{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T14:58:36Z","timestamp":1789311516090,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:06:31Z","timestamp":1761782791000},"page":"4455-4464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Variation in Micronutrient Intake and Adequacy by Race, Ethnicity, and Poverty-to-Income Ratio in United States Children and Adults: A Descriptive Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9470-2569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila","family":"Weschenfelder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan N","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harris R","family":"Lieberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire E","family":"Berryman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3201-8497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen R","family":"Hennigar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib1","series-title":"Dietary Guidelines for Americans","year":"2020"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15081980","article-title":"Trends in diet quality and increasing inadequacies of micronutrients vitamin C, vitamin B12, iron, and potassium in US type 2 diabetic adults","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2024.02.007","article-title":"Temporal changes in micronutrient intake among United States adults, NHANES 2003 through 2018: A cross-sectional study","volume":"119","author":"Freedman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9121295","article-title":"Contribution of dietary supplements to nutritional adequacy in race\/ethnic population subgroups in the United States","volume":"9","author":"Blumberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051005","article-title":"Race\/ethnicity, enrichment\/fortification, and dietary supplementation in the U.S. population, NHANES 2009\u20132012","volume":"11","author":"Malek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2016.11.008","article-title":"Total usual intake of shortfall nutrients varies with poverty among US adults","volume":"49","author":"Bailey","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Educ. Behav."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11122846","article-title":"Comparison of dietary micronutrient intakes by body weight status among Mexican-American and non-Hispanic black women aged 19\u201339 years: an analysis of NHANES 2003\u20132014","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib8","article-title":"Ethnic disparities among food sources of energy and nutrients of public health concern and nutrients to limit in adults in the United States: NHANES 2003-2006","volume":"58","author":"O\u2019Neil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-024-00950-4","article-title":"National trends in nine key minerals intake (quantity and source) among U.S. adults, 1999 to March 2020","volume":"23","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib10","series-title":"Scientific Report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab113","article-title":"Association of food insecurity with dietary intakes and nutritional biomarkers among US children, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016","volume":"114","author":"Jun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.12.030","article-title":"Differences in intakes of select nutrients by urbanization level in the United States population 2 years and older, NHANES 2013-2018","volume":"154","author":"Wambogo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa459","article-title":"A proposed framework for identifying nutrients and food components of public health relevance in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans","volume":"151","author":"Bailey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235042","article-title":"Inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake and osteoporosis risk in older Americans living in poverty with food insecurities","volume":"15","author":"Marshall","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib15","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, dietary data \u2013 continuous NHANES, 2025 Available from https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/search\/datapage.aspx?Component=Dietary."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib16","article-title":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; 2017-March 2020. Data Documentation","year":"2022","journal-title":"Codebook, and Frequencies: Dietary Supplement Use 30-Day \u2013 Total Dietary Supplements"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.07.003","article-title":"A new statistical method for estimating the usual intake of episodically consumed foods with application to their distribution","volume":"106","author":"Tooze","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet Assoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy264","article-title":"Best practices for dietary supplement assessment and estimation of total usual nutrient intakes in population-level research and monitoring","volume":"149","author":"Bailey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib19","series-title":"Usual dietary intakes: SAS Macros for the NCI method","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib20","series-title":"Dietary DRI reference intakes: the essential guide to nutrient requirements","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib21","series-title":"Subcommittee on Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes; Institute of Medicine (US) Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes. DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: applications in dietary assessment","year":"2000"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2023.05.015","article-title":"Healthy Eating Index-2020: review and update process to reflect the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020\u20132025","volume":"123","author":"Shams-White","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2012.710894","article-title":"Race\/ethnicity-, gender- and age-specific differences in micronutrient intakes of US adults with and without diabetes","volume":"64","author":"Vaccaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuv027","article-title":"Contribution of food prices and diet cost to socioeconomic disparities in diet quality and health: a systematic review and analysis","volume":"73","author":"Darmon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-017-0168-8","article-title":"Healthy and unhealthy food prices across neighborhoods and their association with neighborhood socioeconomic status and proportion black\/Hispanic","volume":"94","author":"Kern","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Urban Health"},{"issue":"sup 2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2016.1201175","article-title":"Health literacy mediates the relationship between educational attainment and health behavior: a Danish population-based study","volume":"21","author":"Friis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Health Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib27","first-page":"274","article-title":"Associations between lifestyle factors and an unhealthy diet","volume":"27","author":"Fransen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J Public Health."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.7326\/M24-0190","article-title":"Trends in diet quality among U.S. adults from 1999 to 2020 by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic disadvantage","volume":"177","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2018.10.011","article-title":"The association between food insecurity and diet quality varies by race\/ethnicity: an analysis of national health and nutrition examination survey 2011-2014 results","volume":"119","author":"Leung","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010038","article-title":"Total Usual Micronutrient Intakes Compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes among U.S. Adults by Food Security Status","volume":"12","author":"Cowan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2024.100194","article-title":"Perspective: nutrition health disparities framework: A model to advance health equity","volume":"15","author":"Agurs-Collins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-019-0463-4","article-title":"Differences in diet quality and socioeconomic patterning of diet quality across ethnic groups: cross-sectional data from the HELIUS Dietary Patterns study","volume":"74","author":"Yau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.16406","article-title":"Association of socioeconomic and geographic factors with diet quality in US adults","volume":"5","author":"McCullough","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.1996.9961793","article-title":"Cultural aspects of African American eating patterns","volume":"1","author":"Airhihenbuwa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ethn. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2014.06.006","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic and income disparities in child and adolescent exposure to food and beverage television ads across the U.S. media markets","volume":"29","author":"Powell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.09.025","article-title":"Neighborhood environments: disparities in access to healthy foods in the U.S","volume":"36","author":"Larson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10320","article-title":"Health literacy in dietary supplement use among working-age groups: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Intarakamhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daac197","article-title":"Why and how do consumers use dietary supplements? A systematic review and thematic analysis","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Promot. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3945\/an.114.006254","article-title":"Vitamin E inadequacy in humans: causes and consequences","volume":"5","author":"Traber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3644","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15163644","article-title":"Differences in nutrient intake and diet quality among non-Hispanic black adults by place of birth and length of time in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Adeyemi-Benson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316625006856?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316625006856?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T12:47:31Z","timestamp":1764679651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316625006856"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316625006856"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Variation in Micronutrient Intake and Adequacy by Race, Ethnicity, and Poverty-to-Income Ratio in United States Children and Adults: A Descriptive Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.10.037","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}