{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:49:34Z","timestamp":1791668974205,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T11:53:37Z","timestamp":1745841217000},"page":"1970-1977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Relationship of Choline Intake with Biomarkers of Liver Health by Genotype\u2013A Cross-Sectional Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9403-2745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor C","family":"Wallace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra E","family":"Cowan-Pyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin C","family":"Klatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regan L","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/NT.0000000000000302","article-title":"Choline: the underconsumed and underappreciated essential nutrient","volume":"53","author":"Wallace","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(00)00349-X","article-title":"Choline: an essential nutrient for humans","volume":"16","author":"Zeisel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib3","series-title":"Choline. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B(6), Folate, Vitamin B(12), Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.5.7.2010061","article-title":"Choline, an essential nutrient for humans","volume":"5","author":"Zeisel","year":"1991","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.1.163","article-title":"Elevated serum creatine phosphokinase in choline-deficient humans: mechanistic studies in C2C12 mouse myoblasts","volume":"80","author":"da Costa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-5734com","article-title":"Common genetic polymorphisms affect the human requirement for the nutrient choline","volume":"20","author":"da Costa","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16025","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504285102","article-title":"Genetic variation of folate-mediated one-carbon transfer pathway predicts susceptibility to choline deficiency in humans","volume":"102","author":"Kohlmeier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib8","series-title":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"147","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib10","series-title":"Weights Documentation for NHANES Genetic Data Repository","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib11","series-title":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Laboratory Procedures Manual","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib12","series-title":"NHANES 1999\u20132000 Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies, Standard Biochemistry Profile & Hormones (LAB18)","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib13","series-title":"NHANES 2001\u20132002 Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies, Cholesterol - Total & HDL","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib15","series-title":"NHANES 2001-2002 Data, Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies, Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, Cotinine & Nutritional Biochemistries","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303s","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.013011","article-title":"Biomarkers of folate status in NHANES: a roundtable summary","volume":"94","author":"Yetley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib17","first-page":"e1082","article-title":"2018 AHA\/ACC\/AACVPR\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"139","author":"Grundy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9080837","article-title":"Common genetic variants alter metabolism and influence dietary choline requirements","volume":"9","author":"Ganz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.100164","article-title":"The relationship of circulating choline and choline-related metabolite levels with health outcomes: a scoping review of genome-wide association studies and Mendelian randomization studies","volume":"15","author":"Louck","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib20","series-title":"Research Data Center Output Policies and Procedures","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib21","series-title":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey DNA Specimens and Genetic Data Program","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.2.324","article-title":"The US Department of Agriculture automated multiple-pass method reduces bias in the collection of energy intakes","volume":"88","author":"Moshfegh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2594","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.10.2594","article-title":"The USDA automated multiple-pass method accurately estimates group total energy and nutrient intake","volume":"136","author":"Blanton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib24","series-title":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib25","series-title":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2002","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib26","series-title":"USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies, 3.0","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib27","series-title":"USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods: Release Two","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0949-7_6","article-title":"Choline and hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat","volume":"375","author":"Zeisel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36264","article-title":"Functional variants of the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase gene significantly increase susceptibility to prostate cancer: results from an ethnic Han Chinese population","volume":"6","author":"Qu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36330-x","article-title":"Association of MTR gene polymorphisms with the occurrence of non-syndromic congenital heart disease: a case-control study","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1551","article-title":"Homocysteine concentrations in adults with trisomy 21: effect of B vitamins and genetic polymorphisms","volume":"80","author":"Fillon-Emery","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2143\/AC.61.1.2005140","article-title":"Influence of methionine synthase (A2756G) and methionine synthase reductase (A66G) polymorphisms on plasma homocysteine levels and relation to risk of coronary artery disease","volume":"61","author":"Laraqui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol"},{"issue":"Pt C","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(81)71071-1","article-title":"Conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine","volume":"71","author":"Vance","year":"1981","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2009.03.038","article-title":"Homocysteine and lipids: S-adenosyl methionine as a key intermediate","volume":"583","author":"Obeid","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199000403-00010","article-title":"Biochemistry and pharmacology of S-adenosyl-L-methionine and rationale for its use in liver disease","volume":"40","author":"Chawla","year":"1990","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2007.11.075","article-title":"Activation and inhibition of DNA methyltransferases by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine analogues","volume":"16","author":"Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-12-34","article-title":"Betaine supplement alleviates hepatic triglyceride accumulation of apolipoprotein E deficient mice via reducing methylation of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor alpha promotor","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316625002305?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316625002305?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T03:07:42Z","timestamp":1761188862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316625002305"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316625002305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Relationship of Choline Intake with Biomarkers of Liver Health by Genotype\u2013A Cross-Sectional Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}