","article-title":"Neoadjuvant PARPi or chemotherapy in ovarian cancer informs targeting effector Treg cells for homologous-recombination-deficient tumors","volume":"187","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1379376","article-title":"Tissue adaptation of CD4 T lymphocytes in homeostasis and cancer","volume":"15","author":"Pereira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5377","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09458-5","article-title":"The impact of CCR8+ regulatory T cells on cytotoxic T cell function in human lung cancer","volume":"12","author":"Haruna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0522-3","article-title":"Therapy with high-dose interleukin-2 (HD IL-2) in metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma following PD1 or PDL1 inhibition","volume":"7","author":"Buchbinder","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458518819098","article-title":"Severe meningo-\/encephalitis after daclizumab therapy for multiple sclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Stork","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjno-2020-000096","article-title":"Bortezomib for anti-NMDAR encephalitis following daclizumab treatment in a patient with multiple sclerosis","volume":"3","author":"Karunaratne","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Neurol. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6205","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024015600","article-title":"Camidanlumab tesirine for relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma: a phase 2 study","volume":"9","author":"Herrera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1158\/2767-9764.CRC-24-0638","article-title":"Safety and antitumor activity of a novel aCD25 Treg depleter RG6292 as a single agent and in combination with atezolizumab in patients with solid tumors","volume":"5","author":"Gambardella","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0310","first-page":"692","article-title":"608 Results of a phase 1 study investigating camidanlumab tesirine as monotherapy and in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with selected advanced solid tumors","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24987-9","article-title":"An engineered IL-2 reprogrammed for anti-tumor therapy using a semi-synthetic organism","volume":"12","author":"Ptacin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4756","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.00172","article-title":"Bempegaldesleukin plus nivolumab in untreated advanced melanoma: the open-label, phase III PIVOT IO 001 trial results","volume":"41","author":"Diab","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-000673","article-title":"ALKS 4230: a novel engineered IL-2 fusion protein with an improved cellular selectivity profile for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Lopes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0330","article-title":"Phase 1 first-in-human dose-escalation study of ANV419 in patients with relapsed\/refractory advanced solid tumors","volume":"11","author":"Markus","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-003155","article-title":"Fine-tuned long-acting interleukin-2 superkine potentiates durable immune responses in mice and non-human primate","volume":"10","author":"Merchant","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2024-CT259","article-title":"Abstract CT259: results from monotherapy dose escalation of MDNA11, a long-acting IL-2 superkine, in a phase 1\/2 trial show evidence of single-agent activity in advanced solid tumors","volume":"84","author":"Atkinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64296-z","article-title":"\u03b1TIGIT-IL2 achieves tumor regression by promoting tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cell fragility in mouse models","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.1.285","article-title":"Inhibition of Rous sarcoma viral RNA translation by a specific oligodeoxyribonucleotide","volume":"75 1","author":"Stephenson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXG.0000000000000323","article-title":"Antisense oligonucleotides: a primer","volume":"5","author":"Scoles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-003892","article-title":"Direct targeting of FOXP3 in Tregs with AZD8701, a novel antisense oligonucleotide to relieve immunosuppression in cancer","volume":"10","author":"Revenko","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.111931","article-title":"Identification of a group of 9-amino-acridines that selectively downregulate regulatory T cell functions through FoxP3","volume":"28","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clicom.2024.10.002","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated RELA and RELC knockout in human regulatory T cells abrogates FOXP3 expression and suppressive function","volume":"6","author":"Sato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2209044119","article-title":"Inhibition of FOXP3 by stapled alpha-helical peptides dampens regulatory T cell function","volume":"119","author":"Hawley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5150","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001114","article-title":"A peptide inhibitor of FOXP3 impairs regulatory T cell activity and improves vaccine efficacy in mice","volume":"185","author":"Casares","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11121892","article-title":"Recurrent or refractory high-grade gliomas treated by convection-enhanced delivery of a TGF\u03b22-targeting RNA therapeutic: a post-hoc analysis with long-term follow-up","volume":"11","author":"Uckun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01053-x","article-title":"Novel therapies emerging in oncology to target the TGF-\u03b2 pathway","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.2507","article-title":"Phase 1 study (DRAGON) of SRK-181 (linavonkibart), a latent TGF\u03b21 inhibitor, combined with pembrolizumab in patients with anti-PD1 resistant advanced solid tumors: updated results of expansion part","volume":"42","author":"Vaishampayan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-2653","article-title":"Phase I trial of M7824 (MSB0011359C), a bifunctional fusion protein targeting PD-L1 and TGF\u03b2, in advanced solid tumors","volume":"24","author":"Strauss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.09.027","article-title":"Anti-PD-L1\/TGF\u03b2R2 (M7824) fusion protein induces immunogenic modulation of human urothelial carcinoma cell lines, rendering them more susceptible to immune-mediated recognition and lysis","volume":"36","author":"Grenga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-023-00500-w","article-title":"Review immune response of targeting CD39 in cancer","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomark. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-006842","article-title":"CD73 and PD-L1 dual blockade amplifies antitumor efficacy of SBRT in murine PDAC models","volume":"11","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5626","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-0545","article-title":"Targeting CD73 enhances the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 mAbs","volume":"19","author":"Allard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-23-0436","article-title":"Neoadjuvant durvalumab alone or combined with novel immuno-oncology agents in resectable lung cancer: the phase II NeoCOAST platform trial","volume":"13","author":"Cascone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-024-03640-6","article-title":"A phase 2 study of AZD4635 in combination with durvalumab or oleclumab in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"73","author":"Falchook","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.18440","article-title":"Durvalumab alone or combined with novel agents for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer: update from the COAST randomized clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4609","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-0499","article-title":"A phase Ib\/II randomized clinical trial of oleclumab with or without durvalumab plus chemotherapy in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"30","author":"Coveler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-018-0360-8","article-title":"Targeting adenosine for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Leone","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3508","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.3508","article-title":"ARC-9: a randomized study to evaluate etrumadenant based treatment combinations in previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)","volume":"42","author":"Wainberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.123.000901","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 in the tumor microenvironment, a convoluted affair mediated by EP receptors 2 and 4","volume":"76","author":"Santiso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07352-w","article-title":"PGE2 inhibits TIL expansion by disrupting IL-2 signalling and mitochondrial function","volume":"629","author":"Morotti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07254-x","article-title":"PGE2 limits effector expansion of tumour-infiltrating stem-like CD8+ T cells","volume":"629","author":"Lacher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53706-3","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2-EP2\/EP4 signaling induces immunosuppression in human cancer by impairing bioenergetics and ribosome biogenesis in immune cells","volume":"15","author":"Punyawatthananukool","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0475","article-title":"1169 OKN4395: a first-in-class highly potent and selective EP2, EP4, and DP1 triple inhibitor for solid cancer treatment alone or in combination with anti-PD1","volume":"13","author":"Maximilien","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12239-x","article-title":"Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study of mogamulizumab with open-label extension study in a minimum number of patients with human T-cell leukemia virus type-1-associated myelopathy","volume":"271","author":"Sato","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000364","article-title":"Increase in activated Treg in TIL in lung cancer and in vitro depletion of Treg by ADCC using an antihuman CCR4 mAb (KM2760)","volume":"10","author":"Kurose","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2024.2379914","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events associated with mogamulizumab: a comprehensive review of the literature","volume":"24","author":"Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Anticancer. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24794","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells that target chemokine receptor CCR4 as a therapeutic modality for T-cell malignancies","volume":"92","author":"Perera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3416","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022008327","article-title":"Identifying highly active anti-CCR4 CAR T cells for the treatment of T-cell lymphoma","volume":"7","author":"Watanabe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0510","article-title":"Neoadjuvant sintilimab plus chemotherapy in EGFR-mutant NSCLC: phase 2 trial interim results (NEOTIDE\/CTONG2104)","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-024-03794-3","article-title":"Preclinical development of a novel CCR8\/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody for cancer treatment by disrupting CTLA-4 signaling on CD8 T cells and specifically depleting tumor-resident Tregs","volume":"73","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5674","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2023-5674","article-title":"Abstract 5674: anti-CCR8-based bispecific antibodies engineered to preferentially eliminate tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells: leaving effectors unharmed","volume":"83","author":"Zhai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2025.2497171","article-title":"TNFR2\/CCR8 bispecific antibody enhances antitumor activity through depleting Ti-Tregs and boosting effector CD8+ T cell function","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adg1487","article-title":"Lung tumor\u2013infiltrating Treg have divergent transcriptional profiles and function linked to checkpoint blockade response","volume":"8","author":"Dykema","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-011-1046-y","article-title":"Prognostic role of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells infiltrating human carcinomas: the paradox of colorectal cancer","volume":"60","author":"Ladoire","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-09710-1","article-title":"Associations of different immune checkpoints-expressing CD4+ Treg\/ T cell subsets with disease-free survival in colorectal cancer patients","volume":"22","author":"Al-Mterin","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2025930118","article-title":"Antitumor efficacy and reduced toxicity using an anti-CD137 Probody therapeutic","volume":"118","author":"Etxeberria","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02357-z","article-title":"Precision nanomedicine: navigating the tumor microenvironment for enhanced cancer immunotherapy and targeted drug delivery","volume":"24","author":"Sabit","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2022.03.011","article-title":"Exploiting protease activation for therapy","volume":"27","author":"Bleuez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-025-02351-7","article-title":"Spatial signatures for predicting immunotherapy outcomes using multi-omics in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"57","author":"Aung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13172769","article-title":"SMAD proteins in TGF-\u03b2 signalling pathway in cancer: regulatory mechanisms and clinical applications","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2024.107256","article-title":"Receptor-activated transcription factors and beyond: multiple modes of Smad2\/3-dependent transmission of TGF-\u03b2 signaling","volume":"300","author":"Miyazawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02202-9","article-title":"Intra-tumoral Sphingobacterium multivorum promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression by suppressing tumor immunosurveillance","volume":"24","author":"Mai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29175-x","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing coupled to TCR profiling of large granular lymphocyte leukemia T cells","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01322-3","article-title":"Metabolic profiles of regulatory T cells and their adaptations to the tumor microenvironment: implications for antitumor immunity","volume":"15","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02343-3","article-title":"Oncolytic viruses: advanced strategies in cancer therapy","volume":"11","author":"Xiao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."}],"container-title":["Trends in Pharmacological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165614726000817?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165614726000817?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T04:17:14Z","timestamp":1777349834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165614726000817"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":117,"alternative-id":["S0165614726000817"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-6147"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-6147","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Treg-directed cancer immunotherapy beyond immune checkpoints: progress and opportunities","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2026.03.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}