{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T16:22:06Z","timestamp":1772900526055,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001852","name":"Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001852","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022077","name":"Institut National de Recherche pour l&apos;Agriculture, l&apos;Alimentation et l&apos;Environnement","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006488","name":"Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T23:19:12Z","timestamp":1755040752000},"page":"3442-3454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protein or Indispensable Amino Acid Supplementation After Deficiency Partially Restored Growth and Did Not Induce Higher Adiposity in Growing Rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"155","author":[{"given":"Ga\u00ebtan","family":"Roisn\u00e9-Hamelin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Cansell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Chaumontet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarita","family":"Devi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Tom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anura","family":"Kurpad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick C","family":"Even","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Blais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Piedcoq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Gaudichon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8397-9143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalila","family":"Azzout-Marniche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512002577","article-title":"Assessment of protein adequacy in developing countries: quality matters","volume":"108","author":"Ghosh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S192","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.61.S192","article-title":"Role of protein and amino acids in infant and young child nutrition: protein and amino acid needs and relationship with child growth","volume":"61","author":"Uauy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.83.8.1130","article-title":"Epidemiologic evidence for a potentiating effect of malnutrition on child mortality","volume":"83","author":"Pelletier","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064636","article-title":"Associations of suboptimal growth with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in children under five years: a pooled analysis of ten prospective studies","volume":"8","author":"Olofin","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2011.00349.x","article-title":"Long-term consequences of stunting in early life, Matern","volume":"7","author":"Dewey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-4-31","article-title":"Cognitive development in children with chronic protein energy malnutrition","volume":"4","author":"Kar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60032-4","article-title":"Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries","volume":"369","author":"Grantham-McGregor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab136","article-title":"Dietary intake of sulfur amino acids and risk of kwashiorkor malnutrition in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"114","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28834","article-title":"Effect of lysine supplementation on health and morbidity in subjects belonging to poor peri-urban households in Accra, Ghana","volume":"92","author":"Ghosh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib10","article-title":"Protein intakes of pregnant women and children in India\u2014protein quality implications, Matern","volume":"16","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Nutr."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib11","first-page":"S45","article-title":"Reversibility of stunting: epidemiological findings in children from developing countries","volume":"48","author":"Martorell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012","article-title":"Early childhood diarrhea and cardiometabolic risk factors in adulthood: the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama Nutritional Supplementation Longitudinal Study","volume":"23","author":"DeBoer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0911","article-title":"Adult metabolic syndrome and impaired glucose tolerance are associated with different patterns of BMI gain during infancy: data from the New Delhi Birth Cohort","volume":"31","author":"Fall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2012.00543.x","article-title":"Early childhood growth failure and the developmental origins of adult disease: do enteric infections and malnutrition increase risk for the metabolic syndrome?","volume":"70","author":"DeBoer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(02)00689-6","article-title":"Fetal programming of coronary heart disease","volume":"13","author":"Barker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61692-4","article-title":"Maternal and Child Undernutrition Study Group, Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital","volume":"371","author":"Victora","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91274-4","article-title":"Severe protein deficiency induces hepatic expression and systemic level of FGF21 but inhibits its hypothalamic expression in growing rats","volume":"11","author":"Moro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010197","article-title":"Lysine or threonine deficiency decreases body weight gain in growing rats despite an increase in food intake without increasing energy expenditure in response to FGF21","volume":"15","author":"Moro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1159\/000487603","article-title":"A novel concept of amino acid supplementation to improve the growth of young malnourished male Rats","volume":"72","author":"Furuta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234559","article-title":"Comparison of cricket diet with peanut-based and milk-based diets in the recovery from protein malnutrition in mice and the impact on growth, metabolism and immune function","volume":"15","author":"Bergmans","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102481","article-title":"Alternative protein and iron sources from edible insects but not Solanum torvum improved body composition and iron status in malnourished rats","volume":"11","author":"Agbemafle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib22","article-title":"Eggs in early complementary feeding and child growth: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"140","author":"Lannotti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2984728","article-title":"Effect of eel biscuit supplementation on height of children with stunting aged 36\u201360 months: a pilot study","volume":"2020","author":"Herawati","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/125.suppl_4.1027S","article-title":"History and design of the INCAP longitudinal study (1969-77) and its follow-up (1988-89)","volume":"125","author":"Martorell","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/125.suppl_4.1051S","article-title":"Age differences in the impact of nutritional supplementation on growth","volume":"125","author":"Schroeder","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/125.suppl_4.1111S","article-title":"Nutrition in early life and the fulfillment of intellectual potential","volume":"125","author":"Pollitt","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib27","series-title":"Nutrient requirements of laboratory animals","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R459","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00137.2012","article-title":"Indirect calorimetry in laboratory mice and rats: principles, practical considerations, interpretation and perspectives","volume":"303","author":"Even","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7634(94)90056-6","article-title":"Practical aspects of indirect calorimetry in laboratory animals","volume":"18","author":"Even","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(91)90252-J","article-title":"Utilisation of the method of Kalman filtering for performing the on-line computation of background metabolism in the free-moving, free-feeding rat","volume":"49","author":"Even","year":"1991","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1949.sp004363","article-title":"New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism","volume":"109","author":"de Weir","year":"1949","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29885","article-title":"Specific metabolic rates of major organs and tissues across adulthood: evaluation by mechanistic model of resting energy expenditure","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00301","article-title":"Body size, spontaneous activity and thermogenesis effects on energy expenditure: an introduction to a topic on energy metabolism","volume":"4","author":"Even","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00064","article-title":"Detection of thermogenesis in rodents in response to anti-obesity drugs and genetic modification","volume":"4","author":"Arch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803280","article-title":"Some mathematical and technical issues in the measurement and interpretation of open-circuit indirect calorimetry in small animals","volume":"30","author":"Arch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes (Lond)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900088","article-title":"Low-protein diets with fixed carbohydrate content promote hyperphagia and sympathetically mediated increase in energy expenditure","volume":"63","author":"Zapata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/109.7.1313","article-title":"Lysine deficiency and voluntary exercise in the albino rat","volume":"109","author":"Bolton","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1170","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00763.2009","article-title":"Voluntary wheel running is beneficial to the amino acid profile of lysine-deficient Rats","volume":"298","author":"Nagao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/108.8.1336","article-title":"Effect of low lysine diet on rat liver nuclear metabolism","volume":"108","author":"Canfield","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/116.6.969","article-title":"Response of rats to diets of equal chemical score: effect of lysine or threonine as the limiting amino acid and of an amino acid excess","volume":"116","author":"Cieslak","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.2.269","article-title":"Low methionine ingestion by rats extends life span","volume":"123","author":"Orentreich","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12238","article-title":"Methionine restriction restores a younger metabolic phenotype in adult mice with alterations in fibroblast growth factor 21","volume":"13","author":"Lees","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2019.03.012","article-title":"Protein status modulates the rewarding value of foods and meals to maintain an adequate protein intake","volume":"206","author":"Tom\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy060","article-title":"The protein status of rats affects the rewarding value of meals due to their protein content","volume":"148","author":"Chaumontet","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2894","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16568-z","article-title":"Restriction of essential amino acids dictates the systemic metabolic response to dietary protein dilution","volume":"11","author":"Yap","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.7.2331","article-title":"Rats rapidly reject diets deficient in essential amino acids","volume":"133","author":"Koehnle","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.4.765","article-title":"Threonine utilization is high in the intestine of piglets","volume":"135","author":"Schaart","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.3.486","article-title":"Dietary threonine restriction specifically reduces intestinal mucin synthesis in rats","volume":"135","author":"Faure","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25145","article-title":"Low protein diets produce divergent effects on energy balance","volume":"6","author":"Pezeshki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nux027","article-title":"Effects of protein or amino-acid supplementation on the physical growth of young children in low-income countries","volume":"75","author":"Arsenault","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib51","series-title":"Protein quality assessment in follow-up formula for young children and ready to use therapeutic foods: report of the FAO Expert Working Group","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/119.10.1465","article-title":"The determination of nutritional requirements in rats: mathematical modeling of sigmoidal, inhibited nutrient-response curves","volume":"119","author":"Mercer","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/115.3.382","article-title":"Adaptation of rats to diets containing different levels of protein: effects on food intake, plasma and brain amino acid concentrations and brain neurotransmitter metabolism","volume":"115","author":"Peters","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.06.039","article-title":"Pipecolate and taurine are rat urinary biomarkers for lysine and threonine deficiencies","volume":"153","author":"Moro","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.23.1_supplement.227.5","article-title":"Anti-obesity effects of amino acid in high-fat diet induced obese mice","volume":"23","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M033415","article-title":"FGF21 mediates the lipid metabolism response to amino acid starvation","volume":"54","author":"De Sousa-Coelho","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2018.06.002","article-title":"Homeostatic sensing of dietary protein restriction: a case for FGF21","volume":"51","author":"Hill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.05.022","article-title":"FGF21 signals protein status to the brain and adaptively regulates food choice and metabolism","volume":"27","author":"Hill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E621","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00246.2021","article-title":"Protein-carbohydrate interaction effects on energy balance, FGF21, IGF-1, and hypothalamic gene expression in rats","volume":"321","author":"Gehring","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20111748","article-title":"Activating transcription factor 4-dependent induction of FGF21 during amino acid deprivation","volume":"443","author":"De Sousa-Coelho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1015","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00022.2019","article-title":"Liver GCN2 controls hepatic FGF21 secretion and modulates whole body postprandial oxidation profile under a low-protein diet","volume":"317","author":"Chalvon-Demersay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.09.001","article-title":"Defining the nutritional and metabolic context of FGF21 using the geometric framework","volume":"24","author":"Solon-Biet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxab056","article-title":"Rats self-select a constant protein-to-carbohydrate ratio rather than a constant protein-to-energy ratio and have low plasma FGF21 concentrations","volume":"151","author":"Gehring","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E154","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00204.2021","article-title":"Plasma FGF21 concentrations and spontaneous self-selection of protein suggest that 15% protein in the diet may not be enough for male adult rats","volume":"322","author":"Gehring","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-022-00694-0","article-title":"Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into nutritional and metabolic relevance in health and diseases","volume":"19","author":"Machado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab (Lond)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.07.070187.002045","article-title":"The pig as a model for human nutrition","volume":"7","author":"Miller","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.2.391","article-title":"Animal models in nutrition research","volume":"138","author":"Baker","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib68","first-page":"11","article-title":"Comparative anatomy and physiology of the pig","volume":"25","author":"Swindle","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand. J. Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)85527-2","article-title":"Age and chemical development in mammals","volume":"57","author":"Moulton","year":"1923","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/011542659200700137","article-title":"Animal models in human nutrition research","volume":"7","author":"Gallaher","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nutr. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.11.2499","article-title":"Comparative aspects of lipid metabolism: Impact on contemporary research and use of animal models","volume":"135","author":"Bergen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nutr."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316625004869?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316625004869?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T22:02:16Z","timestamp":1772834536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316625004869"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316625004869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Protein or Indispensable Amino Acid Supplementation After Deficiency Partially Restored Growth and Did Not Induce Higher Adiposity in Growing Rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}