{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:35:27Z","timestamp":1790825727528,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]],"date-time":"2009-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicology in Vitro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,31]],"date-time":"2009-01-31T10:22:06Z","timestamp":1233397326000},"page":"574-579","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["In vitro absorption of metal powders through intact and damaged human skin"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Francesca Larese","family":"Filon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"D\u2019Agostin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Crosera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianpiero","family":"Adami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Bovenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Maina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib1","unstructured":"ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists)., 1995. Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs). Cincinnati, USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600741008","article-title":"Methods for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies. V. permeation through damaged skin","volume":"74","author":"Bronaugh","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib3","series-title":"Toxicology and Biological Monitoring of Metals in Humans","author":"Carson","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib4","first-page":"179","article-title":"Systemic uptake of chromium in human volunteers following dermal contact with hexavalent chromium (22 mg\/dL)","volume":"7","author":"Corbett","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib5","first-page":"452","article-title":"Assorbimento percutaneo di polvere di cromo ed effetti della detersione: risultati di una indagine in vitro","volume":"3","author":"D\u2019Agostin","year":"2007","journal-title":"G. Ital. Med. Lav. Erg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2003.10.004","article-title":"Multi-species assessment of electrical resistance as a skin integrity marker for in vivo percutaneous absorption studies","volume":"18","author":"Davies","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. In vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200050313","article-title":"Assignment of skin notation for MAK values and its legal consequences in Germany","volume":"71","author":"Drexler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ep.670170112","article-title":"A practical guide for determining the solubility of metal hydroxides and oxides in water","volume":"17","author":"Dyer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Prog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib9","unstructured":"EDETOX., 2000. Evaluations and Predictions of Dermal Absorption of Toxic Chemicals, EU Framework V: Quality of Life, Environment and Health Key Action Funding (Project Number: QLKA-2000-00196)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib10","unstructured":"EEC, European Committee for Standardization. 1998. European Standard EN 1811:1998 Reference method for release of nickel from products. Central Secretariat, Brussels."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(02)00084-X","article-title":"Rapid assessment of rat and human epidermal membranes for in vitro dermal regulatory testing: correlation of electrical resistance with tritiated water permeability","volume":"16","author":"Fasano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. In vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700170507","article-title":"Dermal absorption potential of industrial chemicals: criteria for skin notation","volume":"17","author":"Fiserova-Bergerova","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib13","first-page":"633","article-title":"On the relevance of in vitro data","volume":"93","author":"Franz","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1986.tb01320.x","article-title":"Permeation of nickel salts through human skin in vitro","volume":"15","author":"Fullerton","year":"1986","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1988.tb02460.x","article-title":"Permeation of nickel through human skin in vitro \u2013 effect of vehicles","volume":"118","author":"Fullerton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb03284.x","article-title":"Permeation of chromium salts through human skin in vitro","volume":"27","author":"Gammelgard","year":"1992","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib17","series-title":"Practical Contact Dermatitis","author":"Guin","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/000155501753279578","article-title":"Human stratum corneum penetration by nickel: in vivo study of depth distribution after occlusive application of the metal as powder","volume":"212","author":"Hostynek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00257-0","article-title":"Factors determining percutaneous metal absorption","volume":"41","author":"Hostynek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-197507000-00009","article-title":"Strontium absorption through damaged and undamaged human skin","volume":"29","author":"Ilyin","year":"1975","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib21","unstructured":"Kogan, V.Y., Petukhova, N.E., 1986. Cobalt. UNEP, Moscow."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200050402","article-title":"Skin absorption in vitro of glycol ethers","volume":"72","author":"Larese Filon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-003-0455-4","article-title":"In vitro percutaneous absorption of cobalt","volume":"77","author":"Larese Filon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000214474.61563.1c","article-title":"Skin absorption of inorganic lead and the effects of skin cleansers","volume":"48","author":"Larese Filon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2007.02.009","article-title":"In vitro percutaneous absorption of metal compounds","volume":"170","author":"Larese Filon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12530184","article-title":"Penetration of chromium in intact human skin in vivo","volume":"72","author":"Liden","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.044003160.x","article-title":"Nickel release from coins","volume":"44","author":"Liden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200050136","article-title":"Urinary cobalt as a measure of exposure in the wet sharpen of hard metal and stellite blades","volume":"69","author":"Linnainmaa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1987.tb05895.x","article-title":"Prevalence of hand eczema in an industrial city","volume":"116","author":"Meding","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4179(95)00111-5","article-title":"Transcutaneous metal absorption following chemical burn injury","volume":"22","author":"Neligan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib31","unstructured":"OECD, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2000. Draft Guidance Document for the Conduct of Skin Absorption Studies. Paris, 2000."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/58.1.1","article-title":"Assessing dermal absorption","volume":"58","author":"Poet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555549142146","article-title":"Chromium\u2013protein interactions","volume":"49","author":"Samitz","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta Derm-Venereol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(76)90108-0","article-title":"Nickel-epidermal interactions: diffusion and binding","volume":"11","author":"Samitz","year":"1976","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(94)90141-4","article-title":"Absorption and excretion of cobalt in the hard metal industry","volume":"150","author":"Scansetti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib36","first-page":"119","article-title":"Absorption and metabolism of radioactive cobalt compounds through normal and wounded skin","volume":"12","author":"Suzuki-Yasumoto","year":"1976","journal-title":"Diag. Treat Inc. Radionuclides Proc. Int. Sem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/000155501753279596","article-title":"In vitro permeation of nickel salts through human stratum corneum","volume":"212","author":"Tanojo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Derm-Venereol. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-005-0226-z","article-title":"In vitro permeation of chromium species through porcine and human skin as determined by capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry","volume":"384","author":"Van Lierde","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib39","first-page":"397","article-title":"Disappearance measurements, a method for studying percutaneous absorption of istotote-labelled compounds emitting gamma-rays","volume":"45","author":"Wahlberg","year":"1965","journal-title":"Acta Derm-Venerol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib40","first-page":"415","article-title":"Percutaneous absorption of sodium chromate (51 Cr), cobaltous (58 Co) and mercuric (203 Hg) chlorides through excised human and guinea pig skin","volume":"45","author":"Wahlberg","year":"1965","journal-title":"Acta Derm-Venereol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1159\/000254027","article-title":"Percutaneous absorption from chromium (51 Cr) solutions of different pH 1.4\u201312.8. An experimental study in the guinea pig","volume":"137","author":"Wahlberg","year":"1968","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00412626","article-title":"Distribution of skin surface pH on the forehead and cheek of adults","volume":"279","author":"Zlotogorski","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."}],"container-title":["Toxicology in Vitro"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887233309000319?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887233309000319?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]],"date-time":"2024-03-09T21:36:41Z","timestamp":1710020201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0887233309000319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0887233309000319"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-2333"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-2333","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}}}