{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:00:19Z","timestamp":1792717219746,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000008","name":"Health Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,12]],"date-time":"2023-03-12T18:38:06Z","timestamp":1678646286000},"page":"1534-1543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Population Iron Status in Canada: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2012\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Marcia","family":"Cooper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Bertinato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie K","family":"Ennis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Sadeghpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hope A.","family":"Weiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronique","family":"Dorais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9586","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61235-5","article-title":"Nutritional iron deficiency","volume":"370","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763S","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.130609","article-title":"Why nutritional iron deficiency persists as a worldwide problem","volume":"141","author":"Lynch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e586","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00127-9","article-title":"Sustainable development goals for anaemia: 20 years later, where are we now?","volume":"10","author":"Daru","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health."},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxx036","article-title":"Biomarkers of nutrition for development (BOND)-iron review","volume":"148","author":"Lynch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib5","series-title":"Principles of nutritional assessment","first-page":"908","author":"Gibson","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib6","series-title":"WHO guideline on use of ferritin concentrations to assess iron status in individuals and populations","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29284","article-title":"Adjusting plasma ferritin concentrations to remove the effects of subclinical inflammation in the assessment of iron deficiency: a meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Thurnham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.6.1498","article-title":"Interpretation of serum ferritin concentrations as indicators of total-body iron stores in survey populations: the role of biomarkers for the acute phase response","volume":"84","author":"Beard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.054551","article-title":"Assessment of iron deficiency in the context of the obesity epidemic: importance of correcting serum ferritin concentrations for inflammation","volume":"98","author":"Gartner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.155937","article-title":"Assessment of iron status in settings of inflammation: challenges and potential approaches","volume":"106","author":"Suchdev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib11","first-page":"41","article-title":"Iron sufficiency of Canadians","volume":"23","author":"Cooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2018.12.005","article-title":"Are current serum and plasma ferritin cut-offs for iron deficiency and overload accurate and reflecting iron status? A systematic review","volume":"49","author":"Garcia-Casal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G397","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00348.2013","article-title":"Mechanistic and regulatory aspects of intestinal iron absorption","volume":"307","author":"Gulec","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib14","first-page":"31","article-title":"Canadian Health Measures Survey: sampling strategy overview","volume":"18","author":"Giroux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Rep"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib15","first-page":"37","article-title":"Canadian Health Measures Survey: ethical, legal and social issues","volume":"18","author":"Day","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03405437","article-title":"Canadian health measures survey: brief overview","volume":"98","author":"Tremblay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can. J. Public Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib17","series-title":"Canadian health measures survey: cycle 3 (2012\u20132013) data user guide","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib18","series-title":"C-reactive protein concentrations as a marker of inflammation or infection for interpreting biomarkers of micronutrient status","year":"2014"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141762","article-title":"Adjusting ferritin concentrations for inflammation: biomarkers reflecting inflammation and nutritional determinants of anemia (BRINDA) project","volume":"106","author":"Namaste","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib20","series-title":"Serum ferritin concentrations for the assessment of iron status and iron deficiency in populations","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib21","series-title":"Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib22","series-title":"Panel on Micronutrients, Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12408","article-title":"Serum ferritin thresholds for the diagnosis of iron deficiency in pregnancy: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Daru","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transfus. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib24","series-title":"Instructions for combining multiple cycles of Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) Data","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib25","series-title":"Canadian health measures survey: cycle 4 (2014-2015) data user guide","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib26","series-title":"Canadian health measures survey: cycle 5 (2016\u20132019) data user guide","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib27","series-title":"Canadian health measures survey: cycle 6 (2018-2019) data user guide","year":"2021"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E627","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00084-5","article-title":"National, regional, and global estimates of anaemia\u00a0by\u00a0severity in women and children for 2000\u201319: a pooled\u00a0analysis of population-representative data","volume":"10","author":"Stevens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20051493","article-title":"Impact of menstrual blood loss and diet on iron deficiency among women in the UK","volume":"94","author":"Harvey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665118000460","article-title":"Iron deficiency anaemia: experiences and challenges","volume":"78","author":"Stelle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2022.10.011","article-title":"Iron status and associated factors among Canadian women: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey","volume":"153","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.03.028","article-title":"Re-evaluation of serum ferritin cut-off values for the\u00a0diagnosis of iron deficiency in children aged 12\u201336 months","volume":"188","author":"Abdullah","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.09.051","article-title":"Association between serum ferritin and cognitive function in early childhood","volume":"217","author":"Parkin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pediatr."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e572","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00168-X","article-title":"Physiologically based serum ferritin thresholds for iron deficiency in children and non-pregnant women: a US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) serial cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Mei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3661","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007066","article-title":"Physiologically based serum ferritin thresholds for iron deficiency in women of reproductive age who are blood donors","volume":"6","author":"Addo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2022.01.012","article-title":"Adjusting ferritin concentrations for nonclinical inflammation in adolescents with overweight or obesity","volume":"244","author":"Pompano","year":"2022","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pediatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.243956","article-title":"Serum ferritin <70 \u03bcg\/L predicts functional iron deficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"29","author":"Garg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi J. Kidney Dis. Transpl."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxz008","article-title":"Regression correction equation to adjust serum iron and ferritin concentrations based on C-reactive protein and albumin in patients receiving primary and secondary care","volume":"149","author":"McSorley","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Nutr."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.142273","article-title":"BRINDA Working Group, Methodologic approach for the biomarkers reflecting inflammation and nutritional determinants of anemia (BRINDA) project","volume":"106","author":"Namaste","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxac035","article-title":"Limits of detection in acute-phase protein biomarkers affect inflammation correction of serum ferritin for quantifying iron status among school-age and preschool-age children and reproductive-age women","volume":"152","author":"Gosdin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Nutr."},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.155887","article-title":"Laboratory methodologies for indicators of iron status: strengths, limitations, and analytical challenges","volume":"106","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.5.738","article-title":"Day-to-day variation of transferrin receptor and ferritin in healthy men and women","volume":"64","author":"Cooper","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3359","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-10-3071","article-title":"The quantitative assessment of body iron","volume":"101","author":"Cook","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.27151","article-title":"Assessment of iron deficiency in US preschool children\u00a0and nonpregnant females of childbearing age: national\u00a0Health\u00a0and Nutrition Examination survey 2003\u20132006","volume":"89","author":"Cogswell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.7762\/cnr.2016.5.4.270","article-title":"Associations between lifestyle factors and iron overload in Korean adults","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib46","series-title":"High ferritin and iron\u00a0overload\u2013investigation and management","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/15.6.347","article-title":"Iron deficiency is a public health problem in Canadian infants and children","volume":"15","author":"Hartfield","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paediatr. Child Health."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib48","first-page":"304","article-title":"Iron deficiency and anemia prevalence and associated etiologic risk factors in First Nations and Inuit communities in northern Ontario and Nunavut, Can","volume":"96","author":"Christofides","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03404818","article-title":"Anemia and iron status in Inuit infants from northern Quebec","volume":"91","author":"Willows","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib50","first-page":"135","article-title":"Iron-deficiency anemia in Nunavik: pregnancy and infancy","volume":"57","author":"Hodgins","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Circumpolar Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14090","article-title":"Use and interpretation of hemoglobin concentrations for assessing anaemia status in individuals and populations: results from a WHO technical meeting","volume":"1450","author":"Garcia-Casal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316623354804?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316623354804?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T05:42:39Z","timestamp":1758346959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316623354804"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316623354804"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Population Iron Status in Canada: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2012\u20132019","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}