{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T17:48:09Z","timestamp":1772905689285,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32272889"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32272889"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T14:57:59Z","timestamp":1755961079000},"page":"3791-3808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age-Dependent Amino Acid Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"155","author":[{"given":"Caiyun","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xutong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sishen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xplc.2023.100716","article-title":"Challenges facing sustainable protein production: opportunities for cereals","volume":"4","author":"Safdar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-009-0269-0","article-title":"Amino acids: metabolism, functions, and nutrition","volume":"37","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19040954","article-title":"Branched chain amino acids: beyond nutrition metabolism","volume":"19","author":"Nie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-021-00662-3","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary fat effects on reproductive performance of sows and growth performance of piglets","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.2527\/2002.80112911x","article-title":"Nitrogen metabolism and growth performance of gilts fed standard corn-soybean meal diets or low-crude protein, amino acid-supplemented diets","volume":"80","author":"Figueroa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2021.11.007","article-title":"Determination of the available energy, standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of fermented corn germ meal replacing soybean meal in growing pig diets","volume":"90","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3804","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky237","article-title":"Pyruvate is an effective substitute for glutamate in regulating porcine nitrogen excretion","volume":"96","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.9.1517","article-title":"Dietary amino acids are the preferential source of hepatic protein synthesis in piglets","volume":"128","author":"Stoll","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11620","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200371497","article-title":"Adaptive regulation of intestinal lysine metabolism","volume":"97","author":"Van Goudoever","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10753","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-20055","article-title":"Dietary fatty acid and starch content and supplemental lysine supply affect energy and nitrogen utilization in lactating Jersey cows","volume":"104","author":"Morris","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib11","first-page":"6330","article-title":"Age-dependent remodeling of gut microbiome and host serum metabolome in mice","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging(Albany NY)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-018-0271-1","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acids in health and disease: metabolism, alterations in blood plasma, and as supplements","volume":"15","author":"Hole\u010dek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. (Lond)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.10.024","article-title":"mTOR and S6K1 mediate assembly of the translation preinitiation complex through dynamic protein interchange and ordered phosphorylation events","volume":"123","author":"Holz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0199-y","article-title":"mTOR at the nexus of nutrition, growth, ageing and disease","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib15","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of swine","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib16","series-title":"Official methods of analysis","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib17","series-title":"Determination of calcium in feeds (GB\/T 6436-2018)","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib18","series-title":"Determination of phosphorus in feeds\u2014Spectrophotometry (GB\/T 6437-2018)","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib19","series-title":"Tables of Feed Composition and Nutritive Values in China (GB\/T 6435-2018)","year":"2018"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13061093","article-title":"Effects of different combinations of sodium butyrate, medium-chain fatty acids and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the reproductive performance of sows and biochemical parameters, oxidative status and intestinal health of their offspring","volume":"13","author":"You","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.06.015","article-title":"Structural and functional hepatocyte polarity and liver disease","volume":"63","author":"Gissen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2838","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017040421","article-title":"Structural and functional changes in human kidneys with healthy aging","volume":"28","author":"Hommos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"09","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib23","first-page":"110","article-title":"Effect of rations protein levels on growth performance and development, slaughter performance and organ indexes of Liaoxi donkeys","volume":"44","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Feed Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.17533\/udea.rccp.324900","article-title":"Effect of microencapsulated blends of organic acids and essential oils supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs","volume":"27","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Pecu."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/119.6.879","article-title":"Effects of dietary fiber and protein concentration on growth, feed efficiency, visceral organ weights and large intestine microbial populations of swine","volume":"119","author":"Anugwa","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib26","first-page":"170","article-title":"The effect of dietary protein supply on carcass composition, size of organs, muscle properties and meat quality of pigs","volume":"107","author":"Ruusunen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3809","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz217","article-title":"A comparison of the anatomical and gastrointestinal functional development between gilt and sow progeny around birth and weaning1","volume":"97","author":"Craig","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1986.624968x","article-title":"Growth, development and body composition in three genetic stocks of swine","volume":"62","author":"Tess","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(00)00157-3","article-title":"Dietary influence on organ size and in vitro oxygen consumption by visceral organs of growing pigs","volume":"65","author":"Nyachoti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-012-9546-2","article-title":"Ammonia toxicity to the brain","volume":"36","author":"Braissant","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-008-9112-7","article-title":"Identifying the direct effects of ammonia on the brain","volume":"24","author":"Bosoi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2920241","article-title":"Regulation of urea and citrulline synthesis under physiological conditions","volume":"292","author":"Beliveau Carey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31115","article-title":"Indole alleviates diet-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in a manner involving myeloid cell 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase\/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3","volume":"72","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113304","article-title":"Evaluation of potential cardiotoxicity of ammonia: l-selenomethionine inhibits ammonia-induced cardiac autophagy by activating the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"233","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13230","article-title":"Effects of low-protein diet supplementation with alpha-ketoglutarate on growth performance, nitrogen metabolism and mTOR signalling pathway of skeletal muscle in piglets","volume":"104","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl)."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i3.711","article-title":"Liver enzymes, metabolomics and genome-wide association studies: from systems biology to the personalized medicine","volume":"21","author":"Sookoian","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib37","first-page":"1277","article-title":"The addition of protein-bound amino acids in low-protein diets improves the metabolic and immunological characteristics in fifteen- to thirty-five-kg pigs","volume":"95","author":"Che","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.2527\/1999.7751277x","article-title":"Tissue distribution of a peptide transporter mRNA in sheep, dairy cows, pigs, and chickens","volume":"77","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G697","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.281.3.G697","article-title":"Intestinal peptide transport: ex vivo uptake studies and localization of peptide carrier PEPT1","volume":"281","author":"Groneberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.3182","article-title":"Segmental distribution and expression of two heterodimeric amino acid transporter mRNAs in the intestine of pigs during different ages","volume":"88","author":"Feng","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R241","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.280.1.R241","article-title":"Intestinal apical amino acid absorption during development of the pig","volume":"280","author":"Buddington","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E592","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90645.2008","article-title":"Amino acid regulation of TOR complex 1","volume":"296","author":"Avruch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.04.068","article-title":"The amino acid sensitive TOR pathway from yeast to mammals","volume":"580","author":"Dann","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1159\/000339981","article-title":"Obesity, whole blood serotonin and sex differences in healthy volunteers","volume":"5","author":"Hodge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obes. Facts."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2011.01.003","article-title":"A review of the factors influencing the development of intermuscular adipose tissue in the growing pig","volume":"88","author":"Kouba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Meat Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.003","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulation of tryptophan metabolism in health and disease","volume":"23","author":"Agus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.2527\/2005.8361303x","article-title":"The tryptophan requirement of growing and finishing barrows","volume":"83","author":"Guzik","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib52","article-title":"\u03b3-Aminobutyric acid in adult brain: an update","volume":"376","author":"Siucinska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.567650","article-title":"Pathophysiologic role of neurotransmitters in digestive diseases","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2022.02.001","article-title":"Gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alleviates hepatic inflammation via GABA receptors\/TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathways in growing-finishing pigs generated by super-multiparous sows","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123596","article-title":"High concentrations of atmospheric ammonia induce alterations in the hepatic proteome of broilers (gallus gallus): an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-021-02586-8","article-title":"Evaluation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production by Lactobacillus plantarum using two-step fermentation","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05344.x","article-title":"\u03b3-Aminobutyric acid production by culturable bacteria from the human intestine","volume":"113","author":"Barrett","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2678","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24152678","article-title":"An updated review on pharmaceutical properties of gamma-aminobutyric acid","volume":"24","author":"Ngo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12490","article-title":"Influence of medium-chain fatty acids and short-chain organic acids on jejunal morphology and intra-epithelial immune cells in weaned piglets","volume":"101","author":"Ferrara","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib61","first-page":"101","article-title":"Analysis of intestinal microflora characteristics at different developmental stages of pigs, Chin","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.05.021","article-title":"Longitudinal investigation of the age-related bacterial diversity in the feces of commercial pigs","volume":"153","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.11.005","article-title":"Intestinal luminal nitrogen metabolism: role of the gut microbiota and consequences for the host","volume":"68","author":"Davila","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"5717","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104816","article-title":"Host-bacterial mutualism in the human intestine","volume":"307","author":"B\u00e4ckhed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.03.014","article-title":"The pig gut microbial diversity: understanding the pig gut microbial ecology through the next generation high throughput sequencing","volume":"177","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2009.05.011","article-title":"Nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and fecal microbiota are influenced by chitooligosaccharide supplementation of growing pigs","volume":"125","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7387","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO01781J","article-title":"Integrated metabolomic and proteomics profiling reveals the promotion of Lactobacillus reuteri LR1 on amino acid metabolism in the gut-liver axis of weaned pigs","volume":"10","author":"Yi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5603451","article-title":"Different intestinal microbiota with growth stages of three-breed hybrid pig","volume":"2022","author":"Long","year":"2022","journal-title":"biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9938","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09938","article-title":"Dynamic distribution of the gut microbiota and the relationship with apparent crude fiber digestibility and growth stages in pigs","volume":"5","author":"Niu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0176-9","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with Chinese herbal powder enhances ileal digestibilities and serum concentrations of amino acids in young pigs","volume":"37","author":"Kong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3019","article-title":"Key bacterial families (Clostridiaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Bacteroidaceae) are related to the digestion of protein and energy in dogs","volume":"5","author":"Bermingham","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05470-4","article-title":"Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Roager","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316625005218?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316625005218?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T01:49:50Z","timestamp":1772848190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316625005218"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316625005218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Age-Dependent Amino Acid Metabolism","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.08.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}