{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T04:39:54Z","timestamp":1790483994977,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004368","name":"Colgate-Palmolive Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004368","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005932","name":"Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005932","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology in Vitro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T02:52:41Z","timestamp":1593744761000},"page":"104929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Human keratinocytes and monocytes co-culture cell system: An important contribution for the study of moderate and weak sensitizers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"Galbiati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambra","family":"Maddalon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Iulini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Marinovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Corsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830271141","article-title":"Dendritic cells differently respond to haptens and irritants by their production of cytokines and expression of co-stimulatory molecules","volume":"27","author":"Aiba","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0604352","article-title":"IL-18 is a key proximal mediator of contact hypersensitivity and allergen-induced Langerhans cell migration in murine epidermis","volume":"83","author":"Antonopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3837","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.6.3837","article-title":"A critical role for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the maturation of human blood-derived dendritic cells induced by lipopolysaccharide, TNF-\u03b1, and contact sensitizers","volume":"166","author":"Arrighi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(02)00060-7","article-title":"Evaluation of CD86 expression and MHC class II molecule internalization in THP-1 human monocyte cells as predictive endpoints for contact sensitizers","volume":"16","author":"Ashikaga","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. in Vitro"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0300-9475.2004.01394.x","article-title":"Role of keratinocytes in antigen presentation and polarization of human T lymphocytes","volume":"59","author":"Banerjee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34431","article-title":"A calculated response: control of inflammation by the innate immune system","volume":"118","author":"Barton","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000003","article-title":"Categorization of Chemicals According to Their Relative Human Skin Sensitizing Potency","volume":"25","author":"Basketter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatitis [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000003","article-title":"Categorization of chemicals according to their relative human skin sensitizing potency","volume":"25","author":"Basketter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-017-2097-4","article-title":"Standardisation of defined approaches for skin sensitisation testing to support regulatory use and international adoption: position of the international cooperation on alternative test methods","volume":"92","author":"Casati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35011","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5082\/5\/3\/035011","article-title":"The development of a 3D immunocompetent model of human skin","volume":"5","author":"Chau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biofabrication."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.04.005","article-title":"Use of IL-18 production in a human keratinocyte cell line to discriminate contact sensitizers from irritants and low molecular weight respiratory allergens","volume":"23","author":"Corsini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. in Vitro"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2012.05.018","article-title":"NCTC 2544 and IL-18 production: a tool for the identification of contact allergens","volume":"27","author":"Corsini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. in Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0065","series-title":"Role of PKC - \u03b2 in chemical allergen - induced CD86 expression and IL - 8 release in THP - 1 cells","first-page":"415","author":"Corsini","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2006.01782.x","article-title":"A three-cell model for activation of na\u00efve T helper cells","volume":"64","author":"Corthay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.113803","article-title":"Activation of human dendritic cells by p-phenylenediamine","volume":"320","author":"Coulter","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00832","article-title":"Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and immune regulation: how do classical and non-classical HLA alleles modulate immune response to human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections?","volume":"8","author":"Crux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02146.x","article-title":"IL-1\u03b2-induced Langerhans\u2019 cell migration and TNF-\u03b1 production in human skin: regulation by lactoferrin","volume":"132","author":"Cumberbatch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(01)00029-7","article-title":"Modulation of phenotype, cytokine production and stimulatory function of CD34+-derived DC by NiCl2 and SDS","volume":"15","author":"De Smedt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicol. in Vitro"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1996.0369","article-title":"The active gene that encodes human high mobility group 1 protein (HMG1) contains introns and maps to chromosome 13","volume":"35","author":"Ferrari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genomics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0100","series-title":"Inflammatory Activity in Skin","author":"Foster","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3109\/1547691X.2010.509848","article-title":"Present and future of in vitro immunotoxicology in drug development","volume":"7","author":"Galbiati","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunotoxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2010.12.011","article-title":"Further development of the NCTC 2544 IL-18 assay to identify in vitro contact allergens","volume":"25","author":"Galbiati","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. in Vitro"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-011-0758-2","article-title":"Isoeugenol destabilizes IL-8 mRNA expression in THP-1 cells through induction of the negative regulator of mRNA stability tristetraprolin","volume":"86","author":"Galbiati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.203","article-title":"Role of ROS and HMGB1 in contact allergen-induced IL-18 production in human keratinocytes","volume":"134","author":"Galbiati","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0125","series-title":"Mechanistic understanding of dendritic cell activation in skin sensitization\u202f: additional evidences to support potency classi fi cation","author":"Galbiati","year":"2020"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1093\/embo-reports\/kvf198","article-title":"The nuclear protein HMGB1 is secreted by monocytes via a non-classical, vesicle-mediated secretory pathway","volume":"3","author":"Gardella","year":"2002","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0135","first-page":"157","article-title":"Compilation of historical local lymph node data for evaluation of skin sensitization alternative methods","volume":"16","author":"Gerberick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatitis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.07.003","article-title":"An epidermal equivalent assay for identification and ranking potency of contact sensitizers","volume":"272","author":"Gibbs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000131410","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"10","author":"Gober","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Autoimmun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2012.13.4.1365","article-title":"HMGB1 promotes the synthesis of pro-il-1\u03b2 and pro-il-18 by activation of p38 MAPK and NF-kB through receptors for advanced glycation end-products in macrophages","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.14573\/altex.1606171","article-title":"Keratinocytes improve prediction of sensitization potential and potency of chemicals with THP-1 cells","volume":"34","author":"Hennen","year":"2017","journal-title":"ALTEX."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfr174","article-title":"Cross talk between keratinocytes and dendritic cells: impact on the prediction of sensitization","volume":"123","author":"Hennen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2009.12.009","article-title":"Pathological roles of MAPK signaling pathways in human diseases","volume":"1802","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. basis Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/59.2.198","article-title":"Skin sensitization testing in potency and risk assessment","volume":"59","author":"Kimber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(03)00223-0","article-title":"Classification of contact allergens according to potency: proposals","volume":"41","author":"Kimber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv148","article-title":"Activation of the endoperoxide ascaridole modulates its sensitizing capacity","volume":"147","author":"Krutz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"7413","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11290","article-title":"Novel role of PKR in inflammasome activation and HMGB1 release","volume":"488","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17787-z","article-title":"Substrate stiffness influences phenotype and function of human antigen-presenting dendritic cells","volume":"7","author":"Mennens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2010.06.001","article-title":"Use of IL-8 release and p38 MAPK activation in THP-1 cells to identify allergens and to assess their potency in vitro","volume":"24","author":"Mitjans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. in Vitro"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2010.06.001","article-title":"Use of IL-8 release and p38 MAPK activation in THP-1 cells to identify allergens and to assess their potency in vitro","volume":"24","author":"Mitjans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. in Vitro"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.148","article-title":"Sensitization via healthy skin programs Th2 responses in individuals with atopic dermatitis","volume":"133","author":"Newell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0215","series-title":"The Adverse Outcome Pathway for Skin Sensitisation Initiated by Covalent Binding to Proteins Part 1: Scientific Evidence. Environment, Health and Safety Publications Series on Testing and Assessment","author":"OECD","year":"2012"},{"issue":"6552","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/378088a0","article-title":"Cloning of a new cytokine that induces IFN-\u03b3 production by T cells","volume":"378","author":"Okamura","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0230","first-page":"5","volume":"5","author":"Rovere-querini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sci. Report."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0235","series-title":"Toxicol Sci","article-title":"Ring trials of dendritic cell surrogate cell lines","author":"Ryan","year":"2006"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2010.05.012","article-title":"Predicting skin sensitization potential and inter-laboratory reproducibility of a human cell line activation test (h-CLAT) in the European cosmetics association (COLIPA) ring trials","volume":"24","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. in Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2019.02.002","article-title":"A coculture system composed of THP-1 cells and 3D reconstructed human epidermis to assess activation of dendritic cells by sensitizing chemicals after topical exposure","volume":"57","author":"Schellenberger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. in Vitro"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01511.x","article-title":"A loose-fit coculture of activated keratinocytes and dendritic cell-related cells for prediction of sensitizing potential","volume":"62","author":"Schreiner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Allergy Eur. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.4.1427","article-title":"Mice deficient in IL-1\u03b2 manifest impaired contact hypersensitivity to trinitrochlorobenzene","volume":"183","author":"Shornick","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0260","first-page":"51","article-title":"Immunology of allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"19","author":"Tonc\u0308i\u0107","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerologica Croat."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.2.2.15480","article-title":"HMGB1 release by inflammasomes","volume":"2","author":"van de Walle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virulence."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3303","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.7.3303","article-title":"Contribution of Langerhans cell-derived IL-18 to contact hypersensitivity","volume":"168","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02144","article-title":"Epithelial MHC class II expression and its role in antigen presentation in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts","volume":"9","author":"Wosen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(03)00006-7","article-title":"Evaluation of the skin sensitization potential of chemicals using expression of co-stimulatory molecules, CD54 and CD86, on the naive THP-1 cell line","volume":"17","author":"Yoshida","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol. in Vitro"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.4562","article-title":"A comparative analysis of metal allergens associated with dental alloy prostheses and the expression of HLA-DR in gingival tissue","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."}],"container-title":["Toxicology in Vitro"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887233320304793?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887233320304793?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:34:06Z","timestamp":1760135646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0887233320304793"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S0887233320304793"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929","relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-2333"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-2333","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Human keratinocytes and monocytes co-culture cell system: An important contribution for the study of moderate and weak sensitizers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology in Vitro","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104929","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104929"}}