{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T00:58:18Z","timestamp":1793581098955,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T15:13:59Z","timestamp":1755011639000},"page":"3384-3400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["True Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Human Foods Classified According to Food Type as Determined in the Growing Pig"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1766-464X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne M","family":"Hodgkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natascha","family":"Stroebinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans H","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia S","family":"Fanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikkie","family":"van der Wielen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter H","family":"Hendriks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J","family":"Moughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572116629259","article-title":"Protein quality in the first thousand days of life","volume":"37","author":"Ghosh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1394916","article-title":"Discussion on protein recommendations for supporting muscle and bone health in older adults: a mini review","volume":"11","author":"Groenendijk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.117.248187","article-title":"Amino acid absorption in the large intestine of humans and porcine models","volume":"147","author":"van der Wielen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S247","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512002395","article-title":"Ileal and faecal protein digestibility measurement in humans and other non-ruminants\u2014a comparative species view","volume":"108","author":"Hendriks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib5","series-title":"Dietary protein quality evaluation in human nutrition, Report of an FAO Expert Consultation","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib6","series-title":"Protein quality assessment in follow-up formula for young children and ready to use therapeutic foods","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib7","series-title":"Research approaches and methods for evaluating the protein quality of human foods, Report of a FAO Working Group","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S273","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512002346","article-title":"Animal models for determining amino acid digestibility in humans\u2014a review","volume":"108","author":"Deglaire","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.07.070187.002045","article-title":"The pig as a model for human nutrition","volume":"7","author":"Miller","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib10","first-page":"116","article-title":"The pig as a model animal for human nutrition research","volume":"14","author":"Moughan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc. N. Z."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxac077","article-title":"Comparison of true ileal amino acid digestibility between adult humans and growing pigs","volume":"152","author":"Hodgkinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509991267","article-title":"Ileal digestibility of dietary protein in the growing pig and adult human","volume":"102","author":"Deglaire","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19940108","article-title":"Comparison of the ileal and faecal digestibility of dietary amino acids in adult humans and evaluation of the pig as a model animal for digestion studies in man","volume":"71","author":"Rowan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa210","article-title":"Determination of true ileal amino acid digestibility in the growing pig for calculation of Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS)","volume":"150","author":"Hodgkinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib15","series-title":"Guidelines for checking food composition data prior to the publication of a user table\/database-Version 1.0","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02451-y","article-title":"The ARRIVE Guidelines 2.0: updated guidelines for reporting animal research","volume":"16","author":"Percie du Sert","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.03.013","article-title":"Repeatability of pig true ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients: among and within laboratories","volume":"155","author":"Hodgkinson","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib18","volume":"2","author":"Cunniff","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-8401(95)00916-7","article-title":"Determination of titanium dioxide added as an inert marker in chicken digestibility studies","volume":"59","author":"Short","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1017\/S002185960001546X","article-title":"The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry","volume":"59","author":"Williams","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib21","series-title":"Feed Evaluation Science","first-page":"21","article-title":"Principles of chemical analysis","author":"Rutherfurd","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib22","series-title":"Modern Methods in Protein Nutrition and Metabolism","first-page":"87","article-title":"Novel methods for determining protein and amino acid digestibilities in feedstuffs","author":"Sauer","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1021\/jf950032j","article-title":"A new method for determining digestible reactive lysine in foods","volume":"44","author":"Moughan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa274","article-title":"Very low ileal nitrogen and amino acid digestibility of zein compared to whey protein isolate in healthy volunteers","volume":"113","author":"Calvez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.3.404","article-title":"An acute ileal amino acid digestibility assay is a valid procedure for use in human ileostomates","volume":"135","author":"Moughan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1407604","article-title":"Protein and amino acid digestibility: definitions and conventional oro-ileal determination in humans","volume":"11","author":"Hodgkinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-018-0119-1","article-title":"INFOGEST static in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal food digestion","volume":"14","author":"Brodkorb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz159","article-title":"True ileal digestibility of legumes determined by dual-isotope tracer method in Indian adults","volume":"110","author":"Kashyap","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.12.039","article-title":"Values for the digestibility of pea protein isolate or casein amino acids determined using the dual isotope method are not similar to those derived with the standard ileal balance method in healthy volunteers","volume":"154","author":"Guillin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa086","article-title":"Bioavailable methionine assessed using the indicator amino acid oxidation method is greater when cooked chickpeas and steamed rice are combined in healthy young men","volume":"150","author":"Rafii","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422407739124","article-title":"Development of a novel bioassay for determining the available lysine contents of foods and feedstuffs","volume":"30","author":"Rutherfurd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-052720-104513","article-title":"Chemical stability of proteins in foods: oxidation and the Maillard reaction","volume":"13","author":"Poojary","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0010(200003)80:4<502::AID-JSFA557>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Changes in available methionine and tryptophan contents during cereal flake production","volume":"80","author":"Horvati\u0107","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9864","article-title":"Analysis of published data for standardized ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids in soy proteins fed to pigs","volume":"94","author":"Pedersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114513004273","article-title":"Digestible indispensable amino acid score and digestible amino acids in eight cereal grains","volume":"111","author":"Cervantes-Pahm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib36","article-title":"A review on anti-nutritional factors: unraveling the natural gateways to human health","volume":"10","author":"Salim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib37","first-page":"2472","article-title":"An overview of anti-nutritional factors in food","volume":"7","author":"Thakur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Chem. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14050947","article-title":"Protein quality in perspective: a review of protein quality metrics and their applications","volume":"14","author":"Adhikari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520000641","article-title":"Most meat products have digestible indispensable amino acid scores that are greater than 100, but processing may increase or reduce protein quality","volume":"124","author":"Bailey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3831","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123831","article-title":"Digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) of six cooked Chinese pulses","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316625004821?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316625004821?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]],"date-time":"2025-11-16T23:43:05Z","timestamp":1763336585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316625004821"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316625004821"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"True Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Human Foods Classified According to Food Type as Determined in the Growing Pig","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}