{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:42:48Z","timestamp":1790113368401,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000324","name":"Gatsby Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000324","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006662","name":"National Institute on Handicapped Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022244","name":"National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022244","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Frailty & Aging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T04:03:39Z","timestamp":1759550619000},"page":"100073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The interrelationship of frailty, multimorbidity and disability in Parkinson\u2019s disease: PRIME-UK cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2330-8844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Tenison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Ben-Shlomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anahita","family":"Nodehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily J","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9996","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3","article-title":"Parkinson's disease","volume":"386","author":"Kalia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.02.018","article-title":"Parkinson's disease: the non-motor issues","volume":"17","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30299-5","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"16","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"s1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202105","article-title":"Multimorbidity and frailty: tackling complexity in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"10","author":"Tenison","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cky098","article-title":"Defining and measuring multimorbidity: a systematic review of systematic reviews","volume":"29","author":"Johnston","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vi","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.11.019","article-title":"Multimorbidity and comorbidity are now separate MESH headings","volume":"105","author":"Tugwell","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.12.086","article-title":"Frailty and multimorbidity: different ways of thinking about geriatrics","volume":"18","author":"Cesari","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-017-0904-4","article-title":"Co-morbidity and polypharmacy in Parkinson's disease: insights from a large Scottish primary care database","volume":"17","author":"McLean","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.05.013","article-title":"Co-morbidity burden in Parkinson's disease: comparison with controls and its influence on prognosis","volume":"28","author":"Macleod","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-181428","article-title":"Multimorbidity predicts quality of life but not motor severity in early Parkinson's Disease","volume":"8","author":"Gravell","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0011","article-title":"Polypharmacy and medicines optimisation. Making it safe and sound","author":"Duerden MA","year":"2013","journal-title":"The King's Fund"},{"issue":"10206","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31786-6","article-title":"Frailty: implications for clinical practice and public health","volume":"394","author":"Hoogendijk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0013","article-title":"Frailty in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"McMillan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Park Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0014","first-page":"206","article-title":"Frailty in patients with Parkinson's Disease: associations with disability and timed up and go","volume":"58","author":"Ozer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Noro Psikiyatr Ars"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1159\/000492572","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia and frailty in Parkinson's Disease: a cross-sectional study","volume":"65","author":"Peball","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2018.201","article-title":"The Clinical Frailty Scale predicts inpatient mortality in older hospitalised patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease","volume":"48","author":"Torsney","year":"2018","journal-title":"J R Coll Physicians Edinb"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034","article-title":"Sarcopenia: european consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People","volume":"39","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2010","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13550","article-title":"Ageism in studies of rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease","volume":"63","author":"Buckley","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.05.027","article-title":"Age-related selection bias in Parkinson's disease research: are we recruiting the right participants?","volume":"55","author":"Macleod","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-04406-y","article-title":"An under-represented and underserved population in trials: methodological, structural, and systemic barriers to the inclusion of adults lacking capacity to consent","volume":"21","author":"Shepherd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057947","article-title":"Needs of patients with parkinsonism and their caregivers: a protocol for the PRIME-UK cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Tenison","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.15256\/joc.2017.7.122","article-title":"Development of a research tool to document self-reported chronic conditions in primary care","volume":"7","author":"Fortin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Comorb"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23429","article-title":"Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson's disease","volume":"25","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12921","article-title":"Levodopa equivalent dose conversion factors: an updated proposal including Opicapone and safinamide","volume":"7","author":"Schade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2018.1502165","article-title":"Developing consensus among movement disorder specialists on clinical indicators for identification and management of advanced Parkinson's disease: a multi-country Delphi-panel approach","volume":"34","author":"Antonini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006645","article-title":"A Frailty Instrument for primary care for those aged 75 years or more: findings from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, a longitudinal population-based cohort study (SHARE-FI75+)","volume":"4","author":"Romero-Ortuno","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.018","article-title":"SARC-F: a simple questionnaire to rapidly diagnose sarcopenia","volume":"14","author":"Malmstrom","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02260863","article-title":"The development and validation of a short measure of functioning and well being for individuals with Parkinson's disease","volume":"4","author":"Peto","year":"1995","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/25.2.113","article-title":"Assessment of activities of daily living in dementia: development of the Bristol activities of daily living scale","volume":"25","author":"Bucks","year":"1996","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.3.M255","article-title":"Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care","volume":"59","author":"Fried","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0031","series-title":"Finding groups in data: an introduction to cluster analysis","author":"Kaufman","year":"1990"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae108","article-title":"Enhancing recruitment of individuals living with frailty, multimorbidity and cognitive impairment to Parkinson's research: experiences from the PRIME-UK cross-sectional study","volume":"53","author":"Tenison","year":"2024","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu148","article-title":"Prevalence of frailty and disability: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing","volume":"44","author":"Gale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.06.020","article-title":"Altered body composition, sarcopenia, frailty, and their clinico-biological correlates, in Parkinson's disease","volume":"56","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.05.011","article-title":"Reliability and concurrent validity of the SARC-F and its modified versions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Voelker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.07.030","article-title":"Sarcopenia and SARC-F: \u201cperfect is the enemy of good\u201d","volume":"22","author":"Cesari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-015-0355-9","article-title":"Multimorbidity and functional decline in community-dwelling adults: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Ryan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-013-1639-9","article-title":"Prevalence of polypharmacy in a Scottish primary care population","volume":"70","author":"Payne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.15256\/joc.2015.5.51","article-title":"Multimorbidity or polypharmacy: two sides of the same coin?","volume":"5","author":"Sinnott","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Comorb"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac322.054","article-title":"1221 A cross-secitonal study exploring the treatment burden in people with Parkinson's and their caregivers","volume":"52","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-016-0709-0","article-title":"Nutrition, frailty, and sarcopenia","volume":"29","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(92)90005-N","article-title":"Rating chronic medical illness burden in geropsychiatric practice and research: application of the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale","volume":"41","author":"Miller","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu145","article-title":"STOPP\/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: version 2","volume":"44","author":"O'Mahony","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22789","article-title":"Understanding disability in Parkinson's disease","volume":"25","author":"Shulman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21198","article-title":"Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): process, format, and clinimetric testing plan","volume":"22","author":"Goetz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15256\/joc.2012.2.15","article-title":"A scoping review and thematic classification of patient complexity: offering a unifying framework","volume":"2","author":"Schaink","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Comorb"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s13670-018-0254-0","article-title":"Distinguishing comorbidity, disability, and frailty","volume":"7","author":"Espinoza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Geriatr Rep"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Frailty & Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2260134125000647?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2260134125000647?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T15:58:51Z","timestamp":1764863931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2260134125000647"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2260134125000647"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073","relation":{},"ISSN":["2260-1341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2260-1341","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The interrelationship of frailty, multimorbidity and disability in Parkinson\u2019s disease: PRIME-UK cross-sectional study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Frailty & Aging","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100073","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of SERDI Publisher.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100073"}}