{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T21:42:34Z","timestamp":1792446154104,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018853","name":"Prince Charles Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EM2018-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EM2018-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018853","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology in Vitro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]],"date-time":"2021-06-26T06:01:31Z","timestamp":1624687291000},"page":"105204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"special_numbering":"C","title":["E-cigarettes induce toxicity comparable to tobacco cigarettes in airway epithelium from patients with COPD"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Hannah E.","family":"O'Farrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reece","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zac","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Branka","family":"Miljevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoran D.","family":"Ristovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rayleen V.","family":"Bowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwun M.","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalicia","family":"Vaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian A.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0005","author":"81, C. R. M. N"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2011.596862","article-title":"Characterization of mainstream cigarette smoke particle size distributions from commercial cigarettes using a DMS500 fast particulate spectrometer and smoking cycle simulator","volume":"45","author":"Alderman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfw166","article-title":"E-cigarette aerosol exposure induces reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and cell death in vascular endothelial cells","volume":"154","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734137","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/734137","article-title":"The CULTEX RFS: a comprehensive technical approach for the in vitro exposure of airway epithelial cells to the particulate matter at the air-liquid interface","volume":"2013","author":"Aufderheide","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgi173","article-title":"Permeation and reservoir formation of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and benzo[ a ]pyrene (B[ a ]P) across porcine esophageal tissue in the presence of ethanol and menthol","volume":"27","author":"Azzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919832","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/919832","article-title":"Protein oxidative damage at the crossroads of cellular senescence, aging, and age-related diseases","volume":"2012","author":"Baraibar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii36","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051470","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes: human health effects","volume":"23","author":"Callahan-Lyon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tob. Control."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.156448","article-title":"Unbalanced oxidant-induced DNA damage and repair in COPD: a link towards lung cancer","volume":"66","author":"Caramori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2014.04.012","article-title":"Comparative effects between electronic and cigarette smoke in human keratinocytes and epithelial lung cells","volume":"28","author":"Cervellati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. in Vitro"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nty192","article-title":"Formation of flavorant-propylene glycol adducts with novel toxicological properties in chemically unstable e-cigarette liquids","volume":"21","author":"Erythropel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177780","article-title":"Electronic cigarette aerosols suppress cellular antioxidant defenses and induce significant oxidative DNA damage","volume":"12","author":"Ganapathy","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-208039","article-title":"Chronic electronic cigarette exposure in mice induces features of COPD in a nicotine-dependent manner","volume":"71","author":"Garcia-Arcos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1089\/aivt.2016.0030","article-title":"Inflammatory response and barrier dysfunction by different e-cigarette flavoring chemicals identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in e-liquids and e-vapors on human lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts","volume":"3","author":"Gerloff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. In Vitro Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0070","series-title":"Global Strategy For The Diagnosis, Management, And Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseaes (2020 Report)","author":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, I","year":"2020"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.007667","article-title":"E-cigarettes: a scientific review","volume":"129","author":"Grana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2015.09.034","article-title":"Electronic cigarette solutions and resultant aerosol profiles","volume":"1418","author":"Herrington","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ebd.6401143","article-title":"E-cigarette vapour is not inert and exposure can lead to cell damage","volume":"17","author":"Holliday","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evid. Based Dent."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-014-1294-7","article-title":"Chemical hazards present in liquids and vapors of electronic cigarettes","volume":"88","author":"Hutzler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2018-054796","article-title":"Nicotine arms race: JUUL and the high-nicotine product market","volume":"28","author":"Jackler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tob. Control."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0100","first-page":"225","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2009","volume":"59","author":"Jemal","year":"2009","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201204-0596PP","article-title":"Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"187","author":"J\u00f8rgen Vestbo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2018.02.025","article-title":"Mechanisms of toxicity and biomarkers of flavoring and flavor enhancing chemicals in emerging tobacco and non-tobacco products","volume":"288","author":"Kaur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu078","article-title":"Carbonyl compounds in electronic cigarette vapors: effects of nicotine solvent and battery output voltage","volume":"16","author":"Kosmider","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511421200","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and inflammation: cellular and molecular mechanisms","volume":"91","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-017-0249-x","article-title":"Nicotine, aerosol particles, carbonyls and volatile organic compounds in tobacco- and menthol-flavored e-cigarettes","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii81","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-053205","article-title":"Flavourings significantly affect inhalation toxicity of aerosol generated from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)","volume":"25","author":"Leigh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tob. Control."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116732","article-title":"Vapors produced by electronic cigarettes and e-juices with flavorings induce toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells and in mouse lung","volume":"10","author":"Lerner","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9859","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8","article-title":"A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990\u20132010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1021\/tx0340551","article-title":"Inhibition of human liver microsomal (S)-nicotine oxidation by (-)-menthol and analogues","volume":"16","author":"MacDougall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfw198","article-title":"Molecular impact of electronic cigarette aerosol exposure in human bronchial epithelium","volume":"155","author":"Moses","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L566","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00233.2002","article-title":"Pathophysiological roles of interleukin-8\/CXCL8 in pulmonary diseases","volume":"284","author":"Mukaida","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0165","series-title":"Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes","author":"National Academies of Sciences, E. and Medicine","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1617-9625-11-18","article-title":"Menthol-enhanced cytotoxicity of cigarette smoke demonstrated in two bioassay models","volume":"11","author":"Noriyasu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tob. Induc. Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.8b00381","article-title":"High-nicotine electronic cigarette products: toxicity of JUUL fluids and aerosols correlates strongly with nicotine and some flavor chemical concentrations","volume":"32","author":"Omaiye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181c0b200","article-title":"A 3-D well-differentiated model of pediatric bronchial epithelium demonstrates unstimulated morphological differences between asthmatic and nonasthmatic cells","volume":"67","author":"Parker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157337","article-title":"Vapours of US and EU market leader electronic cigarette brands and liquids are cytotoxic for human vascular endothelial cells","volume":"11","author":"Putzhammer","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0215(20010320)95:2<86::AID-IJC1015>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Altered DNA repair capacity and bleomycin sensitivity as risk markers for non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"95","author":"Rajaee-Behbahani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2013.793439","article-title":"Cytotoxicity evaluation of electronic cigarette vapor extract on cultured mammalian fibroblasts (ClearStream-LIFE): comparison with tobacco cigarette smoke extract","volume":"25","author":"Romagna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5667","DOI":"10.1021\/es703075q","article-title":"A novel exposure system for the efficient and controlled deposition of aerosol particles onto cell cultures","volume":"42","author":"Savi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12466","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph121012466","article-title":"Cytotoxic evaluation of e-liquid aerosol using different lung-derived cell models","volume":"12","author":"Scheffler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3915","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120403915","article-title":"Evaluation of E-cigarette liquid vapor and mainstream cigarette smoke after direct exposure of primary human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"12","author":"Scheffler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L175","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00411.2014","article-title":"Endothelial disruptive proinflammatory effects of nicotine and e-cigarette vapor exposures","volume":"309","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-17-0358","article-title":"A review of pulmonary toxicity of electronic cigarettes in the context of smoking: a focus on inflammation","volume":"26","author":"Shields","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prevent."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii88","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-053220","article-title":"Detection of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural in the aerosol of electronic cigarettes","volume":"25","author":"Soussy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tob. Control."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116861","article-title":"Exposure to electronic cigarettes impairs pulmonary anti-bacterial and anti-viral defenses in a mouse model","volume":"10","author":"Sussan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a016295","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016295","article-title":"IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease","volume":"6","author":"Tanaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1080\/15376516.2016.1222473","article-title":"E-cigarette aerosols induce lower oxidative stress in vitro when compared to tobacco smoke","volume":"26","author":"Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Mech. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0250","author":"U.S. Depeartment of Health and Human Services, C. f. D. C. a. P"},{"issue":"316","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0255","article-title":"Removal of organic content from diesel exhaust particles alters cellular responses of primary human bronchial epithelial cells cultured at an air-liquid interface","volume":"5","author":"Vaughan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2019.02.005","article-title":"Primary human bronchial epithelial cell responses to diesel and biodiesel emissions at an air-liquid interface","volume":"57","author":"Vaughan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. in Vitro"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4595","DOI":"10.1021\/es900698a","article-title":"Direct particle-to-cell deposition of coarse ambient particulate matter increases the production of inflammatory mediators from cultured human airway epithelial cells","volume":"43","author":"Volckens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13696","article-title":"Effects of E-cigarette E-liquid components on bronchial epithelial cells: demonstration of dysfunctional efferocytosis","volume":"25","author":"Ween","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.21.1764","article-title":"Repair of tobacco carcinogen-induced DNA adducts and lung cancer risk: a molecular epidemiologic study","volume":"92","author":"Wei","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0280","author":"WHO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0285","first-page":"259","article-title":"Improved patient outcome with smoking cessation: when is it too late?","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.349.65.1","article-title":"Cell cycle checkpoints, DNA damage\/repair, and lung cancer risk","volume":"65","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2015.10.018","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes induce DNA strand breaks and cell death independently of nicotine in cell lines","volume":"52","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii3","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2014-051670","article-title":"Four hundred and sixty brands of e-cigarettes and counting: implications for product regulation","volume":"23","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tob. Control."}],"container-title":["Toxicology in Vitro"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887233321001296?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887233321001296?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:39:26Z","timestamp":1760135966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0887233321001296"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S0887233321001296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204","relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-2333"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-2333","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"E-cigarettes induce toxicity comparable to tobacco cigarettes in airway epithelium from patients with COPD","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology in Vitro","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105204","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105204"}}