{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:35:23Z","timestamp":1760056523493,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000063","name":"Office of Dietary Supplements","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T02:41:36Z","timestamp":1746499296000},"page":"2385-2397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hemoglobin During Pregnancy Does Not Mediate the Relationship between Nutrition Supplements and Intrauterine Growth: A Secondary Data Analysis of Women First Preconception Nutrition Trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8996-7995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumera Aziz","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Valeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ka","family":"Kahe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanine M","family":"Genkinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saleem","family":"Jessani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert L","family":"Goldenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie E","family":"Westcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer F","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana L","family":"Garc\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lester","family":"Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shivaprasad S","family":"Goudar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangappa M","family":"Dhaded","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard J","family":"Derman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoinette","family":"Tshefu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrien L","family":"Lokangaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa S","family":"Bauserman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M","family":"McClure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Koso Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy F","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omrana","family":"Pasha Razzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umber","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manjunath","family":"Somannavar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juile M","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa R","family":"Thorsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhik","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey E","family":"Hendricks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70006-8","article-title":"National and regional estimates of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age in 138 low-income and middle-income countries in 2010","volume":"1","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"issue":"9890","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60993-9","article-title":"Mortality risk in preterm and small-for-gestational-age infants in low-income and middle-income countries: a pooled country analysis","volume":"382","author":"Katz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4137\/CMPed.S40070","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction: antenatal and postnatal aspects","volume":"10","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Insights Pediatr."},{"issue":"9608","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61690-0","article-title":"Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences","volume":"371","author":"Black","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy228","article-title":"A multicountry randomized controlled trial of comprehensive maternal nutrition supplementation initiated before conception: the Women First trial","volume":"109","author":"Hambidge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib6","first-page":"310","article-title":"Maternal predictors of intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"16","author":"Cetin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1290.017","article-title":"Endocrine-related causes and consequences of intrauterine growth retardation","volume":"997","author":"Kanaka-gantenbein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"9890","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60937-X","article-title":"Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"382","author":"Black","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib9","first-page":"CD004905","article-title":"Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy","volume":"3","author":"Keats","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020491","article-title":"Vitamin and mineral supplementation during pregnancy on maternal, birth, child health and development outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Oh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib11","first-page":"CD009599","article-title":"Antenatal interventions for preventing stillbirth, fetal loss and perinatal death: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews","volume":"12","author":"Ota","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000389","article-title":"Effects of nutrition interventions during pregnancy on low birth weight: an overview of systematic reviews","volume":"2","author":"da Silva Lopes","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Glob. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218960","article-title":"Preconception nutrition intervention improved birth length and reduced stunting and wasting in newborns in South Asia: the Women First Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"15","author":"Dhaded","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102534","article-title":"Maternal characteristics affect fetal growth response in the women first preconception nutrition trial","volume":"11","author":"Hambidge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437s","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.223479","article-title":"A summary of pathways or mechanisms linking preconception maternal nutrition with birth outcomes","volume":"146","author":"King","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S556","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265090304S410","article-title":"Multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy in developing-country settings: policy and program implications of the results of a meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Shrimpton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Bull."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa070","article-title":"The impact of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions on hemoglobin concentrations and anemia: a meta-review of systematic reviews","volume":"11","author":"Moorthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14093","article-title":"Maternal hemoglobin concentrations across pregnancy and maternal and child health: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"1450","author":"Young","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14112","article-title":"Effects of hemoglobin levels during pregnancy on adverse maternal and infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"1450","author":"Jung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib20","first-page":"125","article-title":"Maternal anemia during pregnancy and infant low birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Rahmati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Reprod. Biomed."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.107896","article-title":"Maternal anemia and risk of adverse birth and health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Rahman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.009","article-title":"Effects of anemia at different stages of gestation on infant outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Menon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab086","article-title":"Gestational weight gain in 4 low- and middle-income countries and associations with birth outcomes: a secondary analysis of the Women First Trial","volume":"114","author":"Bauserman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-111","article-title":"Preconception maternal nutrition: a multi-site randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Hambidge","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02378.x","article-title":"WHO Child Growth Standards based on length\/height, weight and age","volume":"450","author":"WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"9946","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61490-2","article-title":"International standards for fetal growth based on serial ultrasound measurements: the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project","volume":"384","author":"Papageorghiou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12118","article-title":"Accuracy of noninvasive hemoglobin and invasive point-of-care hemoglobin testing compared with a laboratory analyzer","volume":"36","author":"Shah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Lab. Hematol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjinnov-2016-000139","article-title":"Comparison of the NBM 200 non-invasive haemoglobin sensor with Sahli's haemometer among adolescent girls in rural India","volume":"2","author":"Ahankari","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Innov"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031034","article-title":"Mediation analysis allowing for exposure-mediator interactions and causal interpretation: theoretical assumptions and implementation with SAS and SPSS macros","volume":"18","author":"Valeri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.084921","article-title":"Improving women's diet quality preconceptionally and during gestation: effects on birth weight and prevalence of low birth weight--a randomized controlled efficacy trial in India (Mumbai Maternal Nutrition Project)","volume":"100","author":"Potdar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445S","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.223420","article-title":"Neither preconceptional weekly multiple micronutrient nor iron-folic acid supplements affect birth size and gestational age compared with a folic acid supplement alone in rural Vietnamese women: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"146","author":"Ramakrishnan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232197","article-title":"Effect of a nutrient-rich, food-based supplement given to rural Vietnamese mothers prior to and\/or during pregnancy on birth outcomes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Nga","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-2515","article-title":"Myo-inositol, probiotics, and micronutrient supplementation from preconception for glycemia in pregnancy: NiPPeR International Multicenter Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"44","author":"Godfrey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001378","article-title":"CMAverse: a suite of functions for reproducible causal mediation analyses","volume":"32","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000121","article-title":"A unification of mediation and interaction: a 4-way decomposition","volume":"25","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib36","article-title":"Repeat 24-hour recalls and locally developed food composition databases: a feasible method to estimate dietary adequacy in a multi-site preconception maternal nutrition RCT, Food Nutr","volume":"61","author":"Lander","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001269","article-title":"Meta-analysis of total effect decomposition in the presence of multiple mediators: the example of schizophrenia treatment","volume":"32","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib38","series-title":"Flexible Imputation of Missing Data","first-page":"29","article-title":"Multiple imputation","author":"Rubin","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02291-6","article-title":"Role of iron in the reduction of anemia among women of reproductive age in low-middle income countries: insights from systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"5, Part 1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib40","first-page":"741","article-title":"High and low hemoglobin levels during pregnancy: differential risks for preterm birth and small for gestational age","volume":"96","author":"Scanlon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"8488","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91269-9","article-title":"Relation of haemoglobin levels in first and second trimesters to outcome of pregnancy","volume":"327","author":"Murphy","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.1.115","article-title":"Hematological status and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"34","author":"Garn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib43","first-page":"155","article-title":"Maternal hematologic levels and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"5","author":"Garn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3109\/00016348409155506","article-title":"Maternal hemoglobin concentration is closely related to birth weight in normal pregnancies","volume":"63","author":"Sagen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-020-01006-6","article-title":"Hemoglobin concentrations and adverse birth outcomes in South Asian pregnant women: findings from a prospective Maternal and Neonatal Health Registry","volume":"17","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0268","article-title":"U-shaped association between maternal hemoglobin and low birth weight in Rural Bangladesh","volume":"106","author":"Carpenter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156075","article-title":"U-shaped curve for risk associated with maternal hemoglobin, iron status, or iron supplementation","volume":"106","author":"Dewey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16676","article-title":"Association of haemoglobin levels in the first trimester and at 26\u201330 weeks with fetal and neonatal outcomes: a secondary analysis of the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health's ASPIRIN Trial","volume":"128","author":"Jessani","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"2s-2s","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581s","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.581S","article-title":"Biological mechanisms that might underlie iron's effects on fetal growth and preterm birth","volume":"131","author":"Allen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.07.035","article-title":"Divergent trophoblast invasion and apoptosis in placental bed spiral arteries from pregnancies complicated by maternal anemia and early-onset preeclampsia\/intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"194","author":"Kadyrov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"9142","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)02069-8","article-title":"Increased fetoplacental angiogenesis during first trimester in anaemic women","volume":"352","author":"Kadyrov","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.3109\/14767050902926947","article-title":"Maternal hemoglobin concentration and its association with birth weight in newborns of mothers with preeclampsia","volume":"22","author":"Amburgey","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9072245","article-title":"Preeclampsia is a syndrome with a cascade of pathophysiologic events","volume":"9","author":"Gyselaers","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2619-6","article-title":"Plasma volume expansion across healthy pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"19","author":"Aguree","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.155903","article-title":"Emerging understanding and measurement of plasma volume expansion in pregnancy","volume":"106","author":"Vricella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.3109\/00016348609158396","article-title":"Increased 2nd trimester hemoglobin concentration in pregnancies later complicated by hypertension and growth retardation. Early evidence of a reduced plasma volume","volume":"65","author":"Huisman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2008.018","article-title":"Impact of high maternal hemoglobin at first antenatal visit on pregnancy outcomes: a cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Phaloprakarn","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Med."},{"issue":"6978","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6978.489","article-title":"Relation between maternal haemoglobin concentration and birth weight in different ethnic groups","volume":"310","author":"Steer","year":"1995","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.08.039","article-title":"Placental weight in pregnancies with high or low hemoglobin concentrations","volume":"206","author":"Larsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2012.00550.x","article-title":"Pregnancy and iron homeostasis: an update","volume":"71","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"5 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.5.1597S","article-title":"The plausibility of micronutrient deficiencies being a significant contributing factor to the occurrence of pregnancy complications","volume":"133","author":"Keen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa064868","article-title":"Vitamins and perinatal outcomes among HIV-negative women in Tanzania","volume":"356","author":"Fawzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.171181","article-title":"Prenatal lipid-based nutrient supplements increase cord leptin concentration in pregnant women from rural Burkina Faso","volume":"143","author":"Huybregts","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-023-02118-0","article-title":"Sample size and power calculations for causal mediation analysis: a Tutorial and Shiny App","volume":"56","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316625002822?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316625002822?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T11:05:54Z","timestamp":1760007954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316625002822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316625002822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-3166"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hemoglobin During Pregnancy Does Not Mediate the Relationship between Nutrition Supplements and Intrauterine Growth: A Secondary Data Analysis of Women First Preconception Nutrition Trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.036","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}